Стратегия поощрения экспорта в протекционистском русле: противоречивость взаимодействия

Материалы VIIІ междунар. науч. конф., 23-24 мая 2013 г

Six Tissue Transcriptomics Reveals Specific Immune Suppression in Spleen by Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are suggested to modulate immune function, but the effects of dietary fatty acids composition on gene expression patterns in immune organs have not been fully characterized. In the current study we investigated how dietary fatty acids composition affects the total transcriptome profile, and especially, immune related genes in two immune organs, spleen (SPL) and bone marrow cells (BMC). Four tissues with metabolic function, skeletal muscle (SKM), white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and liver (LIV), were investigated as a comparison. Following 8 weeks on low fat diet (LFD), high fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-S), or HFD rich in PUFA (HFD-P), tissue transcriptomics were analyzed by microarray and metabolic health assessed by fasting blood glucose level, HOMA-IR index, oral glucose tolerance test as well as quantification of crown-like structures in WAT. HFD-P corrected the metabolic phenotype induced by HFD-S. Interestingly, SKM and BMC were relatively inert to the diets, whereas the two adipose tissues (WAT and BAT) were mainly affected by HFD per se (both HFD-S and HFD-P). In particular, WAT gene expression was driven closer to that of the immune organs SPL and BMC by HFDs. The LIV exhibited different responses to both of the HFDs. Surprisingly, the spleen showed a major response to HFD-P (82 genes differed from LFD, mostly immune genes), while it was not affected at all by HFD-S (0 genes differed from LFD). In conclusion, the quantity and composition of dietary fatty acids affected the transcriptome in distinct manners in different organs. Remarkably, dietary PUFA, but not saturated fat, prompted a specific regulation of immune related genes in the spleen, opening the possibility that PUFA can regulate immune function by influencing gene expression in this organ

Beyond gender diversity: How specific attributes of female directors affect earnings management

We apply the system GMM regression estimation approach to a matched sample of French firms listed on Euronext Paris during the period 2001–2010 in order to investigate the relationship between female directors and earnings management by considering their specific (statutory and demographic) attributes. We first find that the presence of female directors deters managers from managing earnings. However, this finding does not hold when the statutory and demographic attributes of female directors are taken into account, thus showing that the detection and the correction of earnings management require particular competencies and skills. Interestingly, we find that business expertise and audit committee membership are key attributes of female directors that promote the effective monitoring of earnings management. An important implication of our findings is that the decision to appoint women on corporate boards should be based more on their statutory and demographic attributes than on blind implementation of gender quotas. Finally, our supplementary analysis reveals that female CEOs and CFOs are strongly inclined to reduce earnings management

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Parsing interindividual drug variability: an emerging role for systems pharmacology

There is notable interindividual heterogeneity in drug response, affecting both drug efficacy and toxicity, resulting in patient harm and the inefficient utilization of limited healthcare resources. Pharmacogenomics is at the forefront of research to understand interindividual drug response variability, but although many genotype-drug response associations have been identified, translation of pharmacogenomic associations into clinical practice has been hampered by inconsistent findings and inadequate predictive values. These limitations are in part due to the complex interplay between drug-specific, human body and environmental factors influencing drug response and therefore pharmacogenomics, whilst intrinsically necessary, is by itself unlikely to adequately parse drug variability. The emergent, interdisciplinary and rapidly developing field of systems pharmacology, which incorporates but goes beyond pharmacogenomics, holds significant potential to further parse interindividual drug variability. Systems pharmacology broadly encompasses two distinct research efforts, pharmacologically-orientated systems biology and pharmacometrics. Pharmacologically-orientated systems biology utilizes high throughput omics technologies, including next-generation sequencing, transcriptomics and proteomics, to identify factors associated with differential drug response within the different levels of biological organization in the hierarchical human body. Increasingly complex pharmacometric models are being developed that quantitatively integrate factors associated with drug response. Although distinct, these research areas complement one another and continual development can be facilitated by iterating between dynamic experimental and computational findings. Ultimately, quantitative data-derived models of sufficient detail will be required to help realize the goal of precision medicine. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:221–241. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.130

Behåll lugnet och Preppa tillsammans : Från individuell till gemensam krisberedskap

Betyg 2020-06-02.</p

Som ett brev på posten : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om interorganisatorisk aktörssamverkan mot antagonistiska CBRNE-hot inom post- och godshanteringen i Sverige.

2021-06-03</p

Branding for ride-sharing companies : A qualitative study of how ride-sharing companies can work withbranding

Denna studie är ämnad att utreda hur samåkningsföretag kan arbeta medvarumärkesprofilering för att stärka sitt varumärkeskapital. Detta har undersökts genom attstudera vilka faktorer som är viktiga för kunder vid valet att samåka med fokus på densvenska marknaden. Dessa undersökningar har baserat sig på intervjuer med företagenSkjutsgruppen och GoMore samt deras kunder. Studien visar att de viktigaste faktorerna förkunder vid valet att samåka på den svenska marknaden är ekonomiska incitament, miljö,trygghet och säkerhet, flexibilitet samt social interaktion. Av dessa är de ekonomiskaincitamenten viktigast för valet att samåka. Studien har sedan undersökt hursamåkningsföretag, baserat på dessa identifierade faktorer, kan arbeta med sinvarumärkesprofilering för att stärka företagets varumärkeskapital. Studien resulterar i en modell enligt vilken samåkningsföretag kan arbeta med sinvarumärkesprofilering för att stärka sitt varumärkeskapital. Modellen föreslår attsamåkningsföretagen skapar kännedom om varumärket genom marknadsföringsåtgärder somuppmärksammar kunderna på varumärket. Detta ökar varumärkets relevans, det vill sägavarumärket finns med i kundernas minne då de väljer tjänst. Marknadsföringen syftar ocksåtill att profilera företagets varumärke genom att förbättra kundernas inställning till varumärket.Målet med detta är att etablera en emotionell relation mellan kund och företag genom attfokusera på en faktor som lyfts fram som extra betydelsefull. Modellen föreslår också attföretagen samtidigt kan differentiera sig inom flera faktorer i att syfta att erbjuda en bättretjänst än konkurrenterna