Immediate psychological impact on citizen responders dispatched through a mobile application to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests

Background: Activating citizen responders may increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) but could induce significant psychological impact on the citizen responders. We examined psychological impact among citizen responders within the first days following resuscitation attempt. Methods and Results: A mobile phone application to activate citizen responders to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was implemented in the Capital Region of Denmark. All dispatched citizen responders (September 2017 to May 2019) received a survey 90 minutes after an alarm, including self-rating of perceived psychological impact on a scale of 1–4.Of 5,395 included citizen responders, most (88.6%) completed the survey within 24 hours.The majority reported no psychological impact (68.6%), whereas 24.7%, 5.5% and 1.2% reported low, moderate, or severe impact, respectively. Severe impact was more commonly reported in the following groups: No CPR training (3.8% vs 1.2%, p = 0.02), age < 30 years (2.0% vs 0.9%, p < 0.001), female sex (1.8% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001), provided CPR (2.7% vs 1.0%, p < 0.001), and arrived prior to the emergency medical services (EMS) (2.8% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001) compared to no to moderate impact.Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fischer’s exact test and a logistic regression model were used to assess differences in psychological impact across groups. Conclusion: Very few citizen responders reported severe psychological impact. Lack of prior CPR training, younger age, female sex, performing CPR and arrival prior to the EMS were associated with greater psychological impact. Though very few citizen responders reported severe impact, the possibility of professional debriefing should be considered in citizen responder programs

En ny agenda for entreprenørskabsforskningen: Dansk forskning i entreprenørielle muligheder

Hvad er en entreprenøriel mulighed? Og hvordan opstår den? Disse to spørgsmål er omdrejningspunkt for et af de centrale temaer i forskningen om entreprenørskab. I denne artikel redegøres for de danske bidrag til denne debat. Disse udgør samlet konturerne til en dansk agenda for entreprenørskabsforskning. Denne tager udgangspunkt i en antagelse om, at muligheder skabes i dynamiske sociale interaktioner. Endvidere redegøres for begrænsningerne og udfordringerne for den danske agenda.What is an entrepreneurial opportunity? And how does it arise? These two questions are at the core of one of the key issues in research on entrepreneurship. Taken together, the Danish contributions to this debate as presented in this article outline the contours of a Danish agenda for entrepreneurship research, based on the assumption that opportunities are created in dynamic social interactions. The limitations and challenges of the Danish agenda are also discussed

En ny agenda for entreprenørskabsforskningen:Dansk forskning i entreprenørielle muligheder

Hvad er en entreprenøriel mulighed? Og hvordan opstår den? Disse to spørgsmål er omdrejningspunkt for et af de centrale temaer i forskningen om entreprenørskab. I denne artikel redegøres for de danske bidrag til denne debat. Disse udgør samlet konturerne til en dansk agenda for entreprenørskabsforskning. Denne tager udgangspunkt i en antagelse om, at muligheder skabes i dynamiske sociale interaktioner. Endvidere redegøres for begrænsningerne og udfordringerne for den danske agenda.What is an entrepreneurial opportunity? And how does it arise? These two questions are at the core of one of the key issues in research on entrepreneurship. Taken together, the Danish contributions to this debate as presented in this article outline the contours of a Danish agenda for entrepreneurship research, based on the assumption that opportunities are created in dynamic social interactions. The limitations and challenges of the Danish agenda are also discussed

Introduction: Examined Live – An Epistemological Exchange Between Philosophy and Cultural Psychology on Reflection

Besides the general agreement about the human capability of reflection, there is a large area of disagreement and debate about the nature and value of “reflective scrutiny” and the role of “second-order states” in everyday life. This problem has been discussed in a vast and heterogeneous literature about topics such as epistemic injustice, epistemic norms, agency, understanding, meta-cognition etc. However, there is not yet any extensive and interdisciplinary work, specifically focused on the topic of the epistemic value of reflection. This volume is one of the first attempts aimed at providing an innovative contribution, an exchange between philosophy, epistemology and psychology about the place and value of reflection in everyday life. Our goal in the next sections is not to offer an exhaustive overview of recent work on epistemic reflection, nor to mimic all of the contributions made by the chapters in this volume. We will try to highlight some topics that have motivated a new resumption of this field and, with that, drawing on chapters from this volume where relevant. Two elements defined the scope and content of this volume, on the one hand, the crucial contribution of Ernest Sosa, whose works provide original and thought-provoking contributions to contemporary epistemology in setting a new direction for old dilemmas about the nature and value of knowledge, giving a central place to reflection. On the other hand, the recent developments of cultural psychology, in the version of the “Aalborg approach”, reconsider the object and scope of psychological sciences, stressing that “[h]uman conduct is purposeful”

Emotion, deliberation, and the skill model of virtuous agency

A recent skeptical challenge denies deliberation is essential to virtuous agency: what looks like genuine deliberation is just a post hoc rationalization of a decision already made by automatic mechanisms (Haidt 2001; Doris 2015). Annas’s account of virtue seems well-equipped to respond: by modeling virtue on skills, she can agree that virtuous actions are deliberation-free while insisting that their development requires significant thought. But Annas’s proposal is flawed: it over-intellectualizes deliberation’s developmental role and under-intellectualizes its significance once virtue is acquired. Doing better requires paying attention to a distinctive form of anxiety—one that functions to engage deliberation in the face of decisions that automatic mechanisms alone cannot resolve

Diagnostic Yield of Genetic Testing in Young Patients With Atrioventricular Block of Unknown Cause

BACKGROUND: The cause of atrioventricular block (AVB) remains unknown in approximately half of young patients with the diagnosis. Although variants in several genes associated with cardiac conduction diseases have been identified, the contribution of genetic variants in younger patients with AVB is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the Danish Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Registry, we identified all patients younger than 50 years receiving a pacemaker because of AVB in Denmark in the period from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2015. From medical records, we identified patients with unknown cause of AVB at time of pacemaker implantation. These patients were invited to a genetic screening using a panel of 102 genes associated with inherited cardiac diseases. We identified 471 living patients with AVB of unknown cause, of whom 226 (48%) accepted participation. Median age at the time of pacemaker implantation was 39 years (interquartile range, 32–45 years), and 123 (54%) were men. We found pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes associated with or possibly associated with AVB in 12 patients (5%). Most variants were found in the LMNA gene (n=5). LMNA variant carriers all had a family history of either AVB and/or sudden cardiac death. CONCLUSIONS: In young patients with AVB of unknown cause, we found a possible genetic cause in 1 out of 20 participating patients. Variants in the LMNA gene were most common and associated with a family history of AVB and/or sudden cardiac death, suggesting that genetic testing should be a part of the diagnostic workup in these patients to stratify risk and screen family members

Desglycinamide-(ARG8)-vasopressin in five trials with memory-disturbed patients

A series of five consecutive clinical trials were performed in which the neuropeptide desglycinamide‐(Arg8)‐vasopressin (DGAVP) was administered to human subjects suffering from cognitive and memory complaints. The patients selected for the study were carefully screened with the aid of neuropsychological assessment procedures. The trials were conducted according to a structured design in which the variables ‘dose’, ‘route of administration’, ‘treatment schedule’, ‘diagnostic group’, and ‘severity of deficit’ were varied from trial to trial in order to find optimal conditions for the possible expression of a peptide effect. The results indicate a statistically significant effect of DGAVP on word list learning in patients with mild brain trauma, suggesting that learning performance and memory retrieval are improved after peptide treatment in these patients. Patients with more severe brain trauma did not respond to peptide treatment. Some DGAVP effects, e.g. increased speed of memory search, were observed in patients with age‐associated memory deficits