Desafios e perspectivas das questões ambientais na Escola Municipal Almirante Ernesto de Mourão Sá no município de Salvador-BA

The аmbіеntаl is considered an approach to achieving, selling scopes tо еmрirіс, of state of ambіеntаl law, after all, сіtizenѕ with access to іnfоrmation have better соndіtionѕ оf Act on ѕосіеty, оf articulate their іdеіаѕ and оf Act front aѕ саuѕeѕ оf your interest. Within this context, this work had as main objective demоnѕtrate became the questions ambіеntаіѕ can be an excellent educational tool for Сrhythіса Education in the fundаmеntаl teaching. This research has as methodological line the qualitative research, because it emphasizes the description, the induction, the grounded theory and the study of personal perceptions. The Municipal school Almirante Ernesto de Mourão Sá is part of the public network, and it is possible to count on its space for the realization of the research, besides its location close to the area of study, is one of the schools where the program "School of the Family" acts which allowed the Adherence of the students of this program to the project. It was found that the conceptions produced in the school analyzed focus, primarily, on the resulting environmental problems more closely integrated to a strand of the local environment, based on traditional themes such as noise, waste, Deforestation and air and water pollution, although they do not separate from the realization of actions committed to the broader environmental and social changes.A еduсаçãо аmbіеntаl é considerada uma abordagem para a concretização, nо âmbіtо еmрírісо, dо Eѕtаdо de Dіrеіtо Ambіеntаl, afinal, сіdаdãоѕ com acesso à іnfоrmаçãо têm melhores соndіçõеѕ dе atuar ѕоbrе a ѕосіеdаdе,  dе articular suas іdеіаѕ e dе agir frеntе àѕ саuѕаѕ dе ѕеu interesse. Dentro desse contexto este trabalho teve como principal objetivo demоnѕtrаr соmо аѕ questões ambіеntаіѕ роdеm ѕеr uma excelente fеrrаmеntа реdаgógіса para educação сrítіса no ensino fundаmеntаl. A presente pesquisa tem como linha metodológica a investigação qualitativa, pois enfatiza a descrição, a indução, a teoria fundamentada e o estudo das percepções pessoais. A Escola Municipal Almirante Ernesto de Mourão Sá faz parte da rede pública, sendo possível contar com seu espaço para a realização da pesquisa, além de sua localização próxima a área de estudo, é uma das escolas onde o programa “Escola da Família” atua o que permitiu a adesão dos alunos deste programa ao projeto. Verificou-se que as concepções produzidas na escola analisada focalizam, prioritariamente, os decorrentes problemas ambientais mais estreitamente integrados a uma vertente do ambiente local, pautadas nas temáticas tradicionais como os ruídos, resíduos, o desmatamento e a poluição do ar e das águas, muito embora não se separe da efetivação de ações comprometidas com as mudanças ambientais e sociais mais abrangentes

Apresentação do Dossiê Temático Interfaces entre a Educação Especial e a Educação do Campo

Apresentação do Dossiê Temático Interfaces entre a Educação Especial e a Educação do Camp

Apresentação do Dossiê Temático Interfaces entre a Educação Especial e a Educação do Campo

Apresentação do Dossiê Temático Interfaces entre a Educação Especial e a Educação do Camp

Sensibilização de alunos do ensino fundamental a partir de práticas ambientais no Parque Metropolitano de Pituaçu.

The objective was to stimulate the conservationist behavior in elementary school students from environmental practices in the Metropolitan Park of Pituaçu. The Park is an Urban Conservation Unit of Atlantic forest, currently with 378 ha. We evaluated 116 students from four schools adjacent to the Park. We performed three phases: 1. Conceptual (lecture), 2. Procedimental (observation of fauna and environmental variables in the Park) and 3. Attitudinal (production of drawings and texts). In the first phase we applied questionnaires to the 116 students; in the second and third phase, 58 students participated and they answered the questionnaire once more. We compared the questionnaires using the t-test and Mann-Whitney test. There was no significant difference, both in relation to the general average (p = 0.5970; t '= 0.5302), when compared to the subjective questions individually. This result is unusual because, we hoped that participation in the procedural phase would contribute to the learning of the children. In this way, we consider the questionnaire an insufficient tool, since it was interfered with by the euphoria of the students in the procedural activity. We corroborate this inference when we perceive a student's learning from the analysis of the drawings and texts produced after the procedural phase. We propose the application of tools that stimulate creativity, such as creation of drawings, games and play texts to evaluate environmental practices.Objetivou-se estimular o comportamento conservacionista em alunos do ensino fundamental partir de práticas ambientais no Parque Metropolitano de Pituaçu. O Parque é uma Unidade de Conservação urbana de mata atlântica, atualmente com 378 ha. Avaliamos 116 alunos de quatro escolas adjacentes ao Parque. Executamos três fases: 1. Conceitual (palestra), 2. Procedimental (observação de fauna e variáveis ambientais no Parque) e 3. Atitudinal (produção de desenhos e textos). Na primeira fase aplicamos questionários nos 116 alunos; na segunda e terceira fase, participaram 58 alunos que responderam mais uma vez o questionário. Comparamos os questionários através do teste t e Mann-Whitney. Não houve diferença significativa, tanto em relação a média geral (p= 0,5970;t’= 0,5302), quando comparado as questões subjetivas individualmente. Este resultado é inusitado, pois, esperávamos que a participação na fase procedimental contribuiria para o aprendizado das crianças. Desta forma, consideramos o questionário uma ferramenta insuficiente, pois, sofreu interferência da euforia dos alunos na atividade procedimental. Corroboramos está inferência, quando percebemos um aprendizado dos alunos a partir da análise dos desenhos e textos produzidos após a fase procedimental. Propomos a aplicação de ferramentas que estimulam a criatividade, como criação de desenhos, jogos e textos lúdicos para avaliar práticas ambientais

Sensibilização de alunos do ensino fundamental a partir de práticas ambientais no Parque Metropolitano de Pituaçu.

The objective was to stimulate the conservationist behavior in elementary school students from environmental practices in the Metropolitan Park of Pituaçu. The Park is an Urban Conservation Unit of Atlantic forest, currently with 378 ha. We evaluated 116 students from four schools adjacent to the Park. We performed three phases: 1. Conceptual (lecture), 2. Procedimental (observation of fauna and environmental variables in the Park) and 3. Attitudinal (production of drawings and texts). In the first phase we applied questionnaires to the 116 students; in the second and third phase, 58 students participated and they answered the questionnaire once more. We compared the questionnaires using the t-test and Mann-Whitney test. There was no significant difference, both in relation to the general average (p = 0.5970; t '= 0.5302), when compared to the subjective questions individually. This result is unusual because, we hoped that participation in the procedural phase would contribute to the learning of the children. In this way, we consider the questionnaire an insufficient tool, since it was interfered with by the euphoria of the students in the procedural activity. We corroborate this inference when we perceive a student's learning from the analysis of the drawings and texts produced after the procedural phase. We propose the application of tools that stimulate creativity, such as creation of drawings, games and play texts to evaluate environmental practices.Objetivou-se estimular o comportamento conservacionista em alunos do ensino fundamental partir de práticas ambientais no Parque Metropolitano de Pituaçu. O Parque é uma Unidade de Conservação urbana de mata atlântica, atualmente com 378 ha. Avaliamos 116 alunos de quatro escolas adjacentes ao Parque. Executamos três fases: 1. Conceitual (palestra), 2. Procedimental (observação de fauna e variáveis ambientais no Parque) e 3. Atitudinal (produção de desenhos e textos). Na primeira fase aplicamos questionários nos 116 alunos; na segunda e terceira fase, participaram 58 alunos que responderam mais uma vez o questionário. Comparamos os questionários através do teste t e Mann-Whitney. Não houve diferença significativa, tanto em relação a média geral (p= 0,5970;t’= 0,5302), quando comparado as questões subjetivas individualmente. Este resultado é inusitado, pois, esperávamos que a participação na fase procedimental contribuiria para o aprendizado das crianças. Desta forma, consideramos o questionário uma ferramenta insuficiente, pois, sofreu interferência da euforia dos alunos na atividade procedimental. Corroboramos está inferência, quando percebemos um aprendizado dos alunos a partir da análise dos desenhos e textos produzidos após a fase procedimental. Propomos a aplicação de ferramentas que estimulam a criatividade, como criação de desenhos, jogos e textos lúdicos para avaliar práticas ambientais

Renal Involvement in Leptospirosis: The Effect of Glycolipoprotein on Renal Water Absorption

on vasopressin (Vp) action in the guinea pig inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). Copenhageni, GLPc, n = 5); Group II, IMCD from normal guinea-pigs in the presence of GLPc (GLPc group, n = 54); Group III, IMCD from injected animals with GLPc ip (n = 8). (GLPp, non pathogenic, 250 µg) did not alter Vp action. In Group III, GLPc (250 µg) injected intraperitoneally produced a decrease of about 20% in IMCD Aquaporin 2 expression.The IMCD Pf decrease caused by GLP is evidence, at least in part, towards explaining the urinary concentrating incapacity observed in infected guinea-pigs

Erica: Prevalences Of Hypertension And Obesity In Brazilian Adolescents

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS: We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95% CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95% CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95% CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95% CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95% CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95% CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95% CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95% CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS: ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5.501Brazilian Department of Science and Technology at the Secretariat of Science and TechnologyStrategic Inputs of the Ministry of Health (Departamento de Ciencia e Tecnologia da Secretaria de Ciencia e Tecnologia e Insumos Estrategicos do Ministerio da Saude - Decit/SCTIE/MS)Health Fund Sector (Fundo Setorial de Saude - CT-health) at the Ministry of science, Technology and Innovation (Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao - MCTI)FINEP [01090421]CNPq [2010/565037-2]hospital research incentive fund for Clinics in Porto Alegre (fundo de incentivo a Pesquisa do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA) [405,009/FIPE-2012-7]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Erica: Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome In Brazilian Adolescents

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants. The sample was stratified and clustered into schools and classes. The criteria set out by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define metabolic syndrome. Prevalences of metabolic syndrome were estimated according to sex, age group, school type and nutritional status. RESULTS: Of the 37,504 adolescents who were evaluated: 50.2% were female; 54.3% were aged from 15 to 17 years, and 73.3% were from public schools. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% (95% CI 2.3-2.9), slightly higher in males and in those aged from 15 to 17 years in most macro-regions. The prevalence was the highest in residents from the South macro-region, in the younger female adolescents and in the older male adolescents. The prevalence was higher in public schools (2.8% [95% CI 2.4-3.2]), when compared with private schools (1.9% [95% CI 1.4-2.4]) and higher in obese adolescents when compared with nonobese ones. The most common combinations of components, referring to 3/4 of combinations, were: enlarged waist circumference (WC), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and high blood pressure; followed by enlarged WC, low HDL-c and high triglycerides; and enlarged WC, low HDL-c, high triglycerides and blood pressure. Low HDL was the second most frequent component, but the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (26.8%) was observed in the presence of high triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: ERICA is the first Brazilian nation-wide study to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and describe the role of its components. Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.501Department of Science and Technology of the Secretariat of Science, Technology and Strategic Inputs of the Ministry of Health (Decit/SCTIE/MS)Health Sectorial Fund (Fundo Setorial de Saude - CT-Saude) of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)FINEP [01090421]CNPq [2010/565037-2]Research Incentive Fund of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - (Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - FIPE-HCPA) [405.009/2012-7]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt