Lipoedema and varicose vein surgery: a worse prognosis?

The case of a 22-year-old patient who suffered from lipoedema of the lower limbs and underwent aesthetic surgery for varicose veins is reported. After surgery the patient started to present a sensation of heaviness, oedema and tiredness of the limbs. It was observed that the haematomas took about eight months to disappear. The diameter of the legs increased by 4 centimetres in this period. The aim of this publication is to warn about this happening in patients suffering from lipoedema who are then submitted to varicose vein surgery.The case of a 22-year-old patient who suffered from lipoedema of the lower limbs and underwent aesthetic surgery for varicose veins is reported. After surgery the patient started to present a sensation of heaviness, oedema and tiredness of the limbs. It was observed that the haematomas took about eight months to disappear. The diameter of the legs increased by 4 centimetres in this period. The aim of this publication is to warn about this happening in patients suffering from lipoedema who are then submitted to varicose vein surgery

Analysis of sitting, crawling and walking acquisition of a preterm infants group

Nos primeiros anos de vida a criança passa pelo período mais crítico do desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e vários fatores podem interferir nesse processo, dentre eles e prematuridade. O bebê pré-termo apresenta características que o difere do a termo devido à imaturidade do seu SNC; por isso a importância de acompanhar o seu desenvolvimento, afim de identificar características específicas dessa população e possibilitar a intervenção precoce quando necessária. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o período de aquisição do sentar, engatinhar e andar de um grupo de crianças pré-termo e compará-lo com a aquisição de bebês a termo apresentada na Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta.In the first years of life the infant goes through the most critic period of its central nervous system´s (CNS) development and many factors may interfere in this process, among them, the prematurity. The preterm baby shows  characteristics that differ it from the full-term because of its CNS´s immaturity; that´s why the importance to follow its development in order to identify specific characteristics of this population and to enable an early intervention when it is necessary. This study (or research) had as goals to analyze the period of sitting, crawling and walking acquisition of a preterm infants group and to compare them with the full-term infants acquisition presented in Alberta Infant Motor Scale

Kaurenoic Acid Possesses Leishmanicidal Activity by Triggering a NLRP12/IL-1β/cNOS/NO Pathway

Leishmania amazonensis (L. amazonensis) infection can cause severe local and diffuse injuries in humans, a condition clinically known as American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Currently, the therapeutic approach for ACL is based on Glucantime, which shows high toxicity and poor effectiveness. Therefore, ACL remains a neglected disease with limited options for treatment. Herein, the in vitro antiprotozoal effect and mechanisms of the diterpene kaurenoic acid [ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid] (KA) against L. amazonensis were investigated. KA exhibited a direct antileishmanial effect on L. amazonensis promastigotes. Importantly, KA also reduced the intracellular number of amastigote forms and percentage of infected peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. Mechanistically, KA treatment reestablished the production of nitric oxide (NO) in a constitutive NO synthase- (cNOS-) dependent manner, subverting the NO-depleting escape mechanism of L. amazonensis. Furthermore, KA induced increased production of IL-1β and expression of the inflammasome-activating component NLRP12. These findings demonstrate the leishmanicidal capability of KA against L. amazonensis in macrophage culture by triggering a NLRP12/IL-1β/cNOS/NO mechanism

Kaurenoic Acid Possesses Leishmanicidal Activity by Triggering a NLRP12/IL-1 /cNOS/NO Pathway

Leishmania amazonensis (L. amazonensis) infection can cause severe local and diffuse injuries in humans, a condition clinically known as American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Currently, the therapeutic approach for ACL is based on Glucantime, which shows high toxicity and poor effectiveness. Therefore, ACL remains a neglected disease with limited options for treatment. Herein, the in vitro antiprotozoal effect and mechanisms of the diterpene kaurenoic acid [ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid] (KA) against L. amazonensis were investigated. KA exhibited a direct antileishmanial effect on L. amazonensis promastigotes. Importantly, KA also reduced the intracellular number of amastigote forms and percentage of infected peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. Mechanistically, KA treatment reestablished the production of nitric oxide (NO) in a constitutive NO synthase-(cNOS-) dependent manner, subverting the NO-depleting escape mechanism of L. amazonensis. Furthermore, KA induced increased production of IL-1 and expression of the inflammasome-activating component NLRP12. These findings demonstrate the leishmanicidal capability of KA against L. amazonensis in macrophage culture by triggering a NLRP12/IL-1 /cNOS/NO mechanism

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies

International audienceThe classical model of hematopoiesis established in the mouse postulates that lymphoid cells originate from a founder population of common lymphoid progenitors. Here, using a modeling approach in humanized mice, we showed that human lymphoid development stemmed from distinct populations of CD127(-) and CD127(+) early lymphoid progenitors (ELPs). Combining molecular analyses with in vitro and in vivo functional assays, we demonstrated that CD127(-) and CD127(+) ELPs emerged independently from lympho-mono-dendritic progenitors, responded differently to Notch1 signals, underwent divergent modes of lineage restriction, and displayed both common and specific differentiation potentials. Whereas CD127(-) ELPs comprised precursors of T cells, marginal zone B cells, and natural killer (NK) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), CD127(+) ELPs supported production of all NK cell, ILC, and B cell populations but lacked T potential. On the basis of these results, we propose a "two-family" model of human lymphoid development that differs from the prevailing model of hematopoiesis