Turbulent liquid–liquid dispersion in SMV static mixer at high dispersed phase concentration

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of physico-chemical parameters on liquid–liquid dispersion at high dispersed phase concentration in Sulzer SMV™ mixer. Four different oil-in-water systems involving two different surfactants are used in order to evaluate the effect of interfacial tension, densities and viscosities ratio on mean droplets size diameters. Moreover the influence of the dispersed phase concentration on the pressure drop as well as on the droplet size distribution is investigated. Two different droplets size distribution analysis techniques are used in order to compare the resulting Sauter mean diameters. The comparison between residence time in the mixer and surfactants adsorption kinetics leads to take into account the evolution of the interfacial tension between both phases at short times. Finally experimental results are correlated as a function of dimensionless Reynolds and Weber numbers

Characterization of the performances of an innovative heat-exchanger/reactor

The use of heat exchanger/reactors (HEX/reactors) is a promising way to overcome the barrier of poor heat transfer in batch reactors. However to reach residence time long enough to complete the chemistry,low Reynolds number has to be combined with both a plug flow behaviour and the intensification of heat and mass transfers. This work concerns the experimental approach used to characterize an innovative HEX/reactor. The pilot is made of three process plates sandwiched between five utility plates. The process stream flows in a 2 mm corrugated channel. Pressure drop and residence time distribution characterizations aim at studying the flow hydrodynamics. Identified Darcy correlations point out the transition between laminar and turbulent flow around a Reynolds number equal to 200. Moreover the flow behaves like a quasi-plug flow (Pe > 185). The heat transfer and mixing time have also been investigated. The ratio between the reaction kinetics and the mixing time is over 100 and the intensification factor ranges from5000 to 8000 kW m−3K−1. As a consequence, no limitations were identified which allows the implementation of an exothermic reaction. It has been successfully performed under severe temperature and concentration conditions, batchwise unreachable. Thus, it highlights the interest of using this continuous HEX/reactor

Impact of tannin supplementation on proteolysis during post-ruminal digestion in wethers using a dynamic in vitro system: a plant (Medicago sativa) digestomic approach

The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of tannins on plant protein during sheep digestion, using a digestomic approach combining in vivo (rumen) conditions and an in vitro digestive system (abomasum and small intestine). Ruminal fluid from wethers infused with a tannin solution or water (control) was introduced into the digester, and protein degradation was followed by LC-MS/MS. Tannin infusion in the rumen led to a clear decrease in protein degradation-related fermentation end-products, whereas RuBisCo protein was more abundant than in control wethers. In the simulated abomasum, peptidomic analysis showed more degradation products of RuBisCo in the presence of tannins. The effect of RuBisCo protection by tannins continued to impact Rubisco digestion into early-stage intestinal digestion, but was no longer detectable in late-stage intestinal digestion. The peptidomics approach proved a potent tool for identifying and quantifying the type of protein hydrolyzed throughout the gastrointestinal tract

Ligand-targeted theranostic nanomedicines against cancer

AbstractNanomedicines have significant potential for cancer treatment. Although the majority of nanomedicines currently tested in clinical trials utilize simple, biocompatible liposome-based nanocarriers, their widespread use is limited by non-specificity and low target site concentration and thus, do not provide a substantial clinical advantage over conventional, systemic chemotherapy. In the past 20years, we have identified specific receptors expressed on the surfaces of tumor endothelial and perivascular cells, tumor cells, the extracellular matrix and stromal cells using combinatorial peptide libraries displayed on bacteriophage. These studies corroborate the notion that unique receptor proteins such as IL-11Rα, GRP78, EphA5, among others, are differentially overexpressed in tumors and present opportunities to deliver tumor-specific therapeutic drugs. By using peptides that bind to tumor-specific cell-surface receptors, therapeutic agents such as apoptotic peptides, suicide genes, imaging dyes or chemotherapeutics can be precisely and systemically delivered to reduce tumor growth in vivo, without harming healthy cells. Given the clinical applicability of peptide-based therapeutics, targeted delivery of nanocarriers loaded with therapeutic cargos seems plausible. We propose a modular design of a functionalized protocell in which a tumor-targeting moiety, such as a peptide or recombinant human antibody single chain variable fragment (scFv), is conjugated to a lipid bilayer surrounding a silica-based nanocarrier core containing a protected therapeutic cargo. The functionalized protocell can be tailored to a specific cancer subtype and treatment regimen by exchanging the tumor-targeting moiety and/or therapeutic cargo or used in combination to create unique, theranostic agents. In this review, we summarize the identification of tumor-specific receptors through combinatorial phage display technology and the use of antibody display selection to identify recombinant human scFvs against these tumor-specific receptors. We compare the characteristics of different types of simple and complex nanocarriers, and discuss potential types of therapeutic cargos and conjugation strategies. The modular design of functionalized protocells may improve the efficacy and safety of nanomedicines for future cancer therapy

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Hybrid silicas with molecular recognition properties as innovative materials for biomedical applications : from precursor synthesis to in vitro nanoparticles evaluation

Les résultats présentés dans ce manuscrit décrivent la synthèse et l'étude de silices hybrides organiques-inorganiques visant des applications dans le domaine de la santé. Les précurseurs polysilylés synthétisés sont des dérivés de la triazine comportant des motifs de reconnaissance moléculaire du type donneur-accepteur-donneur qui peuvent complexer des molécules complémentaires, tel que l'acide cyanurique, via des liaisons H. La préparation de matériaux hybrides à partir de ces précurseurs complexés ou non, ainsi que leur mise en forme pour obtenir des nanoparticules, sont réalisées dans des conditions nucléophiles. Ces matériaux sont sensibles aux pH puisque des pH légèrement acides peuvent entrainer la dissociation du complexe. Des précurseurs du même type sont également utilisés pour la fonctionnalisation de nanoparticules de type MCM-41 afin de créer des nanomachines. Ces dernières se sont révélées très efficaces lors d'études in vitro en présentant une mort cellulaire significative pour le cancer du sein.In this thesis hybrid organic-inorganic silicas have been synthesized and studied for applications in health field.The synthesized polysilylated precursors are based on triazine derivatives including donor-acceptor-donor molecular recognition motifs which can complex complementary compounds, like cyanuric acid, via hydrogen bonds. Hybrid bulk materials as well as nanoparticles, with or without complex, are obtained upon nucleophilic catalysis from these precursors and are shown to be pH-sensitive since a slightly acidic pH could destabilize the complex.In addition, such type of precursors is also used to functionalize MCM-41 nanoparticles in order to prepare nanomachines. In vitro studies showed the efficiency of these systems with significant cell death for breast cancer

Caractérisation non linéaire et analyse de transistors à effet de champ pour applications hyperfréquences dans le domaine temporel

LILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Réalisation et caractérisation de détecteurs submillimétriques et térahertz par des composants à effets de champs à base de nitrure de Gallium

Ces travaux de thèse concerne la réalisation et la caractérisation de détecteurs de radiations sub-millimétriques et térahertz par des composants à effets de champs à base d'hétérojonctions de nitrure de Galium (AlGaN/GaN). La première partie de ces travaux présente un état de l'art des différents types de détecteurs de rayonnement térahertz existants que ce soit par une approche électronique, optique ou optoélectronique. Elle permet d'effectuer un comparatif de leurs performances. La seconde partie aborde les aspects de design et de procédés technologiques pour la fabrication de ces composants à base de nitrure de Galium. Elle expose plus particulièrement les difficultés rencontrées et les solutions mises en places lors de la fabrication de composants à réseaux de grilles. La troisième partie concerne la caractérisation en espace libre de ces différentes topologies de détecteurs pour des fréquences allant jusque 550GHz (i.e. NEP, SNR, comparatif avec l intégration d antenne cornet ). Cette partie expose les premières mesures d'imagerie en temps réels réalisées à l'aide de détecteur térahertz à base d'hétérojonctions AlGaN/GaN. La dernière partie aborde, quant à elle, l'étude intrinsèque des performances des détecteurs. Celle-ci est basée sur la théorie du mélange résistif. Une modélisation du comportement non linéaire du détecteur est réalisée. Elle s'appuie sur des mesures de mélange faites à l'aide d'un nouveau type de bancs de mesures sous pointes développés au sein du laboratoire. En conclusion, un bilan sur les performances de différentes topologies étudiées essaiera d'offrir des pistes de réponses aux interrogations légitimes sur le sujet abordé.This thesis relates to the fabrication and the characterization of different types of Gallium nitirde based high electron mobility transistors (GaN/AlGaN heterojunction based HEMT) as millimeter and terahertz radiations detectors. The first part of this work presents a state of the art of different types of THz radiation detectors either by electronics, optics or optoelectronics approaches. This part allows a comparison of their performances. The second part deals with design and process technologies to the fabrication of GaN/AlGaN based devices. This part explains particular difficulties encounterd and solutions omplemented in the process fabrication of gratting-gate transistors. The third part describe the experimental results in free-space, up to 550GHz, of these different types of detectors (i.e. NEP, SNR, integrated horn antenna...). This part outlines the THz real-time imaging performed for the first time with GaN/AlGaN based detectors. The last part deals with the study of the intrinsic performance of these detectors. This study is based on the resistive-mixing theory in HEMTs. Modeling of the nonlinear behavior of transistors is achieved. This part relies on resistive-mixing measurements made using a new type of an on-wafer measurement bench developed in our laboratory. In conclusion, a report on the performances of all detectors studies in this thesis is done. This conclusion attempts to answer in the reasonable questions.LILLE1-Bib. Electronique (590099901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Quantification relative IMS vs LC-MS/MS : Quelle corrélation ?

National audienc

Digestomic data of proteolysis during whether post rumen digestion after tannin supplementation

International audienc