Relationship between spiritual well-being and minor psychiatric disorders: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of spiritual well-being in mental health of college students. METHODS: It was interviewed 464 medical and law students of Pelotas, Brazil. Data collection was carried out in groups in the school classroom, 43 absent students were not interviewed and represented a loss of 9.3% of the sample. It was used a self-reported questionnaire with three instruments: 1) Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), 2) SRQ-20, and 3) a precoded questionnaire with questions on sociodemographic data, religious/spiritual practices, and stressful life events. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Most of the students (80%) declared that they had a spiritual belief and/or religious denomination. The mean score of spiritual well-being was 90.4 with scores 45.6 and 45.1 in the existential and religious subscales, respectively. SWBS showed an association with religious practices, but it was not influenced by sociodemographic and cultural variables. Subjects presenting low and moderate spiritual well-being showed a doubled risk of presenting minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) (OR=0.42; 95%CI: 0.22-0.85). Subjects presenting low or moderate existential well-being showed almost five times more MPD (OR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.08-0.45). CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals spiritual well-being as a protection factor for minor psychiatric disorders, and that the results were mostly due to the Existential Well-Being subscale.OBJETIVO: Examinar a influência do bem-estar espiritual na saúde mental de estudantes universitários. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 464 universitários das áreas de medicina e de direito, de Pelotas, RS. A coleta de dados foi realizada em grupos na sala de aula. Os alunos ausentes foram localizados para responderem individualmente; entretanto, 43 não foram encontrados (9,3% de perda). Utilizou-se um questionário auto-aplicável contendo: escala de bem-estar espiritual (SWBS), SRQ-20 (Self-Reporting Questionnaire) e informações sociodemográficas sobre práticas religiosas/espirituais e sobre a ocorrência de eventos de vida produtores de estresse. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes de qui-quadrado e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos alunos (80%) afirma possuir uma crença espiritual ou religião. O escore médio de bem-estar espiritual foi de 90,4, sendo de 45,6 e 45,1 para as sub-escalas existencial e religiosa, respectivamente. A SWBS apresentou associação com a freqüência a serviços religiosos e práticas espirituais, e não demonstrou ser influenciada por variáveis sociodemográficas e culturais. Indivíduos com bem-estar espiritual baixo e moderado apresentaram o dobro de chances de possuir transtornos psiquiátricos menores (TPM) (OR=0,42; IC95% 0,22-0,85). Sujeitos com bem-estar existencial baixo e moderado apresentaram quase cinco vezes mais TPM (OR=0,19; IC95% 0,08-0,45). CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo mostrou que o bem-estar espiritual atua como fator protetor para transtornos psiquiátricos menores, sendo a sub-escala de bem-estar existencial a maior responsável pelos resultados obtidos.Universidade Católica de Pelotas Curso de Mestrado em Saúde e ComportamentoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PsiquiatriaUNIFESP, Depto. de PsiquiatriaSciEL

Fatores de risco de queda na pessoa com Acidente Vascular Cerebral

Background: Stroke is one of the main causes of disability, causing changes that are manifested in a restriction of the person's functionality, contributing to an increase of accidental falls. The identification of risk factors by the Nurse Specialist in Rehabilitation Nursing is imperative to avoid these events. Objective: To identify risk factors for falls in people with stroke. Methods: Systematic review of the literature, with research on the EBSCO Host® platform, in CINAHL and MEDLINE, in the period of the 1st and 31st of October 2017. The following research equation (Accidental Falls) AND (Stroke) AND (Risk Factors) were used. Results: A sample of 19 studies and a total of 22 risk factors were obtained, 12 of which are present in the NANDA-I taxonomy. Conclusions: This research allowed the identification of risk factors for stroke decline. This study contributes to the development of nursing discipline knowledge, and has implications for clinical practice, education and new research in a nursing care sensitive area.Introducción: El accidente cerebrovascular es una de las principales causas de discapacidad, provocando cambios que se manifiestan en una restricción de la funcionalidad de la persona, contribuyendo a un aumento de las caídas accidentales. La identificación de los factores de riesgo de caídas por parte de la enfermera especialista en enfermería de rehabilitación es imprescindible para evitar estos eventos. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo de caídas en personas con accidente cerebrovascular. Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, con búsqueda en la plataforma EBSCO Host®, CINAHL y MEDLINE, del 1 al 31 de octubre de 2017. La siguiente ecuación de investigación, (Caídas accidentales) Y (Accidente cerebrovascular) Y (Factores de riesgo). Resultados: se obtuvieron 19 estudios y un total de 22 factores de riesgo de caídas, 12 de los cuales estaban presentes en la taxonomía NANDA-I. Conclusiones: Esta revisión nos permitió identificar factores de riesgo de caídas en personas con accidente cerebrovascular. Esta contribuye al desarrollo del conocimiento de la disciplina de enfermería y tiene implicaciones para la práctica clínica, la educación y la nueva investigación en un área sensible a la atención de enfermería.Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral constitui uma das principais causas de incapacidade, provocando alterações que se manifestam numa restrição da funcionalidade da pessoa, contribuindo para um crescimento de quedas acidentais. A identificação de fatores de risco de queda por parte do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de reabilitação é imperativa para evitar estes eventos. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco de queda em pessoas com Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura, com pesquisa na plataforma EBSCO Host®, na CINAHL e MEDLINE, no período de 1 a 31 de outubro de 2017. Utilizou-se a seguinte equação de pesquisa, (Accidental Falls) AND (Stroke) AND (Risk Factors). Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 19 estudos e um total de 22 fatores de risco de queda, 12 dos quais presentes na Taxonomia NANDA-I. Conclusões: Esta pesquisa permitiu identificar fatores de risco de queda na pessoa com AVC. Este estudo constitui um contributo ao desenvolvimento do conhecimento da disciplina de Enfermagem, e que tem implicações na prática clínica, na educação e em novas pesquisas numa área sensível aos cuidados de enfermagem

Relationship between spiritual well-being and minor psychiatric disorders: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of spiritual well-being in mental health of college students. METHODS: It was interviewed 464 medical and law students of Pelotas, Brazil. Data collection was carried out in groups in the school classroom, 43 absent students were not interviewed and represented a loss of 9.3% of the sample. It was used a self-reported questionnaire with three instruments: 1) Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), 2) SRQ-20, and 3) a precoded questionnaire with questions on sociodemographic data, religious/spiritual practices, and stressful life events. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Most of the students (80%) declared that they had a spiritual belief and/or religious denomination. The mean score of spiritual well-being was 90.4 with scores 45.6 and 45.1 in the existential and religious subscales, respectively. SWBS showed an association with religious practices, but it was not influenced by sociodemographic and cultural variables. Subjects presenting low and moderate spiritual well-being showed a doubled risk of presenting minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) (OR=0.42; 95%CI: 0.22-0.85). Subjects presenting low or moderate existential well-being showed almost five times more MPD (OR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.08-0.45). CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals spiritual well-being as a protection factor for minor psychiatric disorders, and that the results were mostly due to the Existential Well-Being subscale.OBJETIVO: Examinar a influência do bem-estar espiritual na saúde mental de estudantes universitários. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 464 universitários das áreas de medicina e de direito, de Pelotas, RS. A coleta de dados foi realizada em grupos na sala de aula. Os alunos ausentes foram localizados para responderem individualmente; entretanto, 43 não foram encontrados (9,3% de perda). Utilizou-se um questionário auto-aplicável contendo: escala de bem-estar espiritual (SWBS), SRQ-20 (Self-Reporting Questionnaire) e informações sociodemográficas sobre práticas religiosas/espirituais e sobre a ocorrência de eventos de vida produtores de estresse. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes de qui-quadrado e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos alunos (80%) afirma possuir uma crença espiritual ou religião. O escore médio de bem-estar espiritual foi de 90,4, sendo de 45,6 e 45,1 para as sub-escalas existencial e religiosa, respectivamente. A SWBS apresentou associação com a freqüência a serviços religiosos e práticas espirituais, e não demonstrou ser influenciada por variáveis sociodemográficas e culturais. Indivíduos com bem-estar espiritual baixo e moderado apresentaram o dobro de chances de possuir transtornos psiquiátricos menores (TPM) (OR=0,42; IC95% 0,22-0,85). Sujeitos com bem-estar existencial baixo e moderado apresentaram quase cinco vezes mais TPM (OR=0,19; IC95% 0,08-0,45). CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo mostrou que o bem-estar espiritual atua como fator protetor para transtornos psiquiátricos menores, sendo a sub-escala de bem-estar existencial a maior responsável pelos resultados obtidos

Kelps’ long-distance dispersal: role of ecological/oceanographic processes and implications to marine forest conservation

Long-distance dispersal is one of the main drivers structuring the distribution of marine biodiversity. This study reports the first occurrence of Macrocystis pyrifera and Durvillaea antarctica rafts on the southwestern warm temperate coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Our results indicate that an extreme meteo-oceanographic event, characterized by a northward, displacement of cold sub-Antarctic oceanic waters driven by an extratropical cyclone, could account for these unusual occurrences. A niche model based on known current distribution and maximum entropy principle (MAXENT), revealed the availability of suitable habitats at lower latitudes, outside their actual distribution edges. The distributional boundaries, mainly driven by temperature and irradiance, suggest the existence of environmental suitability in warm temperate areas, as well as in the Northern Hemisphere off Atlantic and Asian coasts. These theoretical edges and respective environmental drivers agree with the physiological affinities of both species, supporting the hypothesis that these variables act as limiting factors for their occurrences in tropical or warmer areas. Emerging regions can function as refuges and stepping-stones, providing substrate with adequate habitat conditions for recruitment of propagules, allowing eventual colonization. Long dispersal events reinforce the need for an extensive discussion on selective management of natural dispersion, biological invasions, refuge mapping and conservation initiatives in a transnational perspective.Agência financiadora / Número do subsídio Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) SFRH/BPD/111003/2015 PTDC/MAR-EST/6053/2014 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico CNPq 306917/2009-2 Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior CAPES/PNPD 02828/09-0 CAPES/PNADB 2338000071/2010-61 Polito: CNPQ Universal 447109/2014-6 Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia para Mudancas Climaticas (INCT-MC) ProspecMar-Islands-Sustainable prospecting in Ocean Islands: Biodiversity, Chemistry, Ecology and Biotechnology, Boticario Foundation 1051-20152 Rede Coral Vivo, Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change REDEALGAS, Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change FAPESC-Foundationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalência da depressão pós-parto e fatores associados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à depressão pós-parto. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Pelotas, entre outubro e novembro de 2000. As mães (n=410) foram entrevistadas no hospital, utilizando dois questionários sobre informações obstétricas e psicossociais. Posteriormente, as puérperas foram visitadas em casa, entre 30 a 45 dias depois do parto, quando foi aplicada a Escala de Hamilton com o objetivo de medir e caracterizar a presença de sintomas depressivos. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado na comparação entre proporções e a regressão logística não condicional, na análise multivariada. Os dados foram analisados hierarquicamente: no primeiro nível as variáveis socioeconômicas, no segundo, as variáveis demográficas, no terceiro, estavam as variáveis obstétricas e no último nível, as variáveis psicossociais. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de depressão pós-parto encontrada foi de 19,1%. As variáveis renda familiar (OR=5,24; IC 95%: 2,00-13,69), preferência pelo sexo da criança (meninos: OR=3,49; IC 95%: 1,76-6,93) e pensar em interromper a gestação (OR=2,52; IC 95%: 1,33-4,76), apresentaram associação com a ocorrência de depressão. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados sugerem que baixas condições socioeconômicas de vida da puérpera e a não aceitação da gravidez são elementos-chave no desenvolvimento da depressão pós-parto.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of postpartum depression and associated factors. METHODS: The study was carried out in Pelotas, a city in the Southern region of Brazil, between October and November 2000. Mothers (n=410) were interviewed in the hospital using two questionnaires on obstetric and psychosocial data. Later, these mothers were visited at home, within 30 to 45 days after delivery. Occurrence of postpartum depressive symptoms was assessed by the Hamilton Scale for Depression. Chi-square test was used for comparison between proportions and non conditional logistic regression was utilized in the multivariate analysis. Data analysis was conducted hierarchically: economic variables in the first level, sociodemographic in the second level, the obstetrics variables in the third level and, in the fourth level, the psychosocial variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of postpartum depression observed in this sample was 19.1%. Family income (OR=5.24; CI 95%: 2.00-13.69), preference as to the child's gender (boys: OR=3.49; CI 95%: 1.76-6.93) and thinking about interrupting the pregnancy (OR=2.52; CI 95%: 1.33-4.76), were variables associated with postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that low economic status of the puerperal woman and nonacceptance of pregnancy are key elements in the development of postpartum depression

COVID-19 and social distancing among children and adolescents in Brazil

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the adherence to measures of social distancing in children and adolescents studied in three national surveys conducted in Brazil between May–June 2020. METHODS Three national serological surveys were conducted in 133 sentinel cities located in all 27 Federative Units. Multistage probability sampling was used to select 250 individuals per city. The total sample size in age ranges 0–9 and 10–19 years old are of 4,263 and 8,024 individuals, respectively. Information on children or adolescents was gathered with a data collection app, and a rapid point-of-case test for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted on a finger prick blood sample. RESULTS The adjusted prevalence of antibodies was 2.9% (2.2–3.6) among children 0–9 years, 2.2% (1.8–2.6) among adolescents 10-19 years, and 3.0% (2.7–3.3) among adults 20+years. Prevalence of antibodies was higher among poor children and adolescents compared to those of rich families. Adherence to social distancing measures was seen in 72.4% (71.9–73.8) of families with children, 60.8% (59.6–61.9) for adolescents, and 57.4% (56.9–57.8) for adults. For not leaving the house except for essential matters the proportions were 81.7% (80.5–82.9), 70.6% (69.6–61.9), and 65.1% (64.7–65.5), respectively. Among children and adolescents, social distancing was strongly associated with socioeconomic status, being much higher in the better-off families. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 showed comparable levels among children, adolescents, and adults. Adherence to social distancing measures was more prevalent in children, followed by adolescents. There were important socioeconomic differences in the adherence to social distancing among children and adolescents

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe