Application of Tuncay's language teacher model to business-customer relations

It seems that what has been said by now about market and competitiveness do not fit perfectly with competences of getting the best of profit. Sometimes, the classical methods of fundamentals of management do not apply to individual companies that face irregular accommodation on the market. It is high time to replace the perfect business with the right one. New approaches and models may help in identifying new competition trends, changes for better application of purposes and proposals.Comment: 5 pages, no figures, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Challenging US Country of Origin Labelling at the World Trade Organization: The Law, The Issues and The Evidence

Canada and Mexico are formally challenging US country of origin (COOL) legislation at the World Trade Organization. The industries most affected by COOL are beef and pork. The effect of COOL on North American cross border supply chains is outlined. The areas of international trade law upon which a challenge could be mounted are explained and the key issues that a disputes panel would have to determine indicated. The nature of the evidence that may be required to bolster Canada’s case is outlined.country of origin, marks of origin, protectionism, Technical Barriers to Trade, supply chains, WTO, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, Marketing,

Challenging US Country of Origin Labelling at the WTO: The Law, the Issues and the Evidence

COOL, WTO, labelling, despite, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade,

Vitamin D and Birth Outcomes in Pregnancy

Title: Vitamin D and Birth Outcomes in Pregnancy Purpose and Background/Significance: Vitamin D is essential for fetal growth and development and maternal wellbeing. Circulating maternal vitamin D (25[OH]D) serum levels in pregnancy influence birth outcomes, however, there is little evidence regarding the time in pregnancy when vitamin D levels have the greatest impact. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of maternal vitamin D throughout pregnancy. Theoretical/conceptual framework: David Barker’s theory of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease provided the framework of the investigation of early pregnancy maternal vitamin D status as a predictor of birth outcome, influencing future health and disease. Methods: 25[OH]D was measured (EIA) in serum from nulliparous women (n=52) in each of three trimesters of pregnancy. We analyzed the relationship of 25[OH]D with pregnancy outcome measures including maternal early pregnancy weight, maternal weight gain across pregnancy, gestational duration, and infant birth weight (Spearman). The relationship between maternal circulating 25[OH]D levels and birth mode, gestational duration and infant birth weight were analyzed using regression models, controlling for maternal early pregnancy weight and weight gain. Significance was determined at p<0.05. Results: Mean 25[OH]D across pregnancy did not reach the established threshold for adequacy in pregnancy (63.3 + 19.5, 65.7 + 20.4, 65.9 + 24.4 nmol/L for trimester 1, 2 and 3, respectively). 1st trimester 25[OH]D levels were positively correlated with levels across pregnancy (p<0.001). 1st trimester 25[OH]D levels were negatively correlated with maternal early pregnancy weight (p<0.001) and maternal weight prior to birth (p<0.01). 25[OH]D levels were unrelated to gestational duration or infant birth weight. Neither 1st trimester 25[OH]D levels or maternal weight gain were significant predictors of birth mode though maternal early pregnancy weight predicted risk for cesarean section birth (p=0.04, OR 1.027). When controlling for maternal early pregnancy weight and weight gain, 25[OH]D across pregnancy was not a significant predictor of infant birth weight or gestational duration. Conclusions: High maternal early pregnancy weight predicted risk for cesarean section and was correlated with low vitamin D levels. Nutritional counseling to promote optimal weight and vitamin D adequacy may promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.No embargoAcademic Major: Nursin

The United States\u27 Pursuit of Regime Change in Venezuela

Since its first mass protest in 2016, Venezuela has been in a state of crisis, facing public protest, inflation rates, and diminishing access to basic necessities. Many of these issues can be tied to the decline of Venezuela’s once successful oil industry, which had created an economic-bubble until recent years. This paper uncovers the historical context of the issues faced by Venezuela’s oil industry and analyzes the role the United States has played in promoting its own influence within it. Furthermore, this paper examines the specific methods the United States has used to assert this influence and the motives and incentives it has in doing so

The Effect of Acute Stress on Time-Based Prospective Memory

Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) is the ability to remember to perform an action at a specific point in time. During a stressful day, one usually encounters many instances where TBPM is required. The objective of this project was to see if acute stress (situational) has an effect upon TBPM. Trinity College undergraduates ages 18-22 were used in this study. The Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test (SECPT) was performed to induce acute stress and raise cortisol levels in participants. Each participant had an electroencephalogram recording collected during a computer-generated TBPM Paradigm. The resulting data were analyzed within group as well as compared to nonstressed students. Comparing the groups, there was a significant increase in response time on TBPM tasks. Additionally, comparisons of simple event related potentials recorded from 0-900 milliseconds post ongoing task response between control and stress groups indicated significant differences in frontal electrodes (FP1, F1). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of TBPM in response to acute stress

The Economic Impacts of Processing Based Intellectual Property Protection:The Case of Red Lentils

Saskatchewan’s lentil producers are positively impacted when their temporary competitive advantage in the industry, which in part is derived from high yielding Saskatchewan-bred lentil varieties, is eroded though ineffective intellectual property (IP) protection. The ineffective IP protection occurs due to the inconsistency in the enforcement of policies and laws across countries, making it difficult to protect IP when exporting products. Additionally, intellectual property protection of lentils is inefficient is when viable seeds are obtained by other countries through the export of whole seeds. This is because lentils are an open pollinated crop and intellectual property cannot be protected through hybrid seed technology. This is an issue because the Canadian red lentil (CRL) varieties have been bred for the Saskatchewan climate, but are well suited to grow in countries that have similar climates, and therefore are well adapted to large regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. The similarity in growing conditions, coupled with the lack of IP protection for the CRL varieties makes it possible for Russia and Kazakhstan to use imported Saskatchewan bred lentil varieties to grow in their lentil industry. When Russia and Kazakhstan grow the CRL varieties it directly competes with Saskatchewan’s production in the world market, eroding the producer surplus of Saskatchewan producers. This thesis estimates the economic benefit to Canadian growers of restricting access to Canadian varieties through a value chain that genetically protects the CRL varieties by exporting only de-hulled red lentils. A dynamic, multi-country, partial equilibrium model is used to estimate the effects de-hulling CRL varieties before export will have on the Canadian lentil industry. This model determines the effects that de-hulling CRL's will have on Canadian lentil producer's welfare by comparing the results from when there is genetic protection (GP) for the CRL varieties before they are export and then there is no genetic protection (noGP) for the CRL varieties. In my thesis, I examine four potential scenarios for the future lentil production in Russia and Kazakhstan over the next twenty years. The four growth scenarios that are examined for Russia and Kazakhstan’s lentil industries range from no convergence to full convergence. No convergence is when Russia and Kazakhstan continue producing lentils with their 2011 lentil hectares until 2034. Full convergence is when both countries converge to the Canadian lentil industry’s ratio of lentil hectares to spring wheat hectares. The empirical model results show that producer surplus gained by Canadian lentil producers are increased when Canadian firms use GP to protect the intellectual property rights (IPR) of new CRL varieties. My results show that lentil prices in the global market will be modestly higher when there is GP for lentils versus when there is noGP for lentils over the next twenty years. The difference in the prices of the noGP case and the GP case gets larger as Russia and Kazakhstan go from no convergence to full convergence. The price impacts of GP in 2034 range from a $0.52 per tonne increase with no convergence to a$5.92 per tonne increase with full convergence. If the net processing margin is not increased, GP will produce a 2012 discounted price of $2.41 billion over the 2014-2034 period, suggesting only modest returns from GP. When all four convergence scenarios are evaluated and weighted by expected probabilities of occurrence, the estimated overall economic impact for Canadian lentil producers from 2014 to 2034 will be$47.12 million in additional producer surplus (PS), which is equal to an increased price of $3.41 per tonne. For this to be feasible the cost of de-hulling the lentils must be profitable to the processors at$3.41 per tonne or less

How can we meet the information needs of patients with early stage papillary thyroid cancer considering radioactive iodine remnant ablation?

In patients with early stage papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who have had a thyroidectomy, the decision must be made to accept or reject radioactive iodine remnant ablation (RRA). Counselling patients about this decision can be challenging, given the medical evidence uncertainties and the complexity of related information. Although physicians are the primary source of medical information for patients considering RRA, some patients have a desire for supplemental information from sources such as the internet. Yet, thyroid cancer resources on the internet are of variable quality, and some may not be applicable to the individual case. We have developed a computerized educational tool [called a decision aid (DA)], directed to patients with early stage papillary thyroid cancer, and intended as an adjunct to physician counselling, to relay evidence-based medical information on disease prognosis and the choice to accept or reject RRA. DAs are tools used to inform patients about available treatment options and have been utilized in oncologic decision-making. We tested our web-based DA in fifty patients with early stage PTC and found that it improved medical knowledge. Furthermore, participants found the technical usability of the tool acceptable. We are currently conducting a randomized controlled trial comparing the use of the DA plus usual care to usual care alone to confirm the educational benefit of the website and examine its impact on the decision-making process. In the future, DAs may play an expanded role as an adjunct to physician counselling in the care of patients with thyroid cancer