Desarrollando la oralidad en ingles a través de clubes conversacionales para los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa 29 de Noviembre.

El siguiente documento contiene información principalmente enfocada al desarrollo de la oralidad en inglés de acuerdo a las necesidades de los estudiantes de la institución educativa 29 de noviembre, la cual presentó dificultades con el manejo de la referida habilidad. Esta propuesta pedagógica busca fortalecer y mejorar la forma en que los estudiantes expresan sus ideas en el idioma inglés, logrando así un mejor acercamiento a las metas de la institución de querer brindar un nivel de inglés a los estudiantes que forman parte de la misma. Todas las actividades a continuación están enfocadas a ayudar al desarrollo de la oralidad en los alumnos del IE el 29 de noviembre, ya que se evidenció que estos alumnos tienen dificultades para expresar dificultades para comprender y expresar sus ideas en la lengua inglesa como tal, Por ello, este trabajo busca implementar estrategias que Acelerar y reforzar las habilidades de conversación de los estudiantes antes mencionados para que puedan dominar esta habilidad de manera efectiva y fluida. En el mismo documento se enfoca no solo en el proceso de transmitir ideas correctamente sino también en comprender las ideas de una manera. Se implementaron diferentes actividades y diferentes metodologías con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes ya que las estrategias previamente implementadas en EI no se acomodaban a su forma de aprendizaje, por lo que se utilizaron nuevas metodologías que permitieron lograr un cambio significativo en los estudiantes de la institución.The following document contains information mainly and focused on the development of orality in English according to the needs of the students of the educational institution November 29, which presented difficulties with the management of the aforementioned skill. This pedagogical proposal seeks to strengthen and improve the way in which students express their ideas in the English language, thus achieving a better approach to the goals of the institution of wanting to provide a level of English to the students who are part of it. All the activities below are focused on helping the development of orality in IE students November 29, since it was evidenced that these students have difficulties expressing difficulties to understand and express their ideas in the English language as such, therefore This work seeks to implement strategies that accelerate and reinforce the conversational skills of the aforementioned students so that they can master this skill effectively and fluently. In the same document he focuses not only on the process of transmitting ideas correctly but also on understanding ideas in a way. Different activities and different methodologies were implemented in order to meet the needs of the students since the strategies previously implemented in EI did not accommodate their way of learning, therefore, new methodologies were used that allowed achieving a significant change in the institution students

Higher levels of secretory IgA are associated with low disease activity index in patients with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis

Introduction: Both reactive arthritis (ReA) and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (uSpA) belong to the group of autoinflammatory diseases called spondyloarthritis (SpA). Hypotheses have been proposed about a relationship between the intestinal mucosa and inflammation of joint tissues. The role of immunoglobulin IgA or secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the inflammatory and/or clinical activity of patients with SpA remains poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the status of total IgA and SIgA, and the association among the levels of SIgA, IgA, IgA anti-Chlamydia trachomatis, and anti-Shigella spp. with the disease activity measures, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, was compared in a cohort of patients with ReA and uSpA and healthy subjects. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The serum concentrations of SIgA, IgA anti-C. trachomatis, anti-Shigella spp., and total IgA were measured. Disease activity was measured in each patient by means of Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). Statistical analysis did include as bivariate evaluation, comparisons by Student’s t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and U Mann–Whitney test, with a multivariate evaluation by principal components analysis (PCA). A correlation analysis was carried out using the Pearson correlation coefficient and a linear regression models. All analysis were made using Stata version 11.2® for Windows, R V3.3.21. Statistical significance was defined a p-value <0.05. Results: In all, 46 patients (78.2% men; mean age, 34.8 ± 12.3 years) and 53 controls (41% men; mean age, 32 ± 11.4 years) were included in the study. The mean serum levels of SIgA were higher in SpA patients than in healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Only SIgA levels correlated with disease activity: BASDAI (r = −0.42, p = 0.0046), ASDAS-CRP (r = −0.37, p = 0.014), and ASDAS-ESR (r = −0.45, p = 0.0021). The negative correlation between SIgA and all activity indices was higher in HLA-B27-positive patients (BASDAI r = −0.70, p = 0.0009, ASDAS-CRP r = −0.58, p = 0.0093, and ASDAS-ESR r = −0.57, p = 0.0083). The PCA showed three factors: the first component was constituted by variables referred as clinical activity measures, the second did include the serological activity markers, and the last component was compounded by age and symptoms time. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of SIgA were found to be related with low disease activity in patients with ReA and uSpA

Crecimiento de plantas de Cedrela odorata L., Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G. Nicholson yTabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. con fertilización sintética y biológica

Objective: The objective was to assess the growth and accumulation of biomass in seedlings of three forest species Cedrela odorata, Tabebuia chrysantha (Threatened species) and T. rosea, under bio-based and synthetic fertilization, as well as their rhizosphere effect. Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized design with four replications was established and three treatments were evaluated for each forest species: T1, mycorrhizae based biofertilizer; T2, biofertilizer based on Azospirillum sp.; T3, synthetic slow release fertilizer, using from week one to four the commercial starter formula 10-15-5, applying 50ppm / plant; while from week 10 to 12, 100 ppm / plant of Nitro 30-0-0 were used, with their corresponding control. The growth variable was measured by height in a ten-day interval and the biomass accumulated at 12 weeks was estimated. Finally, rhizospheric soil samples were taken from each treatment, by species and free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria (FLNB) in Congo red agar. Results: The biofertilizer based on Azospirillum sp. improved plant growth and microbiological quality of the rhizospheric soil of Cedrela odorata and Tabebuia rosea; while with T. chrysantha, no statistical differences were found between the different types of fertilization. FLNB growth was favored by biofertilizers. Limitations on study/implications: The study lasted only three months, so it is suggested to analyze long-term variables, as well as their response in the field. Findings/conclusions: Biofertilization can be an alternative for the growth of forest species such as Cedrela odorata and Tabebuia rosea.Objetivo: El objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento y la acumulación de biomasa en plántulas de Cedrela odorata, Tabebuia chrysantha (especie amenazada) y T. rosea, utilizando fertilizantes sintéticos y basados en microorganismos, así como su efecto rizosférico. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Se estableció un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro réplicas, evaluando tres tratamientos y un control a plántulas de tres especies forestales: T1, biofertilizante con micorrizas; T2, biofertilizante a base de Azospirillum sp.; T3, fertilizante de liberación lenta, usando de la semana uno a la cuatro la fórmula comercial de arranque 10-15-5, aplicando 50ppm/planta; mientras que la semana 10 a la 12, se utilizaron 100ppm/planta de Nitro® 30-0-0, con sus correspondientes controles. La variable de respuesta (crecimiento), se midió la altura cada diez días y se estimó la biomasa acumulada a las 12 semanas. Para finalizar se tomaron muestras de suelo rizosférico de cada tratamiento, por especie y se cultivaron Bacterias Fijadoras de Nitrógeno de Vida Libre (BFNVL) en agar rojo Congo. Resultados: El biofertilizante con Azospirillum sp. fue el tratamiento que mejoró el crecimiento de las plántulas y la calidad microbiológica del suelo rizosférico de Cedrela odorata y Tabebuia rosea; mientras que con T. chrysantha, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los diferentes tipos de fertilización. El crecimiento de BFNVL fue favorecido por los biofertizantes. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El estudio duró tres meses, por ello se sugiere analizar estas variables a largo plazo y su respuesta en campo. Hallazgos/conclusiones: La biofertilización puede ser una alternativa para el crecimiento de especies forestales como Cedrela odorata y Tabebuia rosea

Trait-based approaches to analyze links between the drivers of change and ecosystem services: Synthesizing existing evidence and future challenges

Understanding the responses of biodiversity to drivers of change and the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem properties and ecosystem services is a key challenge in the context of global environmental change. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature linking direct drivers of change and ecosystem services via functional traits of three taxonomic groups (vegetation, invertebrates, and vertebrates) to: (1) uncover trends and research biases in this field; and (2) synthesize existing empirical evidence. Our results show the existence of important biases in published studies related to ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, direct drivers of change, ecosystem services, geographical range, and the spatial scale of analysis. We found multiple evidence of links between drivers and services mediated by functional traits, particularly between land-use changes and regulating services in vegetation and invertebrates. Seventy-five functional traits were recorded in our sample. However, few of these functional traits were repeatedly found to be associated with both the species responses to direct drivers of change (response traits) and the species effects on the provision of ecosystem services (effect traits). Our results highlight the existence of potential “key functional traits,” understood as those that have the capacity to influence the provision of multiple ecosystem services, while responding to specific drivers of change, across a variety of systems and organisms. Identifying “key functional traits” would help to develop robust indicator systems to monitor changes in biodiversity and their effects on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services supplyFinancial support was received from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CGL2014-53782-P). MGL was funded by a postdoctoral grant from the Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), which is cofounded by the European Social Fun

Prevalence and prognosis of anxiety, insomnia, and type D personality in patients with myocardial infarction: A Spanish cohort

Background: It has been suggested that patients with myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) have more psycho-emotional disorders than patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (MICAD). The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, and type D personality between MINOCA and MICAD and their impact on prognosis. Methods: Patients with myocardial infarction undergoing coronary angiography were prospectively enrolled. Psychological questionnaires were completed by each patient during admission. Results: Among a total of 533 patients, 56 had MINOCA and 477 had MICAD. There were no differences in the prevalence of anxiety and insomnia between both groups: trait anxiety median value (M) MINOCA = 18 (11–34) vs. MICAD M = 19 (12–27), p = 0.8; state anxiety MINOCA M = 19 (11–29) vs. MICAD M = 19 (12.2–26), p = 0.6; and insomnia MINOCA M = 7 (3–11) vs. MICAD M = 7 (3–12), p = 0.95. More MINOCA patients had type D personality (45.0% vs. 28.5%, p = 0.03). At 3-year follow-up, there were no differences in mortality between MINOCA and MICAD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28–2.17) in major adverse cerebral or cardiovascular events (MACCE) (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.38–1.31). Scores of trait anxiety and negative affectivity were significantly associated with MACCE (HR 1.65, 95% CI [1.05–2.57]; HR 1.75, 95% CI [1.11–2.77], respectively). High insomnia levels were associated with greater mortality (HR 2.72, 95% CI [1.12–6.61]). Conclusions: Anxiety and insomnia levels were similar between patients with MINOCA and those with MICAD, whilst the prevalence of type D personality was higher in the MINOCA than in the MICAD group. Higher scores in trait anxiety, insomnia, and negative affectivity were related to a worse prognosis at 3-year follow-up

Aportaciones a los estudios económico-administrativos. Reflexiones teóricas y evidencias empíricas

La economía y la administración están inmersas en el universo de las ciencias sociales, áreas del conocimiento que comprenden dominios diferentes, pero también convergen y se intersectan en un objeto de estudio: las organizacienones y sus agregados (industrias o sectores). Desde una perspectiva social, los estudios económico-administrativos informan sobre cómo hacer eficientes a las organizaciones y competitivos a los sectores con la finalidad de impactar positivamente en la justicia social (por ejemplo: mediante productos de mejor calidad a mejores precios). El auge de este tipo de estudios está extendido a fenómenos clave en el mundo de hoy, tales como: la ventaja competitiva, la innovación, la administración de la cadena de suministros y la administración verde, entre otros.El objetivo de este libro es difundir las aportaciones hechas a los estudios económico-administrativos, ya sea como reflexiones teóricas o a modo de evidencia empírica, pues la conjunción de varias ciencias ayuda a comprender fenómenos complejos mejor que una disciplina en forma aislada. Más que la homogeneidad de teorías o hegemonía de unas sobre otras, la investigación interdisciplinaria construye un acercamiento a la diversidad de puntos de vista: se buscan factores, métodos o lenguajes comunes alrededor de un objeto de estudio (Fernández, 2009; Martínez, 1997), llegándose a conformar una comunidad científica con antecedentes disciplinarios diferentes, pero con cierta unidad, relaciones y acciones recíprocas (Kuhn, 1995). Así, en este texto el objeto de estudio es el funcionamiento e interacción de las organizaciones, como integrantes de los sectores económicos, en los mercados locales y globales. La comunidad científica está conformada por investigadores y egresados del Doctorado en Ciencias Económico-Administrativas, el cual nace en 2006 en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, a cargo de la Dependencia de Educación Superior (DES) Económico-Administrativa

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality