Update of the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D for infants

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to revise the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for vitamin D for infants ( 64 1 year) set in 2012. From its literature review, the Panel concluded that the available evidence on daily vitamin D intake and the risk of adverse health outcomes (hypercalciuria, hypercalcaemia, nephrocalcinosis and abnormal growth patterns) cannot be used alone for deriving the UL for infants. The Panel conducted a meta-regression analysis of collected data, to derive a dose\u2013response relationship between daily supplemental intake of vitamin D and mean achieved serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Considering that a serum 25(OH)D concentration of 200 nmol/L or below is unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health outcomes in infants, the Panel estimated the percentage of infants reaching a concentration above this value at different intakes of vitamin D. Based on the overall evidence, the Panel kept the UL of 25 \u3bcg/day for infants aged up to 6 months and set a UL of 35 \u3bcg/day for infants 6\u201312 months. The Panel was also asked to advise on the safety of the consumption of infant formulae with an increased maximum vitamin D content of 3 \u3bcg/100 kcal (Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/127 repealing Directive 2006/141/EC in 2020). For infants aged up to 4 months, the intake assessment showed that the use of infant formulae containing vitamin D at 3 \u3bcg/100 kcal may lead some infants to receive an intake above the UL of 25 \u3bcg/day from formulae alone without considering vitamin D supplemental intake. For infants aged 4\u201312 months, the 95th percentile of vitamin D intake (high consumers) estimated from formulae and foods fortified or not with vitamin D does not exceed the ULs, without considering vitamin D supplemental intake

Représentations parentales des convulsions chez l'enfant

From dental troubles through worms to being possessed, children s seizures are deeply rooted in popular and medical images. After investigating children s seizures around the world and throughout History, we have studied parental images engendered by seizures over the year 2008. Thanks to an anthropological method, we have carried out 28 taped interviews of parents living in Midi-Pyrénées and confronted with the first global seizure of their child. Parental images are numerous but the real knowledge level is rather low: few parents know the phenomenon is rooted in the brain. Thus it seems essential to control all parental images in order to improve the way these parents are taken care of once in hospital. It now appears necessary to develop an informative educational programme about children s seizures.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Convulsions et épilepsie : représentations et croyances populaires de l’antiquité au xixe

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