Wire coating analysis with Oldroyd 8-constant fluid by Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method

AbstractIn this study the wire coating in a pressure type die with the bath of Oldroyd 8-constant fluid with pressure gradient is investigated. The non-linear ordinary differential equation in dimensionless form is obtained, which is solved for the velocity profile using the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The effect of Dilatant constant α, the Psendoplastic constant β, and the pressure gradient on velocity distribution and shear stress is studied. Shear stress is examined under the effect of the viscosity parameter η0. Moreover, the volume flow rate and average velocity is carefully studied with changing the domain (thickness) of the polymer and varying the parameter α,β and the pressure gradient

High-Dielectric PVP@PANI/PDMS Composites Fabricated via an Electric Field-Assisted Approach

Polymer-based composite films with multiple properties, such as low dielectric loss tangent, high dielectric constant, and low cost are promising materials in the area of electronics and electric industries. In this study, flexible dielectric films were fabricated via an electric field-assisted method. Polyaniline (PANI) was modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to form a core–shell structure to serve as functional particles and silicone rubber polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) served as the matrix. The dielectric constant of the composites prepared under electric fields was improved by the micro-structures formed by external electric fields. With the addition of 2.5 wt% PVP@PANI, the dielectric constant could be significantly enhanced, up to 23; the dielectric loss tangent is only 1, which is lower than that of the aligned PANI samples. This new processing technology provides important insights for aligning fillers in polymer matrix to form composites with enhanced dielectric properties

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Stokes flow through a slit with periodic reabsorption: An application to renal tubule

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the Stokes flow of an incompressible viscous fluid through a slit with periodic reabsorption at the walls. The momentum equation for the two dimensional flow is exactly solved in terms of stream function for two different cases of boundary conditions. Dimensional forms of stream function, velocity components, axial flow rate, pressure distribution, mean pressure drop, wall shear stress, fractional reabsorption and leakage flux are obtained. The points of maximum velocity components are also identified for fixed axial distance. Using physiological data of rat kidney, the theoretical values of periodic reabsorption and pressure drop for various values of fractional reabsorption are tabulated. The graphs of flow properties for both the cases are compared with the case of uniform reabsorption. It is shown that the periodic reabsorption parameter for both the cases plays a vital role in altering the flow properties, which are useful in analyzing flow behavior during the reabsorption of glomerular filtrate through a renal tubule in normal and diseased conditions. It is found that 50% reabsorption of fluid from a single nephron can be achieved by setting α=3.197500134cm for one of the cases which indicates that there is a need of artificial kidney for survival. In case 2, a minor treatment is needed as the value of α for 80% reabsorption is not possible. Streamlines are also drawn to analyze the flow behavior through an abnormal renal tubule

Analysis of Stokes flow through periodic permeable tubules

This article reports the detailed analysis of the Stokes flow through permeable tubes. The objective of this investigation was to search for exact solutions to the Stokes flow and thereby observe the effects on radial flow component, provided the permeability on the tubular surface is an elementary trigonometric function. Mathematical expressions for the pressure distribution, velocity components, volume flux, average wall shear stress and leakage flux are presented explicitly. Graphical analysis of the fluid flow is presented for a set of parametric values. Important conclusions are drawn for Stokes flow through tubes with low as well as high permeability. The classical Poiseuille flow is presented as a limiting case of this immense study of Stokes flow

The biochemical composition of Enteromorpha spp. from the Gulf of Gdańsk coast on the southern Baltic Sea

Variations in lipid, protein and carbohydrate contents of Enteromorpha spp. were examined over a seven-month period from April to October 1993. The samples were collected from seven sampling stations along the Gulf of Gdańsk coast. The lipid content was low and varied slightly from 3.47±1.76% of DW at Puck to 4.36±2.17% of DW at Rewa and Chałupy. The protein content varied from 9.42±4.62% of DW at Puck to 20.60±5.00% of DW at Jurata. At the remaining stations the values vary over a narrow range. The maximum protein contents were recorded at the beginning and end of the growing season. The level of carbohydrate was very high compared to that of lipid and protein and varied from 29.09±6.44% of DW at Osłonino to 39.81±11.15% of DW at Puck. Seasonal carbohydrate changes were noted at all sampling stations, the minimum occurring in spring and autumn and the maximum in summer