Effet d'un traitement non traditionnel acide sur le comportement mécanique de trois limons

L'étude porte sur le comportement de trois limons traités avec un produit acide contenant du limonène sulfonaté. Les effets du traitement sur les propriétés mécaniques (compactage et résistance à la compression simple) ainsi que sur les caractéristiques d'identification (valeur au bleu de méthylène, pH, granulométrie) sont évaluées dans l'objectif de définir les applications de ce type de traitement en terrassement

Report from the BfR expert hearing on practicability of hormonal measurements: recommendations for experimental design of toxicological studies with integrated hormonal end points

n/

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Méthodes non traditionnelles de traitement des sols: apports techniques et impact sur le bilan environnemental d'un ouvrage en terre

International audienc

Life cycle assessment of non-traditional treatments for the valorisation of dry soils in earthworks

Sustainable development principles are leading earthwork companies to use all-natural materials extracted from the construction site to build the infrastructure. Natural materials with low characteristics must be improved. For dry soils, the common solution is to increase the compaction energy or add important quantities of water to reach the target dry density and bearing capacity. To reduce the environmental impact of their activities, the use of industrial organic products has been proposed. The aim of this study was to assess the potential benefits that could be expected from the use of these non-traditional treatments in earthworks with a well-recognised environmental impact assessment methodology

Soil Treatment with Organic Non-traditional Additives for the Reduction of Environmental Impact of Earthworks

International audienc

Utilisation de produits non traditionnels pour le traitement des matériaux de terrassement (impact sur les propriétés géotechniques et bilan environnemental)

Répondre aux défis du développement durable exige la prise en considération des aspects économiques, sociétaux et environnementaux des projets. Dans le domaine des terrassements, les actions portent notamment sur l'optimisation de la valorisation des matériaux extraits grâce aux techniques de traitement des sols. Le projet s'est principalement porté sur les produits de traitement dérivant de la transformation de matières premières renouvelables : solutions enzymatiques , lignosulfonates et solutions acides. Des données factuelles concernant les effets des traitements sur les caractéristiques hydromécaniques de quatre sols (un limon, un sol argileux et deux sables) ont été acquises mettant en évidence une augmentation de l'efficacité du compactage après traitement du limon au produit enzymatique et au lignosulfonate. La recherche des mécanismes d'action s'est fondée sur une étude de la microstructure par microscopie électronique à balayage et porosimétrie au mercure complétée par l'évaluation des effets d'un ajout de produits tensioactifs sur les propriétés des sols. L'objectif de l'étude dépasse cependant l'évaluation des modalités d'action des produits et vise également à prendre en compte les préoccupations environnementales. Ainsi, une étude d'analyse du cycle de vie a été menée pour chaque application ce qui a permis d'identifier les conditions optimales pour lesquelles les traitements combinent intérêts techniques et environnementaux. Ces conditions sont réunies lors du compactage des sols secs sous réserve que l'étape de production et de transport des produits ne soit pas excessivement pénalisante comme mis en évidence lors de l'étude de sensibilitéSustainable development principles lead earthworks companies to use all natural materials and to reduce the environmental impact of their activities. In this context, the use of industrial organic products derived from the processing of renewable matter has been proposed. In this study, three non traditional products have been selected: an enzymatic solution, a lignosulfonate and an acid solution. In a first approach, hydromechanical properties of four treated soils (a silt, a clayey soil and two sands) were investigated. The experimental results showed interesting applications for the silt when its natural water content is low. Indeed, the compaction ability of the soil was increased after enzymatic and lignosulfonate treatments. Thus, savings of water and energy could be expected during the construction stage. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of the treatment products, the microstructure of treated soil were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, mercury injection porosity and was completed by the study of a surfactant addition in soils. The global aim of the study was beyond the characterization of mechanical behavior of treated soils, therefore, environmental balance was also estimated for the different applications defined in accordance to the experimental results. For enzymatic and lignosulfonate treatments, a comparison of the global environmental impact was done thanks to a life cycle assessment methodology. This approach showed that technical and environmental interest are associated for the compaction of dry soils when the production and transport steps have limited environmental impact as demonstrated in the sensitivity analysisMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Caractérisation des profils de gènes modulés par des hépatocancérogènes non génotoxiques (études in vivo et in vitro chez le rat)

De nombreuses molécules chimiques non génotoxiques peuvent induire des tumeurs du foie. Actuellement les études réglementaires de cancérogénèse durent 2 ans pour le rat : ceci est long, coûteux et présente des problèmes éthiques. Des auteurs ont proposé de nouvelles stratégies de prédiction des propriétés cancérogènes des molécules chimiques, basées notamment sur l identification de signatures multigéniques en utilisant des puces à ADN après des traitements à court terme. Parmi les hépatocancérogènes non génotoxiques on trouve des activateurs des récepteurs nucléaires CAR et PXR. In vivo, après 7 jours, l analyse des gènes induits ou réprimés par les activateurs de CAR et de PXR, a permis de retrouver des gènes attendus mais aussi d identifier des familles de gènes importants dans les processus de cancérisation. Les signatures multigéniques obtenues ont permis de distinguer les activateurs CAR et PXR et les molécules non activatrices de CAR/PXR et non cancérogènes. En résumé, notre étude confirme l intérêt du concept de prédiction et de classification des molécules cancérogènes ou non, sur la base d études à court terme in vivo et montre, en revanche, la nécessité d affiner l approche in vitro Liverbeads.Liver tumors are frequently induced in rodents by nongenotoxic chemicals. These hepatocarcinogens generally act by activating key nuclear receptors, such as CAR and PXR, in the liver, resulting in a cascade of signalization leading to modifications in the expression of genes responsible for a variety of processes involved in carcinogenesis. For the evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals, a 2-year rat bioassay is required. Recently, several short-term in vivo and in vitro technologies, including the transcriptomic approach, have been proposed as alternatives to this time-consuming and very expensive assay. In the present study we treated rats for 7 days and Liverbeads for 48 hr with several CAR and PXR activators, used as hepatocarcinogens. Our results showed that different gene signatures were obtained between the CAR and the PXR activators in rat liver. The signatures were largely different from those obtained with the non CAR/PXR and non hepatocarcinogens. In vitro, the data obtained did not allow well distinguishing between CAR and PXR modulators. In summary, our data support the conclusion that it is possible to discriminate between CAR and PXR modulators, using the short-term transcriptomic approach.RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF