Are the Labour Market Benefits to Schooling Different for Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal People

It is well documented that Aboriginal people generally have lower levels of educational attainment than other groups in Canada, but little is known about the reasons behind this gap. This study is the first of two by the same author investigating the issue in detail. This initial paper focuses on one potential reason for differences in educational attainment between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals: the possibility that Aboriginal individuals reap fewer labour market benefits from additional schooling than do their non-Aboriginal counterparts. The results of this analysis, which is based on the 2006 Census of Population, show that additional schooling is generally associated with a larger decline in the probability of being unemployed for Aboriginal people compared to non-Aboriginal people. In terms of wages and salaries, additional schooling generally yields about the same benefits for both groups. The results hold whether Aboriginal people live off-reserve, on-reserve, or in northern communities. There is also no evidence that Aboriginal people who eventually choose to pursue further education following high school are a more select group than their non-Aboriginal counterparts in terms of academic performance; this suggests that the results in this study are not likely to be explained by self-selection. Furthermore, there is little evidence that perceptions of the benefits to schooling are any different for Aboriginal youth than for non-Aboriginal youth. These findings suggest that the labour market benefits to schooling are not likely to be a factor behind the lower levels of educational attainment among Aboriginal people.Educational attainment, Labour market outcomes, Aboriginal

Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers: Canadian Evidence from a Large Administrative Database on Firm Closures and Mass Layoffs

Using Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker File, we document short-term and long-term earnings losses for a large (10%) sample of Canadian workers who lost their job through firm closures or mass layoffs during the late 1980s and the 1990s. Our use of a nationally representative sample allows us to examine how earnings losses vary across age groups, gender, industries and firms of different sizes. Furthermore, we conduct separate analyses for workers displaced only through firm closures and for a broader sample displaced either through firm closures or mass layoffs. Our main finding is that while the long-term earnings losses experienced on average by workers who are displaced through firm closures or mass layoffs are important, those experienced by displaced workers with considerable seniority appear to be even more substantial. Consistent with findings from the United States by Jacobson, Lalonde and Sullivan (1993), high-seniority displaced men experience long-term earnings losses that represent between 18% and 35% of their pre-displacement earnings. For their female counterparts, the corresponding estimates vary between 24% and 35%.Layoffs; Job Losses; Employment; Worker Displacement; Earnings Losses

La responsabilité civile des professionnels réunis en société de droit ou de fait

The rules of partnership are not without incidence upon the delictual and contractual responsibility of professionals practicing in common. The influence of such rules are here examined in relation, first of all, to the number of partners that can be personally held liable for professional faults committed by one or several members of the group and, finally, to the extent of their liability in such case

La propriété fiduciaire

If we disregard the taxation consequences resulting from the trust, when this institution is considered in its civil law foundation, it may be defined as a means of ownership whereby the owner does not have the right of enjoyment in his or her area of authority. This aspect allows distinguishing trust from substitution. The fact that a trust is a means and not a segmentation of ownership establishes the difference between trust and usufruct

De l'emphytéose au louage ordinaire par la voie mal éclairée du doute

Restrictions upon the emphyteutic holder's rights that are contrary to article 569 C.c. are sufficient justification for depriving a transaction of its emphyteutic character. However it is erroneous, upon rendering such a decision, to pretend that emphyteusis carries with it alienation of property and that a contract so qualified by parties must be considered as an ordinary lease if any doubts arise as to the real nature of the agreement