Colorectal cancer screening with fecal occult blood test: A 22-year cohort study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with a three-tier fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the Chinese population. The study was performed between 1987 and 2008 at the Beijing Military General Hospital, in a cohort of army service males and females aged >50 years. Between 1987 and 2005, a three-tier screening program, comprising guaiac-based FOBTs (gFOBTs), followed by immunochemical FOBTs for positive guaiac test samples and then colonoscopy for positive immunochemical test subjects, was performed annually. The cohort was followed up until 2008. The cohort included 5,104 subjects, of which, 3,863 subjects participated in screening (screening group) and 1,241 did not (non-screening group). The two groups did not differ in age, gender or other major risk factors for colon cancer. Overall, 36 CRCs occurred in the screening group and 21 in the non-screening group. Compared with the non-screening group, the relative risk for the incidence and mortality of CRC was 0.51 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30-0.87] and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.18-0.71), respectively, in the screening group. The general sensitivity of this three-tier FOBT was 80.6% (95% CI, 65.3-91.1). Thus, annual screening using the three-tier FOBT program may reduce the CRC incidence and mortality rate

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

AIRBORNE MULTIDIMENSION INTEGRATED REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM AMIRS AND IT’S DATA FUSION

A type of integrated remote sensing system (airborne multidimension integrated remote sensing system----AMIRS) which can acquire hyperspectral images,high special numeric stereo images and position-orientation-data at the same time is developed in 2005 to improve the efficiency of remote sensing system.In this paper the data processing flow of the system is listed briefly.An attempt of the data fusion to get classified map directly from hyperspectral images and high special images is introduced. The method workflow include pure pixel judgement by grads, pure pixel spectral diffusing according the edge of high spacial image, linear pixel decompose with already-known pure pixel spectral which simplified the equation,and un-pure pixel spectral diffusing. In this article the image fusion method try to base on rough image register methods that means high register precision are not necessary,to do so, the radiation correlation of two kinds images synchronously acquired are used. Some of experiment result are listed. 1

Coastal upwelling in summer 2000 in the northeastern South China Sea

Using a combination of hydrographic, tide-gauge, near-bottom mooring, and satellite observations; and a numerical circulation model, we investigate the coastal upwelling in the northeastern South China Sea (NSCS) off the coast of Fujian and Guangdong Provinces, China, in the summer of 2000. Subsurface upwelling phenomenon exists mainly near the bottom boundary in the whole region investigated. It is closely related to the coastal sea level fluctuations, which are evidently modulated by both the local wind-forcing and the large-scale circulation. The northeastward interior flow following the bathymetry is accelerated by the drop of coastal sea level and leads to onshore transport and subsequent cooling in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) over the shelf west of Shantou. To the east of Shantou, the near-bottom flow veers more eastward, parallel to the coastline, and transports the nearshore cold water mass farther to the southern Fujian coast. The cross-shelf advected cold water does not always penetrate through the stratification and reach the surface. The local wind exhibits considerable synoptic variability. The decrease in sea surface temperature (SST) is mostly significant near Dongshan-Shantou, intermittent in time and intensifies preferably during weather events that bring southwesterly alongshore wind. To the west a freshwater tongue originating from the Pearl River forms a barrier layer, which results in high surface temperature in the freshwater plume. The observational evidences and modeled results shown in this study provide important information for further understanding the ecological effects associated with the upwelling processes in the NSCS.973 program [2011CB403504]; CAS [KZCX1-YW-12-01, SQ200809]; NSFC [41006011]; NSFC-GD [U1033003]; Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [S2011010001001

Nature of ‎Metal-Support Interaction Discovered by Interpretable Machine ‎Learning

Metal catalysts supported on oxides play a paramount role in numerous industrial reactions. ‎Modulating metal-support interaction is a key strategy to boost ‎catalytic productivity and ‎stability; however, the nature of metal-support interaction and quantification remain major ‎unsolved problems. By ‎leveraging interpretable ‎machine learning, domain knowledge, and ‎experimental data available, we discover a physical metal-support interaction equation ‎applicable ‎to metal nanoparticles and adatoms on oxides, and oxide films on metals. Though ‎metal-oxygen interaction dominates metal-support interaction and determines the metal ‎composition effect, metal-metal interaction delineates the support effect. This ensures a principle ‎of strong metal-metal interaction for encapsulation of suboxide over metal ‎nanoparticles, ‎substantiated comprehensively by molecular dynamics simulations and ‎previous experiments. The ‎developed theory provides valuable insights and guidance in engineering the metal-support ‎systems.

The influencing factors of hearing protection device usage among noise-exposed workers in Guangdong Province: a structural equation modeling-based survey

Abstract Background There are numerous complex barriers and facilitators to continuously wearing hearing protection devices (HPDs) for noise-exposed workers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between HPD wearing behavior and hearing protection knowledge and attitude, HPD wearing comfort, and work-related factors. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 524 noise-exposed workers in manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province, China. Data were collected on hearing protection knowledge and attitudes, HPD wearing comfort and behavior, and work-related factors through a questionnaire. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we tested the association among the study variables. Results Among the total workers, 69.47% wore HPD continuously, and the attitudes of hearing protection (26.17 ± 2.958) and total HPD wearing comfort (60.13 ± 8.924) were satisfactory, while hearing protection knowledge (3.54 ± 1.552) was not enough. SEM revealed that hearing protection knowledge had direct effects on attitudes (β = 0.333, p < 0.01) and HPD wearing behavior (β = 0.239, p < 0.01), and the direct effect of total HPD wearing comfort on behavior was β = 0.157 (p < 0.01). The direct effect also existed between work shifts and behavior (β=-0.107, p < 0.05). Indirect relationships mainly existed between other work-related factors, hearing protection attitudes, and HPD wearing behavior through knowledge. Meanwhile, work operation had a direct and negative effect on attitudes (β=-0.146, p < 0.05), and it can also indirectly and positively affect attitudes through knowledge (β = 0.08, p < 0.05). Conclusion The behavior of wearing HPD was influenced by hearing protection knowledge, comfort in wearing HPD, and work-related factors. The results showed that to improve the compliance of noise-exposed workers wearing HPD continuously when exposed to noise, the HPD wearing comfort and work-related factors must be taken into consideration. In addition, we evaluated HPD wearing comfort in physical and functional dimensions, and this study initially verified the availability of the questionnaire scale of HPD wearing comfort