Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

La Cámara Municipal de Recife (1710-1822): Perfil de una Elite Local en la América Portuguesa

La Cámara Municipal de Recife fue creada para solucionar los enfrentamientos entre comerciantes portugueses y terratenientes a principios del siglo XVIII en Pernambuco, permitiendo que los primeros también participaran del poder local. Buscamos establecer un perfil del grupo de ocupantes de los principales cargos municipales a lo largo del periodo que va de 1710 a 1822 teniendo en consideración sus orígenes, actividades económicas y lazos familiares

Saciar para manter a ordem e o bem público: a câmara municipal do Recife e o problema do abastecimento da Vila (séculos XVIII e XIX)

In this article, we try to demonstrate how the Recife City Council was articulated itself, between the 18th and 19th Centuries, with others power agents to overcome the meat and cassava flour shortage. It tries also to understand how their actions have had an impact in areas that transcended the town terms. The case is bases on the City Council documents and Portuguese Overseas Historical Archive.En este artículo intentamos demostrar cómo se articuló el Ayuntamiento de Recife, entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, con otros agentes de poder para superar la escasez de carne y harina de yuca. También trata de comprender cómo sus acciones han tenido un impacto en áreas que trascendieron los términos de la ciudad. El caso se basa en los documentos del Ayuntamiento y el Archivo Histórico Portugués de Ultramar. Nesse artigo procuramos demonstrar como a Câmara Municipal do Recife se articulou, entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, com outros agentes de poder para contornar a escassez de carne e farinha e como suas ações tiveram repercussões em áreas que transcendiam seu termo. O caso foi estudado a partir da documentação da própria Câmara e do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino

RESENHA: ELLIOTT, John H. Impérios del mundo atlántico: España y Gran Bretaña en América (1492-1830

RESENHA: ELLIOTT, John H. Impérios del mundo atlántico: España y Gran Bretaña en América (1492-1830) Madrid: Taurus, 2006

THE CHILDREN AND THE GRANDS OF THOSE WHO WALK IN GOVERNANCE: FAMILY AND POWER IN THE MUNICIPAL CHAMBER OF THE COLONIAL RECIFE.

As relações de família eram um dos pilares fundamentais da sociedade colonial em vários aspectos. O exercício do poder através das instâncias locais figurava como cenário privilegiado de ação das redes de parentesco. Nesse estudo de caso enfocamos a atuação dos principais grupos familiares no âmbito da Câmara Municipal do Recife durante o período colonial, procurando identificar as mais importantes linhagens da elite local, algumas de suas estratégias e os seus espaços de poder