A Family Literacy Approach In A Second Grade Classroom

The research question addressed in this project was, how does a family literacy approach affect students reading comprehension growth in a second grade classroom? It documents one teacher’s creation of a before and after school family literacy program. The family literacy program focused on teaching students and families explicit reading comprehension strategies that were being used in the classroom. The author documents the research analyzed that led to the creation of a family literacy program based on the parent involvement family literacy model. The author describes the implementation of the program and concludes that: 1) using a family literacy approach had no effect on reading comprehension growth based on the small sample size and the inability to regulate outlier scores; 2) further study is needed; 3) positive parent-teacher relationships were fostered

The Pan American (1995-10-26)

https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/panamerican/1373/thumbnail.jp

Achieving Meaningful Civil Tax Penalty Reform and Making It Stick

This essay examines the historical use of penalties within the tax code, reviews a number of reports that led to the last round of significant penalty reform legislation, and considers existing problems of penalty administration. Several proposals are outlined to ensure that if and when Congress acts to simplify and revise the penalty regime, the reforms will have lasting impact. Part II covers the growth of penalties in the tax system from its original simple form through its significant expansion to the time that the IRS and Congress worked to cut back the complexity of the civil tax penalty regime in the late 1980s. Part III considers how legislative actions over the past decade have created new penalties that stand out from the outlined policy goals of the IRS Task Force, and the resulting negative impact on administering the tax code. Part IV looks at possible reforms to the penalty system that would institute measures to help constrain penalties from drifting from defined policy goals

The Effects of Processed Wheys and Sodium Caseinate on Composition and Consumer Acceptance of Ice Cream

Ice cream dates back to before the Roman Empire (6), and since has remained a world favorite. In the U.S., consumption of ice cream has been about 8.3 kg per capita per year since 1950 (58). In 1950, the frozen dessert industry used approximately 5.9% of the milk supply; however in 1977 this had increased to 9.4% (58). This represents a sizable portion of the U.S. dairy industry, which in 1978 used 6.2 million metric tons of milk equivalents to produce 4.6 billion liters of frozen desserts, including 3.1 billion liters of ice cream (2). Today, the ice cream industry is largely concerned with ingredient costs, such as milk solids, sugar, milkfat, etc., and possibly losing ice cream\u27s reputation as a nutritious and natural product (30). With the increased cost of nonfat dry milk (NFDM) from $0.44/per kg to$1.72/per kg over the last ten years, the ice cream manufacturer is looking for a less costly source of milk solids nonfat (MSNF). There have been many new products developed which are suitable for incorporation into dairy products and other foods. Currently, whey has become available in greater quantities with improved quality and flavor (80). With the cost of dry whole whey one third that of NFDM (5), there has been great interest in the increased usage of this milk solids source as a replacement for NFDM. The use of whey as a NFDM replacer provides a new opportunity for the ice cream industry to reduce production costs and reduce the pollution of our waterways. The increased eutrophication from dumping whey into lakes, rivers and streams has caused losses of fish and wildlife (48, 53, 55). This fact and increased pressure from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has caused the dairy industry to promote whey as a possible replacement of NFDM. This concern over whey utilization has promoted the development of new processing methods resulting in better quality dry products having increased application and nutritional value (17, 26, 48). Today whey solids, such as delactosed protein concentrates, demineralized dry whey and lactose hydrolyzed whey products, are no longer mere by-products of the cheese industry, but are nutritious protein sources. The Federal Standards of Identity (FSID) state that ice cream must contain at least 10% milk fat and at least 20% milk solids, of which whey can replace up to 25% of the MSNF in the ice cream (6). The economic advantages and availability ·of whey prompted the International Association of Ice Cream Manufacturers (IAICM) on April 12, 1977 to request from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a change in the FSID on ice cream (22). Under the proposed standards substitution of any safe and suitable ingredient would be allowed if a minimum of 2.7% protein was maintained in the final product (22). This would allow the use of other dairy derived ingredients as MSNF sources in ice cream. However, in July, 1977, the proposed standards were rejected by the FDA (23). Since then the question has been reopened many times without a revocation of the July, 1977 decision being the result (24, 25). FDA\u27s major concern and reason for rejection was that with some formulations of ice cream mix the\nutritional quality may suffer (24, 25). The objective of this research was to determine the feasibility of using substitute milk derived ingredients as replacements for NFDM as milk solids in ice cream. Ingredients used were dried whey and casein derivatives. Ice creams made from these ingredients were analyzed for composition and flavor. Samples of these ice creams were also evaluated by a consumer group consisting of randomly selected families from Brookings

Redefining individual and collective identities in Argentina using music censorship as a tool enforce power on culture during the military dictatorship of 1976

The military dictatorship of 1976 in Argentina used authoritarian qualities to portray acts of cruelty and control. The military run government was known worldwide for the large number of disappearances and deaths that impacted the population and created spaces of cultural transformation. Individually and collectively identities faced a certain form of makeover that can be understood through the imposition of music censorship used as a tool by the military dictatorship to enforce power. The further description of this connection will be intertwined in the relationship found between identity, music censorship, power and social movements.En 1976 Argentina enfrentó una dictadura militar caracterizada por tendencias autoritarias que se manifestaron en hechos control y tortura. El impacto que tuvieron estos hechos inhumanos crearon lazos fuertes entre la población que buscaba escapar en lo posible del temor que vivían debido al gran número de desaparecidos y muertos. De forma individual y colectiva las identidades fueron readaptadas debido a distintos actos como la censura de música utilizada como herramienta del gobierno para imponer su poder. Será importante buscar la relación entre identidad, censura de música, poder y movimientos sociales para lograr comprender el impacto que tuvo el la dictadura militar