Anaphylaxis Associated with Peanuts and Nuts in Late Mexican Adolescents: A Population Based Study

Background: There is a lack of information regarding anaphylaxis that is triggered by the peanut and nuts in countries with emerging economies. We aimed to identify the factors that are related to the prevalence of secondary anaphylaxis that results from ingesting peanuts or nuts. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in which we applied a structured questionnaire to a random sample of 1992 adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years. After identifying those subjects with presence of adverse symptoms after food intake, we then asked if this was due to the ingestion of the peanuts or nuts. Factors associated with anaphylaxis were identified through the odds ratio estimation using logistic regression in a multivariate analysis model. Results: The prevalence of global anaphylaxis caused by the peanuts and nuts was 0.9%, n=17 (95% CI: 0.5% to 1.4%); 0.6%, n=12 (95% CI: 0.3% to 1.1%) with any type of nut, and 0.3%, n=7 (95% CI: 0.2% to 0.7%) with the peanut; anaphylaxis caused exclusively by the peanut was recorded at 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1% to 0.6%). Notably, one case of anaphylaxis was triggered by five types of nuts (almond, pecan, Brazilian nut, cashew, and pistachio), another by 4 types (hazelnut, peanut, walnut, pecan, and cashew), there were 9 cases that were prompted by only one food (5 peanut, 2 cashew, 1 chestnut, 1 almond). The only factor found to be associated with anaphylaxis was a personal history of pollen allergy, odds ratio: 10.12 (p = 0.046). Conclusion: The prevalence of anaphylaxis induced by peanuts or nuts in the Mexican population varies from 0.5 to 1.4%; and the personal history of pollen allergy was the only associated factor with anaphylaxis

Self-report prevalence and associated factors to drug hypersensitivity in Mexican young adults

Background: Drug hypersensitivity is defined as any unfavorable reaction that occurs after the administration of any drug. It may or may not be mediated by the involvement of the immune system. Epidemiological data related to drug hypersensitivity reactions in our country are scarce. Objective: To determine the prevalence of drug hypersensitivity in a group of young adults, as well as to identify associated factors. Methods: A structured questionnaire was applied to young people aged 18 to 25 years. The instrument was oriented to identify reactions of drug hypersensitivity, as well as the most prevalent drugs involved. In addition, a personal and family history of atopic diseases was included. Analysis for associations between variables was been done through logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of drug hypersensitivity reactions was 12% (144 of 1,200). The antibiotics were the agents most related to hypersensitivity reactions (9.8%) followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1.6%). Factors associated with drug hypersensitivity were a personal history of asthma, odds ratio (OR) 3.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–6.91), maternal and paternal history of drug hypersensitivity, OR 2.33 (95% CI, 1.21–4.48) and OR 3.11 (95% CI, 1.22–7.92), respectively. Conclusion: The results of this research show that drug hypersensitivity in young adults is a highly prevalent event and it is associated with personal history of asthma and history of drug hypersensitivity in parents

Prevalencia de asma en pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía asociada a infección por SARS-CoV-2

Antecedentes: La asociación el asma con la COVID-19 continúa siendo controversial. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de asma en una muestra de pacientes con neumonía asociada COVID-19; además, describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con asma en comparación con los pacientes sin asma. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos clínicos correspondientes a120 pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía asociada a infección por SARS-CoV-2. Los pacientes con y sin asma fueron comparados en función de la gravedad de la COVID-19. Resultados: La prevalencia de asma en los pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19 fue del 3.5% (IC 95%: 1.5% a 9.6%). Al comparar la gravedad de la COVID-19 entre los pacientes con asma con los pacientes sin asma, ésta no difirió en función de los síntomas, la comorbilidad, la duración de los síntomas, la necesidad de ventilación mecánica asistida, los biomarcadores de inflamación y la ocurrencia de muerte. Los pacientes con asma y COVID-19 mostraron un fenotipo T2 alto, con pobre función respiratoria y sin uso de tratamiento regular para el control del asma. Conclusiones: No se observaron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de la ventilación mecánica asistida o de la muerte entre los pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía asociada con COVID-19 con y sin historia de asma. Palabras clave: asma; COVID-19; prevalencia; SARS-CoV-2

Subclinical endometritis and pregnancy rate in dairy cows in Mexico

En el presente estudio se determinó la prevalencia de endometritis subclínica y su efecto en la tasa de gestación en vacas lecheras en manejo intensivo. Entre los días 35 y 45 posparto se seleccionaron 237 vacas sin patologías uterinas (vacas con útero involucionado y sin secreciones vaginales anormales); a todas ellas se les tomó una muestra citológica de endometrio mediante la técnica de Cytobrush. Los frotis se procesaron con la tinción de Diff-Quick. Se contaron un total de 200 células y se determinó la proporción de células polimorfonucleares (PMN). Las vacas con ≥ 6 % de PMN se consideraron con endometritis subclínica. Cuarenta y tres por ciento (103/237) de las vacas presentó endometritis subclínica. Las vacas con puerperio patológico tuvieron mayor probabilidad de padecer endometritis subclínica que las vacas con puerperio normal (60 vs 36 %, respectivamente; razón de probabilidad= 2.69). Las vacas normales tuvieron mayor tasa de gestación en el primer servicio que la vacas con endometritis subclínica (31.4 vs 20.0 %; respectivamente; razón de probabilidad= 2.02) y la proporción de vacas gestantes en el día 120 posparto fue mayor en las vacas normales que en las vacas con endometritis subclínica (51.6 vs 37.9 %, respectivamente; razón de probabilidad= 1.98). Se concluye que la prevalencia de endometritis subclínica en vacas lecheras entre los días 35 y 45 posparto es de 43 %, lo cual disminuyó en un 11.4 % la tasa de gestación en el primer servicio y en un 13.7 % la tasa de gestación acumulada en el día 120 posparto.The present study determined the prevalence of subclinical endometritis and its effect on pregnancy rate in intensively managed dairy cows. Between d 35 and 45 postpartum, 237 cows with no uterine pathologies judged to have completed uterine involution and no abnormal vaginal secretions were selected. Endometrial cytology samples were taken from each cow using the Cytobrush technique, and smears were stained with Diff-Quick. A total of 200 sample cells were counted and the proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was estimated. Cows with ≥6 % PMN were considered to have subclinical endometritis; 43 % (103/237) of cows sampled met this criterion. Cows with pathological puerperium had a higher probability of undergoing subclinical endometritis than cows with normal puerperium (60 vs 36 %, respectively; odds ratio= 2.69). Cows not presenting subclinical endometritis had a higher pregnancy rate at first service than cows with this condition (31.4 vs 20.0 %, respectively; odds ratio= 2.02), and the percentage of pregnant cows at d 120 postpartum was higher in cows not experiencing subclinical endometritis than in cows with this condition (51.6 vs 37.9 %, respectively; odds ratio= 1.98). It concludes that 43 % of cows suffered subclinical endometritis between d 35 and 45 postpartum, which decreased pregnancy rate at first service, as well as cumulative pregnancy rate at d 120 postpartum.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Subclinical endometritis and pregnancy rate in dairy cows in Mexico

En el presente estudio se determinó la prevalencia de endometritis subclínica y su efecto en la tasa de gestación en vacas lecheras en manejo intensivo. Entre los días 35 y 45 posparto se seleccionaron 237 vacas sin patologías uterinas (vacas con útero involucionado y sin secreciones vaginales anormales); a todas ellas se les tomó una muestra citológica de endometrio mediante la técnica de Cytobrush. Los frotis se procesaron con la tinción de Diff-Quick. Se contaron un total de 200 células y se determinó la proporción de células polimorfonucleares (PMN). Las vacas con ≥ 6 % de PMN se consideraron con endometritis subclínica. Cuarenta y tres por ciento (103/237) de las vacas presentó endometritis subclínica. Las vacas con puerperio patológico tuvieron mayor probabilidad de padecer endometritis subclínica que las vacas con puerperio normal (60 vs 36 %, respectivamente; razón de probabilidad= 2.69). Las vacas normales tuvieron mayor tasa de gestación en el primer servicio que la vacas con endometritis subclínica (31.4 vs 20.0 %; respectivamente; razón de probabilidad= 2.02) y la proporción de vacas gestantes en el día 120 posparto fue mayor en las vacas normales que en las vacas con endometritis subclínica (51.6 vs 37.9 %, respectivamente; razón de probabilidad= 1.98). Se concluye que la prevalencia de endometritis subclínica en vacas lecheras entre los días 35 y 45 posparto es de 43 %, lo cual disminuyó en un 11.4 % la tasa de gestación en el primer servicio y en un 13.7 % la tasa de gestación acumulada en el día 120 posparto.The present study determined the prevalence of subclinical endometritis and its effect on pregnancy rate in intensively managed dairy cows. Between d 35 and 45 postpartum, 237 cows with no uterine pathologies judged to have completed uterine involution and no abnormal vaginal secretions were selected. Endometrial cytology samples were taken from each cow using the Cytobrush technique, and smears were stained with Diff-Quick. A total of 200 sample cells were counted and the proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was estimated. Cows with ≥6 % PMN were considered to have subclinical endometritis; 43 % (103/237) of cows sampled met this criterion. Cows with pathological puerperium had a higher probability of undergoing subclinical endometritis than cows with normal puerperium (60 vs 36 %, respectively; odds ratio= 2.69). Cows not presenting subclinical endometritis had a higher pregnancy rate at first service than cows with this condition (31.4 vs 20.0 %, respectively; odds ratio= 2.02), and the percentage of pregnant cows at d 120 postpartum was higher in cows not experiencing subclinical endometritis than in cows with this condition (51.6 vs 37.9 %, respectively; odds ratio= 1.98). It concludes that 43 % of cows suffered subclinical endometritis between d 35 and 45 postpartum, which decreased pregnancy rate at first service, as well as cumulative pregnancy rate at d 120 postpartum.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

ARIA digital anamorphosis : Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.Peer reviewe

Geolocation with respect to persona privacy for the Allergy Diary app - a MASK study

Background: Collecting data on the localization of users is a key issue for the MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel network: the Allergy Diary) App. Data anonymization is a method of sanitization for privacy. The European Commission's Article 29 Working Party stated that geolocation information is personal data. To assess geolocation using the MASK method and to compare two anonymization methods in the MASK database to find an optimal privacy method. Methods: Geolocation was studied for all people who used the Allergy Diary App from December 2015 to November 2017 and who reported medical outcomes. Two different anonymization methods have been evaluated: Noise addition (randomization) and k-anonymity (generalization). Results: Ninety-three thousand one hundred and sixteen days of VAS were collected from 8535 users and 54,500 (58. 5%) were geolocalized, corresponding to 5428 users. Noise addition was found to be less accurate than k-anonymity using MASK data to protect the users' life privacy. Discussion: k-anonymity is an acceptable method for the anonymization of MASK data and results can be used for other databases.Peer reviewe

Correlation between work impairment, scores of rhinitis severity and asthma using the MASK-air (R) App

Background In allergic rhinitis, a relevant outcome providing information on the effectiveness of interventions is needed. In MASK-air (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for work is used as a relevant outcome. This study aimed to assess the performance of the work VAS work by comparing VAS work with other VAS measurements and symptom-medication scores obtained concurrently. Methods All consecutive MASK-air users in 23 countries from 1 June 2016 to 31 October 2018 were included (14 189 users; 205 904 days). Geolocalized users self-assessed daily symptom control using the touchscreen functionality on their smart phone to click on VAS scores (ranging from 0 to 100) for overall symptoms (global), nose, eyes, asthma and work. Two symptom-medication scores were used: the modified EAACI CSMS score and the MASK control score for rhinitis. To assess data quality, the intra-individual response variability (IRV) index was calculated. Results A strong correlation was observed between VAS work and other VAS. The highest levels for correlation with VAS work and variance explained in VAS work were found with VAS global, followed by VAS nose, eye and asthma. In comparison with VAS global, the mCSMS and MASK control score showed a lower correlation with VAS work. Results are unlikely to be explained by a low quality of data arising from repeated VAS measures. Conclusions VAS work correlates with other outcomes (VAS global, nose, eye and asthma) but less well with a symptom-medication score. VAS work should be considered as a potentially useful AR outcome in intervention studies.Peer reviewe

Guidance to 2018 good practice : ARIA digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care for rhinitis and asthma

AimsMobile Airways Sentinel NetworK (MASK) belongs to the Fondation Partenariale MACVIA-LR of Montpellier, France and aims to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the life cycle, whatever their gender or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease and to improve the digital transformation of health and care. The ultimate goal is to change the management strategy in chronic diseases.MethodsMASK implements ICT technologies for individualized and predictive medicine to develop novel care pathways by a multi-disciplinary group centred around the patients.StakeholdersInclude patients, health care professionals (pharmacists and physicians), authorities, patient's associations, private and public sectors.ResultsMASK is deployed in 23 countries and 17 languages. 26,000 users have registered.EU grants (2018)MASK is participating in EU projects (POLLAR: impact of air POLLution in Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health, DigitalHealthEurope, Euriphi and Vigour).Lessons learnt(i) Adherence to treatment is the major problem of allergic disease, (ii) Self-management strategies should be considerably expanded (behavioural), (iii) Change management is essential in allergic diseases, (iv) Education strategies should be reconsidered using a patient-centred approach and (v) Lessons learnt for allergic diseases can be expanded to chronic diseases.Peer reviewe

Adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis using mobile technology. The MASK Study

Background: Mobile technology may help to better understand the adherence to treatment. MASK-rhinitis (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a patient-centred ICT system. A mobile phone app (the Allergy Diary) central to MASK is available in 22 countries. Objectives: To assess the adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis patients using the Allergy Diary App. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on all users who filled in the Allergy Diary from 1 January 2016 to 1 August 2017. Secondary adherence was assessed by using the modified Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and the Proportion of days covered (PDC) approach. Results: A total of 12143 users were registered. A total of 6949 users reported at least one VAS data recording. Among them, 1887 users reported >= 7 VAS data. About 1195 subjects were included in the analysis of adherence. One hundred and thirty-six (11.28%) users were adherent (MPR >= 70% and PDC = 70% and PDC = 1.50) and 176 (14.60%) were switchers. On the other hand, 832 (69.05%) users were non-adherent to medications (MPR Conclusion and clinical relevance: Adherence to treatment is low. The relative efficacy of continuous vs on-demand treatment for allergic rhinitis symptoms is still a matter of debate. This study shows an approach for measuring retrospective adherence based on a mobile app. This also represents a novel approach for analysing medication-taking behaviour in a real-world setting.Peer reviewe