Connection between osteoporosis and periodontal disease: review of the literature

Periodontal diseases and osteoporosis are characterized by significant pathological changes with a dominant metabolic and inflammatory nature. Although periodontal disease results in tooth loss, researchers are still examining the relationship between low bone density and periodontal disease. Also, additional research needs to be done to determine whether the treatment of osteoporosis can also contribute to the health of the alveolar bone.Based on the above mentioned, the main goal of this research was to do a literature review to analyze the correlation of osteoporosis and periodontal disease. An adequate search of the available internet sources for contemporary data was done to fulfill the given aim.It has been noted in the literature that osteoporosis plays a role in the development of periodontitis, since the loss of alveolar bone as a result of osteoporosis can change the development and course of the disease and contribute to greater tooth loss. However, when considering this mutual relationship between the two diseases, other factors, both environmental and from the organism, which can influence these two diseases, should always be taken into account. A strong association between clinical attachment loss and osteoporosis has been documented in the literature. At present, it is still unclear whether there is an inverse interaction of periodontitis with systemic bone remodeling. Osteoporosis and chronic periodontitis are both diseases that develop slowly and have similar characteristics. Osteoporosis is commonly seen in women after menopause, affecting about 50% of them. Womenwho have gone through menopause also tend to have more severe periodontal disease, with around 30% affected subjects. Fractures of bones from osteoporosis can lead to serious health issues and even death in older adults. Similarly, chronic periodontitis can also be linked to higher death rates in elderly patients, as it might show there are other serious health problems present. Although the pathogenesis and progression of periodontitis are predominantly correlated to the way how person's body interacts with dental plaque which led to gum and periodontal inflammation, affecting the health of their bones. It may be the main link between these two conditions, which can greatly impact the health and amount of bone tissue in the jaw. Healthy bone tissue is inherently susceptible to the remodeling process that occurs permanently, which allows the creation of an adequate quantum of bone tissue with which to replace old bone tissue as a physiological process, which occurs in response to numerous factors, primarily due to the mechanical load present.By fulfilling the aim of the research, we want to find out whether the identifying the initial signs of osteoporosis and conversely whether and how untreated osteoporosis affects periodontal health, by assessing the condition of the alveolar bon

English Language learning based on computer video games

The intention and findings within this paper relate to the attempt to show the effect of the use of electronic tools in the educational process among primary school students. Computer video games are the definitive magnet that self-initiatively involves pupils and is popular in a process of their own choice, freedom, and personal satisfaction. In fact, that moment is original for effectively involving students in further education in the English language, since most of the games are structured in English. An abundance of attractive video games like Three Kingdoms, which have reached a peak among young people in China, our findings emphasized educational games such as Falling Clouds, which is intended for learning English grammar, and Big Describe, a game that practices reading in English. Spelling Bee is a creative, simple, and very interesting game that affects listening and spelling in pure English, while Concentration is a game that aims to help students enrich their vocabulary by connecting pictures and words. Playing video games among children nowadays is facilitated not only by modern devices but also by numerous platforms. Fredisa Learns is a multi-level English language learning platform intended for children from 4 to 12 years of age. ESLGames Plus is one of the most advanced platforms that contains educational games intended for children and teenagers who are learning English as a second language. English Online is a relatively older website, but one of the better websites where one can find well-designed educational material for learning English. The findings suggest that the educational character of games is undeniable, and they should be used in the right way. Keywords: video games, modern tools, English language, education, pupils, primary schoo

US or CT when it Comes to Monitoring Hepatic Metastases in Patients with Primary GIT and Breast Cancer? Comparative Results of Sensitivity and Specificity of CT and US

Malignant diseases are one of the greatest health challenges at the global level and a major social, public health and economic problem in the 21st century with the three most common types of cancer: lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Radiodiagnostics plays a major role in detecting the primary disease, its stage, the presence or absence of secondary deposits, response to therapy, and monitoring for possible relapses. The current challenge for radiodiagnostic methods is to provide aaccurate, non-invasive method that is highly sensitive and specific and well-tolerated by the patient. We conducted a prospective comparative study over a period of 12 months, which included 82 subjects, patients with metastatic liver disease with primary gastrointestinal tract cancer and breast cancer. Two CT contrast examinations were performed in three phases, as well as four US examinations over a period of 3 months, both examinations within 12 months.The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in relation to all phases of CT taken as the gold standard for detection of hepatic metastases. From the results obtained, US showed the highest sensitivity (100%) and specificity (92.31%) in patients with GIT cancer in hyperechoic changes compared to the arterial phase of CT, while in patients with breast cancer, the sensitivity of US is highest in ring changes (85.71%), and the specificity in isoechoic changes (95%). Regarding the venous phase, US did not show sensitivity for the detection of hepatic lesions in patients with cancer originating from the GIT, while in patients with breast cancer it showed maximum sensitivity (100%) in the detection of ring lesions, and maximum specificity for hypoechoic lesions (100%). US was shown to be sensitive compared to late-phase CT in detecting isoechoic changes in patients with breast cancer (83.33%), but insufficiently sensitive for changes in patients with GIT cancer. The specificity of US is maximum for hypoechoic changes in patients with GIT cancer (100%), and isoechoic changes in patients with breast cancer (88.57%)

Digitally guided dentistry vs conventional methods in diagnosis and treatment of rare cases of supernumerary teeth- Case report

Supernumerary teeth are odontostomatologic anomaly characterized by the existence of excessive number of teeth in relation to the normal dental formula. The possible mechanisms of development are described, with a localized hyperactivity of the dental lamina being the most widely accepted theory. Many studies reported the prevalence of 0.15% to 3.8% supernumerary teeth in the permanent dentition. Supernumerary premolars are very rare and occur with a prevalence of 0.29–0.64% They are also the most common supernumerary teeth in the mandibular arch (7%), and their incidence is 1%. Maxillary supernumerary premolars are found to occur at a lower rate (26%). The occurrence of multiple (more than two) supernumerary teeth without any associated systemic conditions or syndromes, however, is a rare phenomenon and occurs in less than 1% of cases. 75% of these teeth are impacted, unerupted, and generally asymptomatic. Supernumerary premolars may not become radiographically visible until the patient’s normal premolars have erupted. For early diagnosis and appropriate follow-up the use of digital dentistry, instead of conventional X - ray is extremely important. A rare occurrence of a supernumerary premolar in the upper jaw in а 17-year-old girl, who complaint of frequent pain during eating food, itching in gum with occasional bleeding. Intraoral examination revealed presence of supernumerary tooth which was present in maxillary premolar region. The Panoramic X-ray didn`t show the contours of the supernumerary tooth, but after making the 3D the rudimentary tooth was shown in the premolar area. The patient was advised for extraction and possible orthodontic treatment after the surgical intervention, which was performed under local anesthesia. Conclusion. Digitally guided dentistry provides superior advantages in the diagnosis and therapy of supernumerary teeth

A Silent Killer in the Air: Environmental Crime as a Threat to Public Health and Justice

Environmental crime related to air pollution poses one of the most serious threats to the environment and human health, but often remains outside the focus of criminal justice. This paper investigates air pollution through illegal industrial emissions, manipulation of environmental regulations, illegal waste-burning, and falsification of emissions data. The legal framework and shortcomings in the legal regulations that allow these criminal acts to remain unpunished or minimally sanctioned are analyzed. The first part of the paper covers the analysis of crimes against the environment and nature related to air pollution, the damage caused by such illegal activities, as well as other legal regulations adopted by the Republic of North Macedonia for the purpose of nature protection. The second part of the paper refers to the analysis of statistical data obtained from institutions in the Republic of North Macedonia that measure air pollution and related crimes committed at the state level. In the end, the authors provide recommendations for increasing transparency, strengthening inspection bodies, and better international cooperation in the fight against this invisible but dangerous threat

English as a Linguacultural Code for Communication

Although people generally equate language fluency with successful conduct of grammar and vocabulary, research shows that grammar and vocabulary knowledge represent only linguistic competence. On the other hand, language fluency is a complex concept that consists of multiple different components. Linguists have confirmed that in order to be able to use the language efficiently, a speaker needs to be aware of the sociocultural factors and contextual features in a particular speech situation. Herein, this paper gives a theoretical overview of the interrelations among language, culture and communication. The aim of the paper is to review the proposed definitions of the different elements that make language a successful tool for communication through an extensive discussion of the different types of competences linked to language fluency. The paper shows that foreign language proficiency is possible only through simultaneous communicative and pragmatic competence, as well as social and cultural awareness

Патронен празник на УГД - 2025

Цели за изведување на настанот се: •Продолжување на традицијата на чествување на Патрониот празник на Универзитетот, за да се прикаже проактивност на Универзитетот и чествување на значајни моменти. •Да се вклучат различните единици на универзитетот во изведување на воннаставни активности. •Да се одржува механизмот на наградување на најдобрите студенти, за нивна мотивација и праќање порака дека УГД ги забележува и наградува најдобрите. •Да се зајакне соработката со институции и индивидуи кои давале поддршка на Универзитетот во неговото работење на различни начини, преку нивно промовирање и наградување. •Промовирање на УГД пред целните групи и пошироката јавност како динамичен универзитет со засилено медиумско присуство

Language Learning in Synchronous and Asynchronous forms of Distance Education

This paper explores the role of synchronous and asynchronous distance education (DE) in the development of the four core language skills—speaking, writing, listening, and reading—and examines the crucial role of the teacher in facilitating effective language acquisition in an online environment. It highlights how different DE formats impact the mastery of productive (speaking and writing) and receptive (listening and reading) skills. The paper argues that synchronous DE is particularly beneficial for developing speaking and listening skills due to real-time interaction and immediate feedback, while asynchronous DE supports writing and reading skills by providing students with more time to reflect and complete tasks at their own pace. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the evolving role of the language teacher in DE, who must adapt to technological advancements, engage students through various interactive and task-based activities, and foster self-regulated learning. The findings suggest that a blended approach combining both synchronous and asynchronous DE methods is most effective for language learning, as it allows for the development of all four language skills in a balanced and integrated manner

Интегрирана методологија за анализа на геолошки структури и процеси со примена на современи технологии

Во оваа дисертација фокусот е ставен на добивање податоци во структурната геологија со употреба на современ пристап преку две различни верификации на методологии потесно поврзани со употребата на 3D-облаци од точки. Станува општ тренд 3D-моделирањето да биде доминантен начин за анализа во различни области на науката и инженерството, при што корисниците можат да соберат повеќе податоци со висока точност за пократко време од другите методи на мерење. Технологиите кои обезбедуваат 3D-податоци, како што се терестријалните ласерски скенери (TLS), често се скапи, што ги поттикнува корисниците да бараат подостапни алтернативи, истовремено постигнувајќи ја посакуваната точност. Копненото ласерско скенирање (TLS) и техниката „структура од движење“ (SfM), обезбедуваат 3D облаци од точки што овозможуваат геометриска анализа. Научната заедница ги тестира овие две техники уште од почетокот на 2000-тите години, додека компаниите постепено ги интегрираат во своите работни процеси. Во овој контекст, во дисертацијата се посветува внимание на две методологии за добивање и анализа на податоци. Првата методологија се однесува на собирање структурни податоци од терен, со употреба на паметниот телефон како релативно евтина алатка која ја имплементира технологијата LiDAR. Втората методологија во функција става и други современи методи и техники (SfM), во насока на детекција и мониторинг на геолошки особености. При тоа е направена сеопфатна анализа и споредби на резултатите на мерењата кај поголем број случаи. Практичната верификација на предложената методологија на работа е извршена преку анализа на снимки од четири различни локалитети, три од нив (Милутинци, Фариш, Серта) во рамките на првата методологија на работа, и уште еден локалитет (Усек 4 кај експресниот пат Длабочица - Чатал), во рамките на втората методологија презентирана во овој докторат. Прва апроксимација при собирање на податоците во дисертацијата е извршена со примена на апликации преку мобилните телефони, кои стануваат сè попогодни за 3D-моделирање, при што најновите верзии iPhone Pro и iPad Pro нудат интегриран сензор LiDAR. Со употреба на iPhone, се извршени снимања на три различни локации во три различни геолошки средини. 3D-облаците од точки добиени со тие снимања се обработени со различни софтвери и аналитички методи, како и со полуавтоматски софтвер за извлекување сетови на рамнини и пресметка на елементи на пад на издвоените рамнини. Добиените резултати од мерењата направени со употреба на 3D облаци од точки покажуваат висока согласност кога се споредуваат со мерењата со геолошки компас. Втората верификација на применетата методологија се однесува на примена на современи технологии за детекција и мониторинг на одредени структурно-геолошки особености, со имплементирање на SfM-технологијата преку употреба на беспилотно летало - дрон. Анализирани се четири различни комплети на 3D-облаци од точки од четири различни мерења, спроведени во подолг временски период, каде со оваа методологија се овозможува ефикасно временско следење на деформации на еден современ начин. Со употреба на соодветен софтвер, направени се и дополнителни геометриски карактеристики кои овозможуваат полесна визуелизација на промените во теренот. Со синтеза на резултатите, формирани се голем број оригинални регресиони зависности меѓу анализираните параметри, кои за првпат се прикажани кај нас во оваа форма. Со ова особено се потенцира и значењето на методологијата за практиката. Се цени дека добиените сознанија при подготовка на дисертацијата, може да послужат како модел за дефинирање на процедурите за детекција и мониторинг и кај други објекти од тип на патишта и рудници, и да се користат како редовна техника за вакви цели. Со ова се создаваат услови и за натамошна разработка на методологијата во идни научни анализи

18 УГД – Партнерства и соработки

Целта на настанот е да се прикаже активната улога на УГД во социо-економските и општествените процеси и да се промовира процесот на интернационализација на универзитетот и можностите од сите овие активности за сегашните и идни студенти. Настанот се одржа во три меѓусебно поврзани панели: Прв панел: Соработката на УГД со локалната заедница Втор панел: Соработката на УГД со бизнис секторот и институциите Трет панел: Меѓународна соработка на УГ