295 research outputs found
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio
emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate
energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of
15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV
arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling
quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from
state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our
measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric
energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with
our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector
against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
Supplemental material in the ancillary file
Redução da dispnéia relacionado ao uso da solução de bicarbonato de sódio em indígenas infectados com SARS-CoV-2 no estado do Acre, Amazônia Brasileira / Dyspnea reduction related to the use of the sodium bicarbonate solution in SARS-CoV-2 infected indigenous in the state of Acre, Brazilian Amazon
INTRODUÇÃO: Em 17 de março de 2020, o estado do Acre registrou os três primeiros casos confirmados na capital Rio Branco, sendo decretado o lockdown (20 de março) como medida para evitar a disseminação do SARS-CoV-2 em municípios e aldeias indígenas. Os 3 primeiros casos notificados no alto rio Juruá no dia 4 de abril, mobilizaram toda a equipe do DSEI para o enfrentamento do COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: Dentre os sintomas que mais levam o paciente a deixar a aldeia e procurar atendimento médico em hospitais de campanha está o desconforto respiratório ou dispneia. Relatamos aqui a redução da dispneia pelo uso de nebulização com solução de bicarbonato de sódio a 3% (NaHCO3 3%), em pacientes indígenas no Estado do Acre, Amazônia Ocidental. Por conveniência, foram selecionados 20 pacientes indígenas, positivos para SARS-CoV-2, que apresentavam a dispneia, casos moderados, independentemente do sexo e idade, foram analisados. Esses pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, um tratado com a solução e o outro controle não tratado. RESULTADOS: O grupo de tratamento nebulizou com 10ml de solução de NaHCO3 a 3% por 20 minutos, a cada 6h, por 7 dias consecutivos. A saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2%) foi medida por oxímetro de pulso, antes e após cada nebulização. Para a análise dos dados paramétricos, utilizou o teste de comparação com a média entre os grupos e o teste t pareado para comparar as médias dos dependentes. Para dados não paramétricos, o teste dos postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon foi usado a um nível de significância de 0,05. Verificou-se que os dez participantes do grupo tratado com a solução relataram melhora da dispneia e aumento da SpO2% nos dias 2, 3 e 4, após nebulizações com a solução. CONCLUSÃO: Espera-se, com estes resultados, ampliar o estudo para um número maior de participantes, em diferentes condições clínicas e comorbidades, grupos etários, indígenas e não indígenas.
Prospección fitosanitaria en sistemas productivos hortícolas del cinturón verde de Córdoba (CVC).
La producción hortícola de la zona periurbana de la Ciudad de Córdoba (Cinturón Verde de
Córdoba-CVC) se encuentra en franco retroceso. Unas de sus principales limitantes son las
enfermedades y plagas, cuyo manejo adecuado y eficiente depende de la correcta identificación
del organismo causal. En un trabajo interdisciplinario e interinstitucional, se realizó un
relevamiento fitopatológico en fincas de productores fruti-hortícolas del CVC con diferentes
planteos productivos. Como resultado, se identificaron los agentes causales de las
enfermedades fúngicas y virales más frecuentes, como así también la entomofauna vinculada a
la producción hortícola en el CVC. La información sistematizada será puesta a disposición de los
productores a través de cartillas con fotos e información biológica y técnica, que constituya una
herramienta útil para la identificación y manejo adecuado de los diferentes agentes biológicos.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Pastor, Silvina Estela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Arguello Caro, Evangelina Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Di Feo, Liliana Del Valle. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Perez Grosso, Tomas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Prado, A. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Subsecretaria de Agricultura Familiar. Delegación Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Narmona, L. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Subsecretaria de Agricultura Familiar. Delegación Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Scifo, A. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Subsecretaria de Agricultura Familiar. Delegación Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Vaghi Medina, Carlos Gaston. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Serra, G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Fichetti, P. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Barbero, G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Alemandri, Vanina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Celli, Marcos Giovani. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Celli, Marcos Giovani. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Perotto, Maria Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Pardina, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Zanini, Andrea Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zanini, Andrea Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Trucco, Veronica Milagros. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Nome Docampo, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Dal Zotto, Angelica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Benitez, Roger Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia De Extensión Rural Córdoba; Argentin
Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
Child growth failure (CGF), manifested as stunting, wasting, and underweight, is associated with high 5 mortality and increased risks of cognitive, physical, and metabolic impairments. Children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the highest levels of CGF globally. Here we illustrate national and subnational variation of under-5 CGF indicators across LMICs, providing 2000–2017 annual estimates mapped at a high spatial resolution and aggregated to policy-relevant administrative units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the World Health 10 Organization’s ambitious Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and rates of progress exist across regions, countries, and within countries; our maps identify areas where high prevalence persists even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where subnational disparities exist and the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning locally 15 tailored interventions and efficient directing of resources to accelerate progress in reducing CGF and its health implications
Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities
Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC
Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe
Multiple Scenario Generation of Subsurface Models:Consistent Integration of Information from Geophysical and Geological Data throuh Combination of Probabilistic Inverse Problem Theory and Geostatistics
Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming \u3c4 neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in 3c 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an E\u3bd-2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0
7 1017 eV -2.5
7 1019 eV is E2 dN\u3bd/dE\u3bd < 4.4
7 10-9 GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1, placing strong constraints on several models of neutrino production at EeV energies and on the properties of the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
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