In search of grammaticalization in synchronic dialect data: General extenders in north-east England

In this paper, we draw on a socially stratified corpus of dialect data collected in north-east England to test recent proposals that grammaticalization processes are implicated in the synchronic variability of general extenders (GEs), i.e., phrase- or clause-final constructions such as and that and or something. Combining theoretical insights from the framework of grammaticalization with the empirical methods of variationist sociolinguistics, we operationalize key diagnostics of grammaticalization (syntagmatic length, decategorialization, semantic-pragmatic change) as independent factor groups in the quantitative analysis of GE variability. While multivariate analyses reveal rapid changes in apparent time to the social conditioning of some GE variants in our data, they do not reveal any evidence of systematic changes in the linguistic conditioning of variants in apparent time that would confirm an interpretation of ongoing grammaticalization. These results lead us to questio

EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED RESULTS OF A FLUTTER INVESTIGATION OF SOME VERY LOW ASPECT-RATIO FLAT-PLATE SURFACES AT MACH NUMBERS FROM 0.62 TO 3.00

Flutter investigation of very low aspect-ratio flat-plate surfaces at subsonic and supersonic spee

Chronicle of a referendum foretold: what next for the Malvinas/Falklands?

The announcement of the result of the March 2013 referendum on whether the Falklands/Malvinas should remain a British overseas territory came as no surprise in either Britain or Argentina, or on the South Atlantic islands themselves. Indeed, perhaps the biggest shock of all was the news that three inhabitants actually voted against remaining under British rule. As bewildered Kelpers in the close-knit island community speculated on where the voices of dissent had come from, in the aftermath of the referendum we consider what has really changed and offer insight into what will happen next. In particular, we argue that it is in both British and Argentine self-interest to change their stances in order to resolve the issue

Synthesis of human plasminogen by the liver

Genetic types of plasminogen were determined from a donor and a recipient before and after hepatic homotransplantation. Examination of the plasminogen types demonstrated that the liver is the principal site of synthesis of human plasminogen. Copyright © 1980 AAAS

Some aspects of the epistemology of William of Ockham

The background section of the article deals with Aquinas's and Scotus's definition of the relation between intellect and senses. It is shown that Aquinas postulated a species in terme diary between the two, while Scotus only postulated it for abstractive cognition . Ockham removes the intelligible a species altogether, stressing the reliability of intuitive cognition as the basis of certitude about p re se n t situations, while perfect intuitive cognition is the basis of certitude about past situation . Ockham 's theories of the habitus are discussed as seeming to contradict the principle of the razor, but are demonstrated not to involve external intermediaries. Ockham 's epistemology safeguards the intrinsic psycho ­ logical unity of man and allow s a more direct know ledge of the wrold, in that it derieves universals from particulars and does sway with Aquinas's unwieldy theories of illumination and abstraction. Because all knowledge begins with intuitive cognition, an empirical scientific method is for the first time justified

He Met Her On The Stairs : Song

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/1557/thumbnail.jp

Travelers to truth in Piers Plowman1)

Piers Plowman, a vast and complex poem in three different texts (the B. version, considered here, is c. 1377), is in many ways the ideal complement to Chaucer’s work, just as Langland, its author, is apart from Chaucer the greatest Middle English poet whom we know by name. Chaucer the greatest Middle English poet whom we know by name. Chaucer is urbane, witty, civilized, sophisticated; Langland is earnest, dedicated, hard-hitting. Where the former is largely (but not entirely) concerned with man’s earthly life, Piers Plowman sees man’s existence as a pilgrimage, a preparation for the life hereafter