Medicaid Data Accessibility: A State-By-State Analysis of Data Availability and Usage

Digitized for IUPUI ScholarWorks inclusion in 2021.Objective: To explore state Medicaid programs to determine which states have made their Medicaid healthcare data available to the public, including any state policies prohibiting or allowing the state to share its data

Women and the labour force in Kenya, 1895-1964

In this paper the author examines the economic role of women in the labour system in Kenya from 1895 to 1964, showing how this role changed as the economy moved into a new phase after 1945, and how it was affected by the Mau Mau Emergency and the transition to independences. During the precolonial period, women's contribution to subsistence farming and herding was substantial, and there is considerable evidence that this contribution increased during the period of British colonial rule as the number of men leaving subsistence farming steadily increased. Prior to World War II, the few women engaged in formal wage employment worked largely in agriculture, and also as children's nurses and in the towns as prostitutes and beer brewers. The move away from the use of migrant labour, which began after World War II, was accompanied by a steady rise in the number of women in formal employment, though most of these were still in the agricultural sector. The employment of women outside of agriculture increased after the war and particularly during the Emergency, but by 1956 this trend has slackened off. Up until independence in 1963, there was no great advance in the female rate of participation in formal employment. The bulk of female labour remained self-employed in small-scale agriculture, and in all branches of the economy women's earnings were uniformly less than men's. It remains to be seen whether independent Kenya will continue to follow this pattern, or whether its commitment to African socialism will really afford women an equal role in developments

Philosophical Foundations of Wisdom

Practical wisdom (hereafter simply ‘wisdom’), which is the understanding required to make reliably good decisions about how we ought to live, is something we all have reason to care about. The importance of wisdom gives rise to questions about its nature: what kind of state is wisdom, how can we develop it, and what is a wise person like? These questions about the nature of wisdom give rise to further questions about proper methods for studying wisdom. Is the study of wisdom the proper subject of philosophy or psychology? How, exactly, can we determine what wisdom is and how we can get it? In this chapter, we give an overview of some prominent philosophical answers to these questions. We begin by distinguishing practical wisdom from theoretical wisdom and wisdom as epistemic humility. Once we have a clearer sense of the target, we address questions of method and argue that producing a plausible and complete account of wisdom will require the tools of both philosophy and empirical psychology. We also discuss the implications this has for prominent wisdom research methods in empirical psychology. We then survey prominent philosophical accounts of the nature of wisdom and end with reflections on the prospects for further interdisciplinary research

Cavity Enhanced Magneto Optic Rotation for Measurement of HO[2]

The goal of reduced emissions and increased efficiency in transportation has required investigation into advanced engine designs. Some of these advanced engines use charge reactivity to closely control the engine ignition and combustion process and thus the overall engine operation. Reactivity controlled operation requires models of the chemical kinetics at the low end of operating temperatures. The current models are lacking detail in the low and intermediate temperature region where hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxy (HO2), and alkylperoxy (RO2) radicals play an important role in the oxidation chemistry. Measurement of these radicals is made difficult in combustion systems because of the strongly absorbing stable products of combustion, such as CO2 and H2O, which obscure the absorption features of HO2 and RO2. Therefore, there is a need for sensitive and selective diagnostics which can quantitatively measure these weakly absorbing small peroxy radicals in combustion systems. This work advances the development and application of a sensitive and selective laser diagnostic technique called Cavity Enhanced Magneto-Optic Rotation (CEMOR) for quantitative measurement of paramagnetic species, specifically HO2 radicals. CEMOR combines the sensitivity of cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) and the selectivity of magneto-optic rotation (MOR) spectroscopy. This work presents a novel design of CEMOR with a continuous wave laser source for measurement of HO2. The narrower bandwidth of continuous wave lasers offers increased spectroscopic resolution over the pulsed Nd:YAG/OPO laser used for previous CEMOR development. Continuous wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) is integrated with MOR in order to make high resolution scans of HO2 in a flash photolysis cell. Modeling results of the magnetic field strength in studies of MOR and CEMOR with a slot burner using permanent magnets, and of CEMOR in a flash photolysis cell using a solenoid are presented. Magnetic field strength effect is shown to have a linear relationship with MOR signal and a mechanism for measurement of its effect on CEMOR signal is described. The objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate that CEMOR can be used to make measurements of HO2 by increasing its resolution through the incorporation of a continuous wave distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser. The intellectual merit of this work is found in the design of a novel laser spectroscopy technique which is capable of sensitive and selective detection of paramagnetic species. This initial work did not demonstrate successful application of continuous wave CEMOR to measurement of HO2, yet it provides a path forward for this goal in a flash photolysis cell and cool flame burner. The present work also provides a method which can easily be adapted to measurement of alkyl peroxy (RO2) radicals.Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics -- Drexel University, 201