The Kaurna diaspora and its homecoming: Understanding the loss and re-emergence of the Kaurna language of the Adelaide Plains, South Australia

Robert Amer

4 Monitoring the use of Kaurna

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina, apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra.Introdução: Importância de lesões desportivas relativamente ao futuro e à magnitude problemática nos atletas jovens. Neste momento, existem poucos dados sobre essa matéria. Objetivo: Avaliar de uma forma retrospetiva as lesões desportivas, identificando, caracterizando e comparando as lesões. Métodos: Consultámos os registos existentes no departamento médico de uma equipa de formação de futebol, em dois anos competitivos e identificámos o tipo de lesão e suas caraterísticas. Os registos foram feitos numa folha de dados, onde foi registado: identificação do atleta; data de nascimento; idade; naturalidade; época desportiva; escalão de formação; posição; lesão; localização da lesão; lateralidade da lesão; data da lesão; lesão tipo; lesão traumática ou de sobrecarga; tratamento; tipo de tratamento; tempo de afastamento. Os dados colhidos foram tratados de uma forma anónima e confidencial, preservando a individualidade do atleta. Resultados: Os tipos de lesões mais frequentes foram entorses (16,2%), contusões (13,5%), contraturas (13,5%) e estiramentos (12,2%). A maior parte das lesões foram traumáticas (60,8%), localizadas nos membros inferiores (79,7%) e ocorreram mais nos treinos (74,3%) do que nos jogos. Observou-se também que a prevalência de lesões aumenta gradualmente, à medida que o escalão de formação é superior. Conclusões: Através deste estudo foi possível obter uma noção muito mais concreta do padrão e prevalência de lesões numa equipa de formação de futebol, de modo a poder verificar as que podem ser objeto de prevenção.Background: Importance of sports injuries for the future and for the problematic magnitude in young athletes. There are currently few data on this subject. Objective: To evaluate in a retrospective way the sports injuries, identifying, characterizing and comparing the injury. Methods: We consulted the existing records in the medical department of a youth soccer team in two competitive years and identified the type of injury and its characteristics. Recordings were made on a datasheet, where it was registered: athlete identification; date of birth; age; place of birth; season; youth squad; position; injury; injury location; injury side; injury date; type of injury; traumatic or overload injury; treatment; type of treatment; withdrawal time. The data collected were treated in an anonymous and confidential manner, preserving the individuality of the athlete. Results: The most common types of injuries were sprains (16.2%), contusions (13.5%), contractures (13.5%) and strains (12.2%). The majority of the injuries was traumatic (60.8%), located in the lower limbs (79.7%) and occurred more in training (74.3%) than in matches. It was also observed that the prevalence of injuries gradually increases as the youth squad is higher. Conclusions: Through this study it was possible to obtain a more concrete idea of the pattern and prevalence of youth football team injuries, in order to verify that may be subject to prevention

IMPACT OF A HIGH OIL AND PROTEIN ON AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND OVERALL SEED COMPOSITION IN SOYBEAN

New soybean lines have been developed with significantly higher oil, protein + oil and higher meal protein. These soybeans contain a VgD1 gene (highly active acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, DGAT from Vernonia galamensis (VgDGAT1A) produces much higher oil synthesis and accumulation activity in soybean. Soybean with active DGAT from Vernonia galamensis (VgDGAT1A) has active TAG biosynthesis relative to other DGATs including from soybeans and Arabidopsis. DGATs catalyze the final step of TAG synthesis: DAG (diacylglycerol) + acyl-CoA → TAG + CoASH (Coenzyme A is notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle). A thorough analysis of the major components in VgD1 lines, especially those of nutritional or anti-nutritional value including what else changed (decreased); and what remained at normal levels was conducted. A field study was conducted in Spindletop and Princeton KY, reviled no reduction in yield nor protein, and about 4 % (DW) more oil was obtained in Princeton and 2% (DW) in Spindeltop. No consistent reduction in the other seed composition.VgDGAT1A soybean lines indicated noticeably early maturation compared to the parental line. This is associated with higher expression of the flowering genes FT2 (FLOWERING LOCUS T2) and FT5 (FLOWERING LOCUS T5), for the high oil lines. A single recessive mutation in soybean (MIPS) myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase, confers a seed phenotype of increase inorganic phosphate (Pi) crossed with high oil lines expressing a DGAT from Vernonia galamensis (VgDGAT1A) (VgD). The oil and protein were maintained compart to VgD. VgD X MIPS (VM), had 21.2, and 22 % oil in 2015, and 23.3 and 24.0 oil in 2016, and protein 46, 49 in 2015, and 37 and 39 % in 2016. Phosphate results suggesting the cross MV is still segregating for MIPS and more selection and planting are needed. Measurement of seed phosphate levels is an established technique for screening for low phytate mutants but to date, it has not been performed non-destructively from single soybean seeds. A protocol was developed greatly reducing the sample size thereby reducing the cost and time and saving a generation in the selection of low phytate mutant seeds based on the high Pi phenotype. Genotyping single seeds are useful in breeding and genetics while maintaining high germination rates. Nondestructive single-seed genomic DNA extraction protocols using 12 mg cotyledon tissue with a modified cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) technique and a commercial seed DNA extraction kit using 1 mg cotyledon tissue were developed for dry soybean seeds and cross-verified with leaf DNA analysis

Fiscal consideration and the distribution of income: does the currency regime matter?

This paper studies whether there are differences in fiscal consolidation's effect on the distribution of income, depending on a countrys currency regime. I find that countries under a fixed currency regime experience lower inequality measured by the Gini coefficient in times of fiscal consolidation when compared to countries with free floating currencies. Limiting the sample to fixed countries, consolidation still tends to lower inequality. The effect is only apparent for small consolidation episodes, larger ones - > 1% of GDP - show disequalizing effects. Spending cuts and tax hikes both increase the Gini in floating countries and have equalizing effects in fixed countries. Their size matters for fixed countries

Impact of Government Expenditure in Transport Infrastructure on Gross Domestic Product in Kenya

The government of Kenya has continued to increase her expenditure on infrastructure over the years. This has accentuated the need for empirical investigation on the impact of government expenditure on transportation infrastructure on GDP in Kenya from 1964 to 2015. The study used the Keynesian theory that government expenditure contributes to economic growth of the country. The data was tested for unit roots using the Augmented – Dickey Fuller test and cointegration was performed before granger causality test was done to test for direction of causality among the variables. The Johansen Maximum Likelihood test was applied which showed that there exists a long run relationship between government expenditure on transport infrastructure and GDP in Kenya. Granger Causality test revealed that causality runs from GDP to transport expenditure.  The study concluded that government expenditure on transport infrastructure has a significant impact on GDP in Kenya. Keywords: Government Expenditure, Gross Domestic Product, Transport Infrastructure, Cointergration, Granger Causuality

The design of web sites with quality user interface

Usability engineering focuses on how well Web sites are structured. Many designers are unaware of the diversity of usability engineering and what it can offer the developer in efforts to produce a usable Web site. Three researchers in the field, Borges, Morales, and Rodriquez (1998), have created a style guide of content, which recommends essentials for user-friendly Web sites. They included in their list Common Look and Feel (CL&F), Information Display, Navigation, and Labels. This research paper goes through the steps it took to create a quality Web site using the style guides of the noted researchers

Scarcity-Induced Conflict: The Lebanese-Israeli Conflict Over Water

This thesis sets out to determine possible links between the depleting water resources in Israel and the country’s hegemony over the water-rich area of south Lebanon. The early Zionist and later Israeli leaders have coveted the Litani river of Lebanon, to which Israel has had access since 1978. Israel’s replenishable water stock is being fully utilized. This fact is the basis of the theoretical motif of the thesis, namely the state conflict induced by resource scarcity. Thus conflict theory is discussed and a model of conflict process is derived. Also discussed are 1) the reasons for the high water consumption in Israel, 2) water supply and demand in the country, 3) the degradation of fresh water sources, and 4) the domestic and foreign options available for Israel to ameloriate the impending water crisis. Lebanon’s Litani river is seen as Israel’s best answer to its water problem. A diversion of the Litani into the Jordan river would, however, strongly affect the economic and demographic growth in both Lebanon and Israel. Such a diversion would also have destablishing regional implications, especially for Lebanon. Against this background the conflict model is tested, and a revised one is proposed; one that is more reflective of the conflict process while under conditions of “natural” scarcity. In conclusion, there appears to be a hydrological dimension to Israel’s presence in the “security belt” of south Lebanon