Novel strategies targeting hepatic stellate cells to reverse liver fibrosis

Liver fibrosis is the formation of an abnormally large amount of scar tissue in response to a liver injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in fibrogenesis in the liver. Any insult to the liver can trigger HSCs to transdifferentiate into myo-fibroblast-like cells, so-called activated HSCs, that produce abnormal amount of extracellular matrix proteins. We explored the therapeutic effects of melatonin, esculetin and hydroxyurea on HSC activation. Additionally, we investigated the role of HSL in vitamin A homeostasis and HSC activation.HSL is one of the key lipases in adipose tissue with a broad range of substrates including retinyl esters. We discovered that HSL is expressed in HSCs and functions as retinyl ester hydrolyzer. Numerous studies have examined the therapeutic properties of melatonin in a variety of liver injury models. We investigated the direct effect of melatonin on HSC activation. Our data revealed that melatonin suppresses HSC activation by down-regulating of 5-Lipoxugenase (5-LO), an enzyme involved in leukotrienes synthesis and generating inflammatory response. Esculetin is a natural antioxidant that inactivates 5-LO. We demonstrated that esculetin suppresses HSC activation and proliferation in vitro and ameliorates fibrosis in vivo. Hydroxyurea is an anti-cancer drug used to treat melanoma and sickle-cell disease. We showed that hydroxyurea reduces HSC proliferation in vitro and collagen deposition in vivo. The combination of Hydroxyurea with a 5-LO inhibitor agent, such as melatonin or esculetin, can be a promising drug cocktail that targets various key aspects of HSC activation and leads to regression of liver fibrosis

The Effect of Raw Materials Molar Ratio in Mechanochemical Synthesis of Amorphous Fe-B Alloy Nanoparticles

In this study, amorphous iron-boron alloy nanoparticles successfully synthesized by mechanochemical method. The raw materials were ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) as a source of iron and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. Powders grinding was performed with different NaBH4/FeSO4.7H2O molar ratio. The results revealed that high active and completely amorphous particles could be synthesized with the molar ratio of 4:1 for NaBH4:FeSO4 in 10 minutes of grinding time. Various characterizations, such as the chemical analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) have been performed. The XRD results confirmed the formation of the amorphous phase. Other results also indicate the formation of amorphous alloy nanoparticles with an average particle size below 50 nm and the composition was Fe-10 Wt percent B. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3489

Efficient one-pot, four-component synthesis of N,N-dibenzyl-N-{1-[5-(3-aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclobutyl}amine derivatives from the reaction of (isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane, dibenzylamine, an aromatic carboxylic acid and cyclobutanone

Four-component reaction of cyclobutanone, dibenzylamine and (Nisocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids proceed smoothly at room temperature and under neutral conditions to afford N,N-dibenzyl-N-{1-[5-(3-aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclobutyl}amine derivatives in high yields

Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction:A Cross-Sectional Study

Over the past decade the concept of Internet Addiction has grown in terms of its acceptance as a legitimate clinical disorder often requiring treatment. Many hospitals and clinics have emerged with outpatient treatment services for Internet Addiction. Most recently, the findings of this research area has led American Psychiatric Association to include the diagnosis of Internet Addiction in the Appendix in the DSM-V. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction among students. This research is a cross-sectional survey. Statistical population of the study included undergraduate and postgraduate students of Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. 195 students by using simple sampling method were selected. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS) were applied as measuring Instruments. To analyze the data Pearson Correlation and regression method were used. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between 5 domains of Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction in students. Also, there was a significant relationship between each 15 dimensions of Early Maladaptive Schema with Internet Addiction. According to research findings, the formatting schema during early years can be strong factor in the tendency to use internet. It is essential that more detailed studies should be carried out in this area, particularly about internet addiction

Vinyltriphenylphosphonium salt-mediated preparation of thiophene-containing electron-poor alkenes from acetylenic esters, 2-thienylmethanol and triphenylphosphine

Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediates, produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and alkyl acetylenecarboxylates (methyl acetylenecarboxylate, ethyl acetylenecarboxylate and ethyl phenylacetylenecarboxylate) by 2-thienylmethanol leads to vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, which undergo an addition-elimination reaction in CH2Cl2 at room temperature to produce the corresponding O-vinylated alkenes via thiophene-containing phosphorus ylides intermediates in fairly high yields. The structural analysis of all products indicated that the reactions are regio- and stereoselective.KEY WORDS: 2-Thienylmethanol, Acetylenic ester, Vinyltriphenylphosphonium salt, O-Vinylation, Michael additionBull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25(1), 91-96

Comparing the Conventional with Low Dose of Bupivacaine Plus Fentanyl in Spinal Anesthesia on the Neonate Apgar Score in Yazd City

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is the preferred method of anesthesia in cesarean section, due to less complications. The augmentation of opioids to spinal anesthetics can improve the quality and increase the duration of analgesia. This study aimed to compare the conventional with low dose of bupivacaine plus fentanyl in spinal anesthesia on the neonate Apgar score in elective cesarean section. Methods: The present double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 150 pregnant mothers undergoing cesarean section with the spinal anesthesia during 2017-2018. The mothers were randomly assigned to two groups of 75. The spinal anesthesia was performed in the first group with the injection of 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 1 ml of normal saline, and in the second group with the injection of 12.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 25 μg of fentanyl. For both groups, 1- and 5-minute neonatal Apgar scores were assessed. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS17 software using statistical tests. Results: The mean age of the samples was 30.1±5.19 years with a range of 18-42 years (P-value=0.246). The mean gestational age was 38 weeks, the mean 1-minute Apgar score was 8.88 and the mean 5-minute Apgar score was 9.89. Conclusion: With the augmentation of fentanyl to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia, the conventional dose can be reduced, which not only reduces the common side effects of Marcainee, but also provides an appropriate level of anesthesia and does not affect the neonatal Apgar score

Non-Parenteral Medications for Procedural Sedation in Children- A Narrative Review Article

How to Cite This Article: Fallah R, Ferdosian F, Shajari A. Non-Parenteral Medications for Procedural Sedation in Children- A NarrativeReview Article. Iran J Child Neurol. Summer 2015;9(3):1-8.AbstractProcedural sedation may be needed in many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children. To make pediatric procedural sedation as safe as possible, protocols should be developed by institutions. Response to sedation in children is highly variable, while some become deeply sedated after minimal doses, others may need much higher doses. Child developmental status, clinical circumstances and condition of patient should be considered and then pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for sedation be selected. Drug of choice and administration route depend on the condition of the child, type of procedure, and predicted pain degree. The drugs might be administered parenteral (intravenous or intramuscular) or non- parenteral including oral, rectal, sublingual, aerosolized buccal and intranasal. The use of intravenous medication such propofol, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, or etomidate may be restricted in use by pediatric anesthesiologist or pediatric critical care specialists or pediatric emergency medicine specialists. In this review article we discuss on non-parenteral medications that can be used by non- anesthesiologist

Detecting Suspicious Commenter Mob Behaviors on YouTube Using Graph2Vec

YouTube, a widely popular online platform, has transformed the dynamics of con-tent consumption and interaction for users worldwide. With its extensive range of content crea-tors and viewers, YouTube serves as a hub for video sharing, entertainment, and information dissemination. However, the exponential growth of users and their active engagement on the platform has raised concerns regarding suspicious commenter behaviors, particularly in the com-ment section. This paper presents a social network analysis-based methodology for detecting suspicious commenter mob-like behaviors among YouTube channels and the similarities therein. The method aims to characterize channels based on the level of such behavior and identify com-mon patterns across them. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conducted an analysis of 20 YouTube channels, consisting of 7,782 videos, 294,199 commenters, and 596,982 comments. These channels were specifically selected for propagating false views about the U.S. Military. The analysis revealed significant similarities among the channels, shedding light on the prevalence of suspicious commenter behavior. By understanding these similarities, we contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of suspicious behavior on YouTube channels, which can inform strategies for addressing and mitigating such behavior