An Interaction Centred Approach to the teaching of Non-technical Skills in a Virtual Environment

In most domains involving expert knowledge, there is a number of cognitive and social factors influencing how efficient one human being is at correctly assessing and responding to certain situations. These factors, which contribute to the efficient and safe realization of a technical activity, are known as non-technical skills, and correspond to a wide range of cognitive proficiencies such as situation awareness, decision making, stress or fatigue management, but also social skills such as communication, leadership and team working. Different studies have shown the impact such skills can have in the successful resolving of a number of critical situations, even more so in our domains of interest which are medical surgery or driving. In this paper, we take a look at the difficulties raised by the teaching of the technical and non-technical skills mobilized during a critical situation, in the context of TEL within virtual environments. We present the advantages of using a combined enactive and situated learning approach to this problematic, and then take an ill-defined perspective to raise some important designing issues in this respect. We show that some aspects of this problem have not been encompassed yet in the ill-defined domains literature, and should be further studied in any attempt at teaching behaviours inducing technical and non-technical skills in a virtual world

Oasis de M'hamid. El Ghizlane.

"En la línea de trabajo que hemos seguido, en todo momento hemos tenido en cuenta que una mejora en las condiciones de vida de la población no sería posible sin: _ la creación de nuevas actividades productivas que puedan dar trabajo a los hombres y generar economía en estos pueblos _ un mejor acondicionamiento de los espacios públicos donde mujeres y niños pasan la mayor parte del día actualmente A escala territorial, la mejora en el sistema hídrico podría ayudar a una mejor explotación agrícola de las tierras, permitiendo con el tiempo, generar una actividad productiva con la venta de cultivos (existente en otras partes de la provincia) A escala urbana, . poner en valor las construcciones tradicionales y evitar que se pierda la forma tradicional de construcción con tierra característica de estos pueblos con la introducción de la técnica del btc empleando un 2-7% de cemento, con lo que conseguiríamos lo bueno del hormigón [ausencia de mantenimiento y rapidez en la construcción] y de la tierra [buen funcionamiento térmico] . una mejora en las competencias técnicas de quienes se dedican a la construcción y el aprendizaje de un nuevo oficio por parte de otros, haciéndoles partícipes de la construcción de su propio entorno. Un año después de la llegada de los talleres de construcción con tierra a los pueblos del oasis, se han producido algunos cambios que suponemos estaban ya a punto de florecer. La construcción de una red hídrica que deriva el agua a las casas en M´Hamid ha empezado a construirse mientras llevábamos a cabo el análisis para esta práctica.

Ambigua: nueva revista electrónica de investigaciones sobre género y estudios culturales

Artículo de presentación de Ambigua, revista de investigaciones sobre género y estudios culturales.Artículo revisado por pare

Modeling Population Movements under Uncertainty at the Border in Humanitarian Crises: A Situational Analysis Tool

Humanitarian agencies must be prepared to mobilize quickly in response to complex emergencies, and their effectiveness depends on their ability to identify, anticipate, and prepare for future needs. These are typically highly uncertain situations in which predictive modeling tools can be useful but challenging to build. To better understand the need for humanitarian support -- including shelter and assistance -- and strengthen contingency planning and protection efforts for displaced populations, we present a situational analysis tool to help anticipate the number of migrants and forcibly displaced persons that will cross a border in a humanitarian crisis. The tool consists of: (i) indicators of potential intent to move drawn from traditional and big data sources; (ii) predictive models for forecasting possible future movements; and (iii) a simulation of border crossings and shelter capacity requirements under different conditions. This tool has been specifically adapted to contingency planning in settings of high uncertainty, with an application to the Brazil-Venezuela border during the COVID-19 pandemic.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Modèles de raisonnement pour le diagnostic et le feedback dans l’apprentissage de la gestion des compétences non techniques en situation critique

National audienceLe projet ANR MacCoy (ANR-14-CE24-0021) s’intéresse aux verrous scientifiques posés par l’apprentissage de compétences non techniques en situation techniques à l’intérieur de mondes virtuels, dans les domaines de la médecine et de la conduite. Au sein du projet, nos contributions se focalisent sur le diagnostic des connaissances de l’apprenant à partir des traces générées par son activité à l’intérieur du simulateur, et à la prise de décision pour la génération d’un feedback pouvant être immédiat (réponse en temps réel à une action de l’apprenant), ou différé (sous la forme d’une consigne pour la génération d’un nouvelle situation critique)

An Approach to the TEL Teaching of Non-technical Skills from the Perspective of an Ill-Defined Problem

International audienc

A Hybrid Architecture for Non-Technical Skills Diagnosis

International audienceOur Virtual Learning Environment aims at improving the abilities of experienced technicians to handle critical situations through appropriate use of non-technical skills (NTS), a high-stake matter in many domains as bad mobilization of these skills is the cause of many accidents. To do so, our environment dynamically generates critical situations designed to target these NTS. As the situations need to be adapted to the learner’s skill level, we designed a hybrid architecture able to diagnose NTS. This architecture combines symbolic knowledge about situations, a neural network to drive the learner’s performance evaluation process, and a Bayesian network to model the causality links between situation knowledge and performance to reach NTS diagnosis. A proof of concept is presented in a driving critical situation

Un réseau bayésien pour le diagnostic des compétences non-techniques en situation critique

National audienc

Proposition d’un modèle pour la compréhension des décisions didactiques d’un enseignant

Parmi toutes les décisions que doit prendre un enseignant dans sa pratique professionnelle, nous appelons décisions didactiques celles qui visent à permettre aux élèves l’étude d’un savoir à enseigner. Quel modèle pour comprendre ces décisions ? Nous présentons un modèle articulant deux cadres théoriques, la théorie des situations didactiques (TSD) et la théorie anthropologique du didactique (TAD), et intégrant les catégories de connaissances des enseignants désignées comme pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) et mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). Ce modèle met en évidence trois types de facteurs : facteurs épistémiques, facteurs de type histoire didactique et facteurs externes. Nous réalisons une mise à l’épreuve du modèle en nous appuyant sur certains résultats issus de l’analyse de carnets de bord de deux enseignants.Among all teacher’s decisions taken in their professional practice, we call didactic decisions those aiming at enabling students to study knowledge. Which model to understand that kind of decisions? This article presents a model drawing on two frameworks, the Theory of Didactic Situations (TDS) on the one hand, and the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (ATD) on the other. Furthermore, teacher’s knowledge categories are also included in this model designated as pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). This model highlights three types of factors: epistemological factors, factors related to didactic history and external ones. Finally, we present the methodology used to evaluate the operationalization of our model based on the analysis of logbooks of two teachers