Onsite Research in the U.S. and Canada: Govemental Data Availability in Notrh America

This paper attempts to reveal the vertical specialization dependence relationship in East Asian countries using the multi country vertical specialization dependence modeling based on the Asian International Input-Output data. Use of multi country model allows us to study the country-wise vertical specialization association that is not possible with the single country model. More over, the multi country vertical specialization dependence modeling, a new approach to study the vertical specialization (imported intermediate goods to produce the export goods), enables us to explain the dependence on domestic intermediate goods and the dependence on other countries as well. The results show that the vertical specialization dependence on total import and group of USA, EU and ROW is high in general among the East Asian countries. However, it is also important to note that the vertical specialization dependence on 9 Asian countries and Hong Kong is relatively high as compared to non-regional countries. Such a situation of vertical specialization dependence in East Asia indicates the strong relationship (in terms of vertical specialization) among the Asian countries.International trade, Input-Output analysis, Vertical specialization, East Asia

Ionospheric plasma outflow in response to transverse ion heating

The transverse heating of H(+) ions and the consequent dynamics of the polar wind were investigated. Additionally, the effect of transverse ion heating was examined using a particle code

Polarized Line Formation in Multi-Dimensional Media.III. Hanle Effect with Partial Frequency Redistribution

In the previous two papers, namely, \citet{anuknn11} and \citet{anuetal11} we solved the polarized radiative transfer (RT) equation in multi-dimensional (multi-D) geometries, with partial frequency redistribution (PRD) as the scattering mechanism. We assumed Rayleigh scattering as the only source of linear polarization ($Q/I, U/I$) in both these papers. In this paper we extend these previous works to include the effect of weak oriented magnetic fields (Hanle effect) on line scattering. We generalize the technique of Stokes vector decomposition in terms of the irreducible spherical tensors $\mathcal{T}^K_Q$, developed in \citet{anuknn11}, to the case of RT with Hanle effect. A fast iterative method of solution (based on the Stabilized Preconditioned Bi-Conjugate-Gradient technique), developed in \citet{anuetal11}, is now generalized to the case of RT in magnetized three-dimensional media. We use the efficient short-characteristics formal solution method for multi-D media, generalized appropriately to the present context. The main results of this paper are the following: (1) A comparison of emergent $(I, Q/I, U/I)$ profiles formed in one-dimensional (1D) media, with the corresponding emergent, spatially averaged profiles formed in multi-D media, shows that in the spatially resolved structures, the assumption of 1D may lead to large errors in linear polarization, especially in the line wings. (2) The multi-D RT in semi-infinite non-magnetic media causes a strong spatial variation of the emergent $(Q/I, U/I)$ profiles, which is more pronounced in the line wings. (3) The presence of a weak magnetic field modifies the spatial variation of the emergent $(Q/I, U/I)$ profiles in the line core, by producing significant changes in their magnitudes.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures, Submitted to ApJ, Under revie