Economic Resilience and Sustainability - Vol. 2 Factors Influencing Consumer Attitude Toward E-commerce: The Case of the Republic of North Macedonia

In an era of globalization and numerous opportunities for growth and development, e-commerce represents a revolution in the many marketing benefits for companies that market their products and services online. Nevertheless, the benefits of e-commerce cannot be realized without proper marketing strategies. Companies are constantly looking for methods to study consumer behavior in e-commerce to comprehend how the consumer makes decisions to purchase products and services. This information helps business managers understand the reasons behind the customer’s purchase or rejection of a product or service. This research paper discusses how various factors influence e-consumers purchasing behavior. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used as a theoretical framework to describe consumers’ behavior in the online environment. The results indicate that in the Republic of North Macedonia, citizens are aware of the benefits of electronic purchasing of products and services and revealed that consumers’ attitudes toward e-commerce significantly impacted their intent to purchase products and services

Наставникот како креатор на наставата во 21 век

Во последните години светот многу се промени. Стана покомплициран, посложен и попредизвикувачки. Предизвиците со кои се соочуваме денес се многу различни од оние со кои се соочија нашите родители во нивното време. Според истражувањето спроведено од интернатските училишта во Дехрадун, образованието во 21 век има за цел да ги подготви учениците за животот во 21 век преку учење вештини како што се решавање проблеми, критичко размислување и комуникација.Во улогата на наставниците во 21 век, образованието е повеќе од само учење факти. Станува збор за развивање вештини што ви помагаат да успеете во свет на постојани промени. Во 21 век, наставниците и администраторите се соочуваат со предизвикот да ги подготват учениците за еден свет кој постојано се менува. Учениците треба критички да размислуваат, да решаваат проблеми и ефикасно да комуницираат. Наставниците мора да обезбедат настава релевантна за потребите на своите ученици во рамките на променливата глобална економија. Еден начин да се направи ова е преку технолошки подобрени средини за учење. Технологијата стана составен дел од нашето секојдневие; затоа, не треба да биде изненадувачки што е интегрирана во образованието. Наставниците можат да користат неколку видови технологии за да ги подобрат своите часови: компјутери; таблети; мобилни уреди како што се паметни телефони или е-читачи; конзоли за видео игри; паметни табли (големи интерактивни бели табли). Во 21 век, наставниците мора да бидат опремени со соодветни алатки и обука за да им обезбедат на своите ученици првокласно искуство за учење. Едукаторите имаат уште поголема улога во обезбедувањето учениците да бидат подготвени за иднината. Работата на наставниците е сложена и предизвикувачка. Наставниците играат суштинска улога во образованието во 21 век бидејќи се одговорни за да им ги дадат на учениците вештините и знаењето што им се потребни за да напредуваат во денешната економија

Mathematical Model for the Transmission and Control of Mastitis in Dairy Cows

Mastitis in dairy cows is a complex infectious disease that significantly impacts animal health, milk quality, and farm profitability. This study develops and analyzes a deterministic compartmental mathematical model describing the transmission of mastitis among cows and via environmental contamination. The model is formulated using a system of ordinary differential equations that include key biological and management parameters, such as bacterial shedding, recovery, and culling rates. Dimensional consistency and stability analyses were conducted to ensure the model’s validity. The basic reproduction number was calculated, and the equilibrium points were identified and analyzed for both local and global stability. Numerical simulations demonstrate the dynamic behavior of susceptible, infected, and recovered groups, highlighting how infection control depends on changes in shedding and recovery parameters. The model offers a theoretical framework for optimizing mastitis prevention strategies and supports informed decision-making in dairy herd management, as shown through the application of data from a Macedonian dairy farm

Explaining Escalation: The Security Dilemma in Three Contemporary International Conflicts

This paper analyzes the security dilemma through a comparative qualitative study of three conflicts: Russia–Ukraine, Israel–Palestine, and Thailand– Cambodia. Despite differences in geography, scale, and actors, all three cases show how mistrust, misperceptions, and defensive actions perceived as offensive drive cycles of escalation. The Russia–Ukraine conflict illustrates a systemic dilemma, shaped by identity, sovereignty, spheres of influence, and NATO expansion. The Israeli–Palestinian case highlights the limits of the framework in asymmetric conflicts, where overt hostility reduces the role of misperception. The Thailand–Cambodia dispute demonstrates how symbolism and identity can escalate a minor territorial dispute into a broader national conflict. Overall, the study confirms the security dilemma as a valuable explanatory tool in International Relations, conditioned by identity, asymmetry, and hegemonic ambitions

Three Essays in Theoretical Economics with Applications to Global Correlated Games Optimal Taxation and Cheap Talk under Common Knowledge

This book contains three essays in theoretical Economics Covering Global Correlated Games Optimal Taxation in the Ben-Porath Model and Cheap Talk under Kripke Semantics and Common Knowledge. First one has a title: Global correlated signal games unique equilibria: Currency attacks with(out) sterilizations and bank runs with heterogenous cost and diamond search model as global game. Second has a title: Optimal taxation in Ben-Porath model. Third one is entitled: Cheap talk, Kripke semantics, common knowledge and two examples of boom, bust & asset. These three papers are also part of the computational economics project or interest in the computational economics of the authors. paperback will be part of the repository at Faculty of Tourism and Business Logistics, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia

Sistemas de comunicación seguros para operaciones militares modernas - Fundamentos, tecnologías y perspectivas de futuro

Este libro ofrece un examen exhaustivo de los sistemas de comunicaciones seguras para las operaciones militares modernas, abordando los retos tecnológicos y operativos del intercambio de información en los campos de batalla contemporáneos y futuros. Traza la evolución de las comunicaciones militares desde los sistemas analógicos y digitales hasta las arquitecturas cifradas, definidas por software y mejoradas con IA, haciendo hincapié en la interoperabilidad de la OTAN, las amenazas a la ciberseguridad y la guerra electrónica. Se analizan principios básicos como la transmisión de señales, el cifrado, la autenticación, las técnicas anti-interferencia y las redes de radio tácticas resistentes. Entre los temas avanzados se incluyen las comunicaciones seguras entre vehículos aéreos no tripulados y centros de mando, el enrutamiento y la gestión del espectro basados en IA, los sistemas por satélite, las aplicaciones militares 5G/6G, la comunicación cuántica y las redes de radio cognitivas. El libro también propone un marco de comunicaciones seguras orientado al futuro e integrado con sistemas C4ISR, apoyado por estudios de casos prácticos, incluida la investigación doctoral del autor. Está dirigido a investigadores, profesionales militares, ingenieros y responsables políticos que busquen soluciones de comunicaciones de defensa resistentes e inteligentes

Militärische Kommunikationsdoktrin - Ein systematischer Leitfaden für Führung, Kontrolle und Kommunikation in modernen Streitkräften

Dieses Buch bietet eine umfassende und systematische Untersuchung der militärischen Kommunikation als Kernelement von Führung, Kontrolle und operativer Wirksamkeit in modernen Streitkräften. Es analysiert die Grundsätze, die Organisation, die Planung, die Sicherheit, die Widerstandsfähigkeit und die Interoperabilität militärischer Kommunikationssysteme in Frieden, Krise und Konflikt. Das Werk integriert theoretische Grundlagen mit operativen Perspektiven und befasst sich mit Kommunikationsarchitekturen, Knoten und Netzwerken, Übertragungsmethoden, Personalrollen und zukünftigen Trends. Darüber hinaus schlägt der Autor originelle und innovative Kommunikations- und Interoperabilitätskonzepte vor, die neue Ansätze auf Systemebene für eine sichere, widerstandsfähige und integrierte militärische Kommunikation im Kontext moderner digitaler Technologien liefern. Das Buch richtet sich an ein akademisches und professionelles Publikum und stellt die militärische Kommunikation als eine entscheidende operative Fähigkeit dar, die für eine effektive Führung und den Erfolg von Einsätzen unerlässlich ist

Doctrine des communications militaires - Un guide systématique du commandement, du contrôle et des communications dans les forces armées modernes

Ce livre propose un examen complet et systématique des communications militaires en tant qu’élément central du commandement, du contrôle et de l’efficacité opérationnelle des forces armées modernes. Il analyse les principes, l’organisation, la planification, la sécurité, la résilience et l’interopérabilité des systèmes de communication militaire en situations de paix, de crise et de conflit. L’ouvrage intègre les bases théoriques aux perspectives opérationnelles, en abordant les architectures de communication, les nœuds et les réseaux, les méthodes de transmission, les rôles du personnel ainsi que les tendances futures. En outre, l’auteur propose des cadres de communication et d’interopérabilité originaux et innovants, contribuant à de nouvelles approches systémiques pour des communications militaires sûres, résilientes et intégrées dans le contexte des technologies numériques contemporaines. Destiné à un public académique et professionnel, le livre présente les communications militaires comme une capacité opérationnelle décisive, essentielle à un commandement et un contrôle efficaces ainsi qu’au succès de la mission

Predictive analytical workflow for rapid structure elucidation and in silico toxicological qualification of an unidentified impurity in cefixime granules for oral suspension

During in-use stability testing of cefixime granules for oral suspension, an impurity with a relative retention time of 0.19 was consistently detected and increased during storage. To ensure regulatory compliance and patient safety, the impurity was structurally identified and toxicologically qualified. A laboratory-scale formulation and commercial products were studied under refrigerated and ambient conditions. The impurity was isolated by automated fraction collection and characterised by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Kinetic evaluation showed pseudo-first-order formation, with faster accumulation at ambient temperature. The impurity was identified as a g-lactone degradation product of cefixime, present as multiple stereoisomers stabilised under acidic conditions. In silico toxicological assessment using complementary platforms indicated no additional structural alerts, no mutagenic potential, and negligible acute toxicity. The impurity forms only after prolonged storage of reconstituted suspensions and is classified as an ICH M7 Class 5 impurity, requiring no further genotoxicity testing. The applied analytical-computational workflow provides an efficient approach for impurity qualification in b-lactam antibiotics

Are Croatian Insurance Companies Meeting the Efficiency Frontier?

This paper utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis to assess the relative efficiency of 14 insurance companies in the Republic of Croatia from 2018 to 2022, considering inputs (capital and number of employees) and outputs (net earned premiums and total investment). Despite an overall sectoral average efficiency of 79.67%, the study reveals a consistent decline in efficiency, interrupted only by a marginal improvement in 2021. Identifying seven relatively efficient and seven inefficient companies, the analysis highlights 2018 as the peak of sector-wide efficiency, contrasting with a decline to its nadir in 2022. The significance of these findings lies in their contribution to both academic understanding and practical implications. The research offers insights by outlining targeted improvement objectives for inefficient insurance companies and guiding management in resource allocation