Revista Agro Productividad
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    1940 research outputs found

    Innovation and development of a new snack based on blue corn and grasshopper.

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    Objective: Develop a similar snack to marzipan, with higher nutritional quality by adding protein to provide a healthy consumption alternative. Design/methodology/approach: A snack made from blue corn flour, grasshopper, agave honey and cocoa was elaborated. The proportions of the aforementioned ingredients were modified in four different formulations. Acceptance tests were conducted with 140 individuals to determine the formulation with the highest degree of approval and laboratory tests were carried out to determine its nutritional quality. Results: In this research it was possible to develop an innovative nutritional product such as marzipan containing protein, which had a 72% acceptance rate by the participants in the sensorial test. Furthermore, it was managed to use a carbohydrate source from blue corn, which is low on the glycemic index. On the other hand, an attractive packaging design was proposed to capture the consumer's attention, so not only a nutritious snack was developed, but also a marketing package was proposed for its commercialization. Limitations on study/implications: During the development of this product, no preservatives were used, therefore the shelf life for this product is shorter if no preservatives are added. Findings/conclusions: A considered functional snack was successfully developed which also has great potential for becoming a distinguished quality product since it is made with local ingredients from the region or country.  The product was well accepted; besides it was suggested a packaging for its preservation and distribution.bjective: Develop a similar snack to marzipan, with higher nutritional quality by adding protein to provide a healthy consumption alternative. Design/methodology/approach: A snack made from blue corn flour, grasshopper, agave honey and cocoa was elaborated. The proportions of the aforementioned ingredients were modified in four different formulations. Acceptance tests were conducted with 140 individuals to determine the formulation with the highest degree of approval and laboratory tests were carried out to determine its nutritional quality. Results: In this research it was possible to develop an innovative nutritional product such as marzipan containing protein, which had a 72% acceptance rate by the participants in the sensorial test. Furthermore, it was managed to use a carbohydrate source from blue corn, which is low on the glycemic index. On the other hand, an attractive packaging design was proposed to capture the consumer's attention, so not only a nutritious snack was developed, but also a marketing package was proposed for its commercialization. Limitations on study/implications: During the development of this product, no preservatives were used, therefore the shelf life for this product is shorter if no preservatives are added. Findings/conclusions: A considered functional snack was successfully developed which also has great potential for becoming a distinguished quality product since it is made with local ingredients from the region or country.  The product was well accepted; besides it was suggested a packaging for its preservation and distribution

    Production and quality of meat from hair sheep grazing on Tanzania grass and supplemented with different protein levels

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    Objective: To evaluate the effect of a supplementary feeding (with different crude protein (CP) levels) in the yield and growth performance and meat characteristics of hair lambs grazed on Tanzania grass. Design/Methodology/Approach: A 120-d-1 experiment was conducted; it included four treatments and seven replications in a completely randomized design. Twenty-eight hair lambs (22.6 ± 1.6 kg LW) were allowed to graze on Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) and were provided concentrate feeds (with 10, 12, 14, and 16% crude protein). The aim was to assess the effects of the latter food on growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Results: Compared with the lambs fed with 10, 12, and 14% CP, the heaviest carcasses (P<0.05) were obtained from lambs fed with 16% CP. The percentage of crude protein and fat of the biceps femoris linearly increased (P<0.05) as the CP percentage increased in the concentrate feed. Meat color, water retention capacity, and cutting force were not impacted by the CP percentage of the concentrate feeds. Compared with the lambs fed with 10, 12, and 14%, the lowest palmitic acid percentage and the highest oleic acid percentage were found in the meat of lambs fed with 16% CP. Study Limitations/Implications: A high area was selected to avoid excessive rain. Findings/Conclusions: Compared with the lambs fed with 10, 12, and 14% CP, the lambs grazed on Tanzania grass and supplemented with 16% CP grew more, recorded a higher carcass yield, and their meat had a better unsaturated fatty acids ratio

    Biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith and Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons Walker using entomopathogenic fungi

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    ctive: Evaluate the biological effectiveness of native entomopathogenic fungi to control Spodoptera frugiperda and Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons, as well as the natural incidence of parasitoids in S. frugiperda. Design/Methodology/Approach: Six strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6) and three strains of Isaria fumosorosea (B4, B5, and B6) were collected. S. frugiperda larvae were inoculated with all the isolated strains of Metarhizium and Isaria; while, the nymphs of S. p. piceifrons were inoculated with strains A1, A5, A6, B4, and B5. Mortality (%) and natural incidence of parasitoids in S. frugiperda larvae were evaluated. Mortality was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and a comparison of means (Duncan; ɑ = 0.05) in the INFOSTAT 2021 software. Parasitism was reported with descriptive statistics (%). Results: Strains A1, A6, and B6 caused the highest mortality (86.6-90.0 %) in S. frugiperda larvae. Strains A1, A5, A6, and B6 caused the highest mortality in nymphs of S. p. piceifrons (90-100 %). Two families of parasitoids were recorded: Tachinidae (Diptera; 7.8 %) and Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Wasps of the genus Meteorus sp. account for 92.2 % of the latter family. Study Limitations/Implications: The biological effectiveness evaluations of the entomopathogenic fungi were carried out under laboratory conditions. The results must still be validated on the field. Findings/Conclusions: Strains A1, A5, and A6 showed a good control of the S. p. piceifrons nymphs. Strain B6 is a biological control alternative for S. p. piceifrons and S. frugiperda, since it recorded the highest mortality for both species

    Dry matter distribution of banderita grass [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] at different plant strata

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    Objective: To evaluate the dry matter distribution of banderita grass [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] in different plant strata. Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized block experimental design with five repetitions was used for the experiment. Each repetition consisted of three plants which were evaluated at different days after sowing (DAS), in three different plant strata: basal stratum (BS), middle stratum (MS), and upper or apical stratum (AS). The following variables were evaluated: dry matter yield (DMY), morphological composition (MC), leaf area (LA), plant height (PH), leaf:stem ratio (L:SR), and aerial part:root ratio (Ap:rR). An analysis of variance was performed, using the PROC GLM procedure of the SAS software; in addition, a comparison of means was carried out using Tukey’s test (α<0.05). Results: SB made a greater contribution to DMY at 50 DAS, with a 16 g DMY plant-1 average, followed by MS, with 9 g DM plant-1, and AS with 3 g plant-1. The MC (g) in the BS registered that the stem made a greater contribution than the rest of the components (average: 12.3 g plant-1), while leaves from the MS and AS made the greatest contribution (2.6 g plant-1) up to 64 DAS. However, they were surpassed by the stem in the MS and by the inflorescence in the AS. In addition, BS registered the highest LA (173.4 cm2). The largest PH was recorded at 120 DAS (96 cm). The highest L:SR ratio reached 1.10 at 50 DAS, while Ap:rR recorded 3.82 at 92 DAS. Study Limitations/Implications: The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Therefore, any extrapolation or comparison with field conditions should be done with caution. Findings/Conclusions: The basal and middle part of a banderita grass (Bouteloua curtipendula) plant contains the highest forage accumulation (mainly in the leaves and the stem), while the highest biomass content in the apical part is produced by the inflorescence

    Applied interpolation methodology with GIS used for artisanal fishing zoning in Bahía Magdalena, Mexico

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    Objective: To limit the artisanal fishing zones in the water mirror of Magdalena Bay, by means of interpolation. Design/methodology/approach: Through surveys, social, economic and biological production data, wich are collected from a sample of 56 artisanal fishing cooperatives. The data is integrated into a relational database with geospatial reference and geostatistically processed with interpolation methods using a geographic information system. Results: Four zoning maps based on the interpolation of the variables target species, fishing effort, extraction volume and sale value. Limitations on study/implications: The remoteness and difficult access to the study area. Findings/conclusions: The methodology can be used at the national level and generate a limitation of the priority zones for artisanal fishing in Mexico, contributing to decision making and management plans that can consider the variables of the fishermen's social life

    Yield potential of onion genotypes in the Planicie Huasteca, Mexico

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    Objective: To identify new generation onion genotypes with high yield per unit that meet the bulb quality characteristics required by the export market. Design/Methodology/Approach: Eight onion hybrids with yellow bulb, six hybrids with white bulb, and three hybrids with purple bulb were evaluated. The experiments were established with drip irrigation and fertigation. The agronomic characteristics of the plant and the production and quality of the bulb were evaluated, using the USDA specifications for bulb width and shape. The experiments were carried out using a completely randomized block design, with three replications; the statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software, version 9.2. Results: The best onion genetic materials for the Planicie Huasteca were the yellow bulb hybrids Wayne and Don Víctor, the white bulb hybrids Blanca Grande, Monja Blanca, and Don Alberto, and the purple bulb hybrid Rasta, all of which have high production capacity and bulb quality. Study Limitations/Implications: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the most extensive horticultural crop in the Planicie Huasteca, Mexico. Although regional producers establish outstanding genotypes, they require information about the new generation genetic materials, if they are to remain competitive in the export market. Therefore, the new genotypes with the best high yield potential and bulb quality must be evaluated to select those that meet the requirements of the market. Findings/Conclusions: Yellow, white, and purple bulb onion genotypes with high production capacity that meet the requirements of the markets were identified

    Growth and yield models for black beans under magnetization and pH variation in a greenhouse

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    Objective: To estimate growth and yield variations in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) treated with a magnetized nutrient solution considering two factors: magnet exposure time and pH level. The significance of this crop lies in its nutritional and economic value. Design/Methodology/Approach: We used a hydroponic system with magnetized Steiner nutrient solution. The design was completely randomized, with a 4 x 6 factorial treatment arrangement and three replications. Factor A comprised exposure times (0.333 hours, 2 hours, chronic, and without magnetization), while Factor B covered solutions with different pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). We then applied a multiple regression analysis using the SAS software.   Results: Models for vegetative growth variables (plant height, root length, root dry weight, and foliar biomass) and seed yield components (number of pods, number of grains per pod) were statistically significant (p<0.0001). Coefficients of determination ranged from 59.7 % to 82 %, percentages considered appropriate to explain the observed variability. Study limitations/Implications: While the models showed acceptable coefficients of determination, it is essential to consider other factors that were not assessed in this study: exposure to sunlight, insect influence, and diseases that could impact the responses of the bean crop. Findings/Conclusions: Appropriate models to describe vegetative growth and seed yield of the common bean, concerning magnetization time and nutrient solution acidity, include variables such as plant height, root length, root dry weight, foliar biomass, total biomass, number of pods, and number of grains per pod

    Reproductive and productive behavior of hair sheep under an intensive production system

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    Objective: To evaluate the reproductive and productive behavior of four hair sheep breeds in an intensive production system. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data recorded over 4 years (2016-2019) from a production unit that works with Blackbelly, Pelibuey, Dorper, and Katahdin breeds were analyzed. The following variables were evaluated: fertility, prolificacy, birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), weaned lamb yield (WLY), daily weight gain during lactation (DWGL), offspring born alive (OBA), male offspring (MO), and female offspring (FO). All information was analyzed using Chi-square tests and analysis of variance. Results: The fertility, BW, WW, and WYL variables recorded different values between breeds (P<0.05). The greatest fertility and prolificacy were recorded by Blackbelly, while Dorper recorded the lowest values (P<0.05). BW and WW were highest in Dorper and lowest in Blackbelly (P<0.05). Finally, the sheep that recorded the highest WYL were the Blackbelly, while the Dorper registered the lowest values (P<0.05). BW and DWGL values reached maximum values (P<0.05) in Dorper rams, followed by Katahdin. The greatest number of OBA was observed in Blackbelly and Pelibuey (P<0.05). Study Limitations/Implications: Further studies should be carried out to validate this research. Findings/Conclusions: Blackbelly ewes produced more kilograms of weaned lambs per lambing ewe. The Dorper and Katahdin rams in the pre-weaning period recorded higher weight at weaning

    Sustainability Assessment of Two Farming Systems

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    Objective: Assess the sustainability of two agricultural production systems (native maize and improved maize) by applying the MESMIS methodology Design/methodology/approach: Knowing the social, economic and environmental factors that make up the production systems in the municipality of Jilotepec, State of Mexico, as well as their forms of management, allow us to develop strategies for sustainable rural development. The study contemplated at 30 production systems and compared the level of sustainability between producers of native maize and improved maize. The collection of information in the field was carried out in September 2022 and consisted of participatory workshops, semi-structured interviews and surveys; this information was complemented by soil sampling to analyze fertility Results: The two systems studied have high costs of agricultural production and high dependence on external inputs, especially those using improved maize. Most systems depend on external economic income. Agriculture is increasingly exposed to the conditions of drought and changes in rainfall regimes, in this situation having livestock becomes an important economic support. Changing climate conditions are forcing people to implement adaptability measures. Regionally the soil is fertile and suitable for corn cultivation. The perception of happiness of the inhabitants interviewed is high, they consider that the quality of life is good and therefore do not migrate Findings/conclusions: The present study is the result of the integrated analysis of several methodologies used in the measurement of sustainability indicators

    Induction of estrus as a strategy to improve the economic efficiency of the sheep flock

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    Productivity and profitability in sheep production systems are strongly influenced by the reproductive capacity of the flock. Objective: To evaluate the use of reproductive biotechnologies (e.g., the induction of estrus) and its impact on the economic efficiency and the productive and reproductive performance of technified sheep production systems, during the seasonal anestrus. Design/Methodology/Approach: Four-hundred recently weaned (60 days postpartum) ewes of the Katahdin breed were randomly divided into two treatments: T1 = natural mating (n= 200) and T2 = induction of estrus (n=200). Estrus was induced through the application of intravaginal sponges, impregnated with 20 mg of chronolone, plus the injection of 400 IU of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin. The aim was to evaluate the reproductive and economic efficiency of the flock. Results: The induction of estrus during the seasonal anestrus recorded increases (p<0.001) in prolificacy (32%), fertility (86%), and kilograms of lamb weaned per year per ewe (48%), while decreases (p <0.05) were recorded in the number of open days (25%), calving interval (11%), cost per open days (23%), and the kilograms of lamb required per ewe per year (10%). Study Limitations/Implications: The constant variations in the price of supplies and services caused changes in the economic indicators. Findings/Conclusions: The use of reproductive biotechnologies (such as estrus induction) has a positive impact on production units, improving their profitability

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