METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES USED BY EFL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN READING ENGLISH TEXT

This study aims to investigate most of metacognitive strategies used by fifth semester students of English Education Study Program in academic year 2020/2021 and also investigate their metacognitive awareness. Eighty-nine students were participated in this study including 27 males and 62 females. The current study used quantitative approach with survey design in which the author used a questionnaire to evaluate students’ responses. Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) was used to investigate the reading strategies used by students while reading English texts. Furthermore, it also used to assess metacognitive reading awareness of students. The findings reveal that the participants’ overall use of metacognitive reading strategies (Global, Problem-solving, and Support reading strategies) was at a high to medium level. There are 12 strategies used with high frequency while 18 strategies used with medium frequency and no strategy reported using low frequency. Among of these three metacognitive categories, problem solving appears to be the most strategies used by participants and followed by global reading and support reading. The present study also reveals that they are have high- to low-level awareness of metacognitive strategies. From the interview, also found that most students rely more on google translate

Analisis Pengaruh Moving Class dan Peningkatan Prestasi Siswa (Studi Kasus di SMA 2 Muhammadiyah Surabaya)

Tulisan ini mengkaji pengaruh pengelolaan kelas pada moving class terhadap prestasi belajar dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengelolaan kelas pada moving class di SNIA Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya, untuk mengetahui bagaimana prestasi belajar siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya, dan sejauh mana pengaruh pengelolaan kelas pada moving class terhadap prestasi belajar siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, pengelolaan kelas pada moving class telah dilakukan dengan sangat baik. Ini terbukti dari hasil prosentase yang menunjukkan nilai 87,6. Dan prestasi belajar siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya tergolong baik. Ini terbukti dengan data nilai akhir semester siswa yang rata-rata adalah 7

Makna Yuridis Status Hukum Hak Waris Anak Hasil dari Perkawinan yang Tidak Dicatatkan Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam

The aim of this jurnalis to determine the meaning of judicial and juridicalimplications of the legal status of the inheritance rights of a child who is born from the unregistered marriage accordingto KHI. The method used in this jurnal is a normative study by using conceptual approach of legislation and then assisted with legal materials that will be outlined, described, and analyzed its relationship between one and another.A child can become an heir according to Islam is based on family lineage that come fromthe existence of a valid marriage according to the religion. According to KHI, the validity of a marriage not only has to fulfill the requirements of valid marriage but also has to fulfill the registration of the marriage. If not, it will cause a marriage that has no legal force, and it will impact to the inheritance relationship that is not going to have a legal force as well. The implication of the juridical status of the inheritance rights of children from an unregistered marriage is there is no protection of law and justice, due to a loss of status for the childs inheritance rights. Key words: inheritance rights, child who is born from the unregistered marriage, compilation of islamic law. Abstrak Jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna yuridis dan implikasi yuridis status hukum hak waris anak yang dilahirkan dari perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan menurut KHI. Metode yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan Perundang-undangan yang bersifat konseptual. Kemudian dibantu dengan bahan-bahan hukum yang akan diuraikan, dideskripsikan, dan dianalisis keterkaitan satu sama lain. Seorang anak dapat menjadi ahli waris menurut agama Islam selalu berdasar pada adanyahubungan nasab yang ditimbulkan dari adanya perkawinan yang sah menurut agama,tetapi menurut KHI untuk sahya suatu perkawinan selain harus memenuhi rukun dan syarat perkawinan juga harus memenuhi syarat pencatatan,yang jika tidak dilakukan akan berakibat perkawinan tersebut tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum. Implikasi yuridis terhadap status hak waris anak dari perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan yaitu belumterwujudnya perlindungan hukum dan keadilan, karena terhapusnya status hak waris bagi anak tersebut. Kata kunci: hak waris, anak hasil dari perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan, kompilasi hukum islam

Mapping Groundwater Potential Zone Based On Remote Sensing And Gis Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp) In Tana Righu, West Sumba, Indonesia

This study aims to delineate groundwater potential zones in Tana Righu. Multiple thematic maps were prepared using RS and GIS techniques and was assigned suitable weights on the Saaty’s scale. The assigned weights of the thematic maps were then normalized using the AHP technique. Ultimately, these thematic maps were integrated with a weighted overlay technique in GIS. The results showed that about 42% of the study area has “moderate” potential; 35.86% of the study area has “high” potential; 28,82% of the study area has ”low” potential. 3.57.1% of the study area has “very high” potential; and 1.56.1% of the study area The “very low” potential. Overall, this study provides more efficient approach to mapping the potential groundwater availability. The results of this study are expected to assist in the planning, management and better utilization of groundwater resources

The Independence of CXCR4’s Pathways, Gαi and β-Arrestin2, and Their Modulation by AMD3100 and TC14012

CXCR4, a chemokine receptor involved in metastasis and homing of hematopoietic stem cells, signals through two major pathways: Gαi and β-arrestin2. β-arrestin2 terminates G-protein signaling and targets the receptor to endocytosis. This project proposed to study the effect of a previously described set of CXCR4 mutants on both these signaling pathways, as well as their localization. These mutants were assayed by different Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) systems. Using these systems, we confirmed that N119S is a constitutively active mutant (CAM), spontaneously activating Gαi. As well, we found that R134A is a constitutively inactive mutant (CIM), devoided of G-protein signaling, but spontaneously recruiting β-arrestin2. In addition, we studied the dependency of β-arrestin2 recruitment on the Gαi activity. By targeting R134A and N119S with pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of the Gαi activation, we showed efficient blocking of the Gαi pathway, while maintaining the constitutive recruitment of β-arrestin2. This demonstrated that for CXCR4, β-arrestin2 recruitment is independent of the Gαi pathway. Finally, two synthetic ligands of CXCR4, AMD3100 and TC14012 were tested for their ability to recruit β-arrestin2. AMD3100 is a clinically approved drug used for stem cell transplantation, with considerable side effects. We found it to be an antagonist on both Gαi and β-arrestin2 recruitment. On the other hand, TC14012 was found to be an inverse agonist on Gαi and an antagonist on β-arrestin2 recruitment. Based on this finding, it would be preferable to use of TC14012 as it will further reduce any basal Gαi activity, without affecting β-arrestin2 recruitment. These results support the development of TC14012 for stem cell mobilization trials.CXCR4 est un récepteur de chimiokines impliqué dans les métastases et la mobilisation des cellules souches hématopoïétiques. Il signale par deux voies: Gαi et β-arrestin2. La β-arrestine2 termine la signalisation des protéines G et cible le récepteur vers l'endocytose. Un des objectifs du projet était d’étudier l’effet de certaines mutations de CXCR4 sur la signalisation et la localisation du récepteur. À l’aide de la technique BRET, nous avons confirmé que le mutant N119S est constitutivement actif sur la voie de signalisation Gαi. De plus, nous avons constaté que le mutant R134A était dépourvu de signalisation par les protéines G, mais qu’il recrutait constitutivement la β-arrestine2. Nous souhaitions également étudier la dépendance du recrutement de la β-arrestine2 sur l’activité de Gαi. En utilisant la toxine de la coqueluche, un inhibiteur de la voie Gαi, le recrutement constitutif de la β-arrestine2 à R134A et N119S était maintenu. Ces résultats démontrent que, pour le récepteur CXCR4, le recrutement de la β-arrestine2 est indépendant de l’activation de Gαi. Finalement, nous avons investigué la capacité de recrutement de la β-arrestine2 induite par deux ligands synthétiques de CXCR4, soit AMD3100 et TC14012. À noter, AMD3100 est un médicament déjà approuvé pour la transplantation des cellules souches. Par contre, il démontre des effets secondaires considérables. D’un côté, nous avons constaté qu’AMD3100 était un antagoniste sur les deux voies de signalisation, soit Gαi et β-arrestine2. De l’autre côté, TC14012 a démontré l’effet d’agoniste inverse sur la voie Gαi, mais d’antagoniste sur la voie β-arrestine2. À la lumière de ces résultats, TC14012 pourrait être plus approprié dans des cas cliniques puisqu’il réduirait toute activité basale de Gαi sans affecter le recrutement de la β-arrestine2. Enfin, ces résultats suggèrent que le ligand TC14012 pourrait être utilisé dans des essais cliniques visant la mobilisation des cellules souches

What are the functions of discourse markers uh & um?

Abstract: This paper examines the function of uh and um in spontaneous speaking by an English native speaker which focuses on the analysis of the function of delay markers in conversation particularly in answering questions spontaneously. The data was collected from an interview with an English native speaker as the participant, a male Australian postgraduate student of an Australian university. The utterances in the transcript were analyzed applying the conversation analysis method. It is found that there are some functions of uh and um in the participant’s speech such as; looking for the answer by repeating the question, searching for words, changing the structure of the sentence after pausing, keeping the floor, deciding what to say next, pausing in his long answer and pausing in his first utterance, repeating the question before answering it and ceding the floor. 

Iron metabolism in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires two ferritin-like molecules, Pa FtnA and Pa BfrB

FtnA is an iron storage protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is capable of storing about 4500 Fe3+ ions in its inner core. According to earlier classifications of this protein Pseudomonas aeruginosa was proposed to have two bacterioferritins coded by two different genes bfrA and bfrB which coexists. Our research was focused on an idea that Pseudomonas aeruginosa have one bacterioferritin and one bacterial ferritin which acts as iron storage proteins instead of a heterogeneous bacterioferritin. To strengthen our hypothesis we first cloned bfrA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and purified Pa FtnA to homogeneity. Crystallization studies were conducted to solve the structure of Pa FtnA protein which reveals that Pa FtnA is composed of 24 identical subunits coordinates together to form a spherical hollow sphere which helps in storage of iron in its inner cavity. Experiments performed in crystallo suggested that iron ions are oxidized at ferroxidase center and taken in to the inner cavity. The most interesting detail found by crystal structure was presence of a third iron site near ferroxidase center at different pH and buffer conditions which is similar to "Site C" in many known bacterial ferritins. Even experiment performed in vitro also showed Fe2+ is oxidized before storing in the inner cavity. Previous observation made by sequence alignment of Pa FtnA with Pa BfrB and other known bacterioferritins showed absence of M52 residue in Pa FtnA which also shows that Pa FtnA is a bacterial ferritin not bacterioferritin as this binds to Heme in Pa BfrB which is a characteristic feature. Earlier studies suggested protein-protein interaction as a key step in releasing iron from iron storage protein BfrB in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This indicates inhibition of this PPI with inhibitors should prevent the bacteria from releasing iron. In order to apply the developed inhibitor for P. aeruginosa to other pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, first we need to understand the structure and functional similarity of these pathogenic bacteria in comparison to P. aeruginosa. This can be achieved by doing multiple sequence alignment. This helps us understand the possible structure and function that can form by selected bacteria in comparison to P.aeruginosa. If these bacteria contain similar type of residues at important iron regulation sites than the possible mechanism even in these selected Gram-negative bacteria will be similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence we can apply same inhibitors to inhibit PPI even in these bacteria. Presence of these storage proteins is one mode of releasing iron during iron limiting conditions for bacteria to survive, other mode of action is by sequestering iron from host cells by releasing siderophores and hemophores. To study phenotype changes in biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa under iron starvation conditions in presence of iron chelators, we choose transposon mutants which were purchased from University of Washington, Manoil lab. Experiments were performed using succinate minimal media in presence and absence of iron chelators with different mutants. Iron chelators such as BP (2,2' Bipyridine) and DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) were used for this study which showed, the mutant in presence of iron chelator have retarded growth whereas mutants and wild type in absence of iron chelators did not show any effects on its biofilm formation. These studies showed release of pyoverdine a type of siderophore by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also showed release of pyocyanin a phenazine with DTPA. This concludes that initially bacteria tends to release pyoverdine for iron acquisition but when it is not getting enough iron for its growth and under high stress conditions it tends to release phenazine for iron acquisition and start showing a slow growth. We did observe planktonic difference but not phenotype changes with the medium used