Granskning av faktablad om leopardgecko (Eublepharis macularis) och skäggagam (Pogona ssp.) som distribueras i djuraffärer i Sverige.

Syftet med denna studie var dels att se hur stor andel, av de djuraffärer som säljer ödlor, som delar ut faktablad till kunder som köper en ödla. Dels undersöktes i vilken grad den information som bör finnas i ett faktablad enligt Djurskyddsmyndighetens föreskrifter och allmänna råd (DFS 2005:8, saknr L80), om villkor för hållande, uppfödning och försäljning m.m. av djur avsedda för sällskap och hobby; 3 kapitlet 3 § var representerad i faktabladen. De faktablad som granskades var skrivna för leopardgecko respektive skäggagam, vilka var de vanligaste ödlearterna i de djuraffärer som ingick i studien. Leopardgeckon är en marklevande, nattaktiv ödla som lever i Afghanistan, Irak, Iran och nordvästra Indien. Skäggagamen är också marklevande, men tar sig ibland upp i träd för att sola. Till skillnad från leopardgeckos är skäggagamer dagaktiva, de lever naturligt i området från östra hälften av Sydaustralien upp till sydöstra Centralaustralien. Både leopardgeckos och skäggagamer äter insekter men skäggagamer behöver även äta mycket frukt och grönsaker. 48 djuraffärer kontaktades och fick frågan om de säljer ödlor. De 28 som svarade ja på frågan intervjuades närmare, 26 av dessa hade faktablad enligt egen utsaga. 19 av de 26 djuraffärer som hade faktablad bidrog med ett eller flera faktablad till denna studie. 15 faktablad om leopardgecko och 12 om skäggagam, sammanlagt 27 faktablad granskades. 18 faktapunkters närvaro i faktabladen för de två ödlearterna undersöktes, dessa baserades på innehållet i L80 3 kapitlet 3 §. Många faktapunkter var dåligt representerade i flertalet faktablad, något som kan bero på att information angående de punkterna är svår att hitta. Hur frekvent representerade faktapunkterna var skilde sig mellan faktablad skrivna för leopardgecko och faktablad skrivna för skäggagam på två punkter. De punkterna var faktapunkt 5 ”information om vilken tid på dygnet ödlan är aktiv” och faktapunkt 13 ”information om hur ödlan bör hanteras”. Dessa punkter studerades närmare för att avgöra om informationens natur kan förklara skillnaden i representationsfrekvens. Då referenser behövs för att den som läser faktabladet ska kunna avgöra om informationen är trovärdig undersöktes även om faktabladen hade referenser. Endast 2 (7 %) av de granskade faktabladen nämner någon referens. Som del av studien har nya faktablad om leopardgecko och skäggagam satts samman. Målet med dessa var att få med all den information som ska finnas i ett faktablad enligt L80. Detta visade sig vara svårt, men inte alls omöjligt. Alla faktapunkter finns med i de nya faktabladen, dock är inte alla lika utförliga

D4.3: Digital Twin supported lean project planning, control and risk management

There is a considerable opportunity to improve the planning and control of construction work. The construction industry is still struggling to adopt to the digital revolution’s concepts due to complexity, uncertainty, the fragmented supply chain, the short-term thinking, and the culture of ad hoc solutions. The main purpose of this document is to describe the business and decision-making processes to support lean project planning, control, and risk management with digital twin data.There is a considerable opportunity to improve the planning and control of construction work. The construction industry is still struggling to adopt to the digital revolution’s concepts due to complexity, uncertainty, the fragmented supply chain, the short-term thinking, and the culture of ad hoc solutions. The main purpose of this document is to describe the business and decision-making processes to support lean project planning, control, and risk management with digital twin data. Additionally, this document also presents and describes a process model that has been developed for the construction phase. In this task, three demo-sites have been investigated. All three projects were building construction projects hence no infrastructure projects have been researched. To describe the designed process model, IDEF0-notation was used. A vital part of using digital twins to support process management and agile planning is the capture of data from the site. The produced process model contains five different process groups: initiating, planning, implementing, controlling, and closing and is generally based on the demonstration sites within the ASHVIN project and applicable to constructions sites worldwide. From each demonstration site information was gathered considering how data-collection had been conducted on each site using various digital tools and how they corresponded to the different KPI’s within the project. The methods were then analysed and evaluated how they could be implemented in a work breakdown structure (WBS) and location breakdown structure (LBS). These methods in combination with the process model allows the team to detect issues, react and adjust the schedule to make the whole process smoother. It can assist them in planning when to take in certain disciplines and when to order materials. During this task the demonstration projects were already in the construction phase, which meant that it was mainly controlling activities that could be conducted according to the process model. It would be interesting to be able to test the process model from the beginning of a construction project, in other words from the initiating phase. Multiple findings have been made throughout this study. The main takeaway from is how vital it is for a project to decide in an early stage the prerequisites that will be needed to control and affect the project during the construction phase. This is the reason why it is essential to make sure that the process model as well as the digital tools are applied in depth. The second point to be made is to understand that all the KPI’s mentioned in the results section can be collected using a multitude of different tools and methods. This report has met its main purpose of describing the business and decision-making processes to support lean project planning, control, and risk management with digital twin data.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i InfraestructuraPreprin

Maintenance care for treated periodontitis patients

This paper is a review of current literature combined with clinical observations. Well-controlled maintenance care is a key consideration in the long-term prognosis of treated periodontitis patients. Periodic professional tooth cleaning every 3 to 4 months often is recommended. Furthermore, recent studies indicate a potential need for selected retreatment in problem areas, since minute residual accretions may be left behind during active therapy - even with “open” surgery. While efficient plaque control is essential for optimal results during the healing phase of periodontal therapy, periodic prophylaxis may prevent loss of clinical attachment over long periods of time even for patients with less than perfect oral hygiene.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72615/1/j.1600-051X.1987.tb02247.x.pd

Maintenance of nitric oxide inhalation to a patient with hemoperitonium and acute respiratory distress syndrome during anesthesia -A case report-

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is occasionally used to treat hypoxemia for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, it is controversial whether or not to maintain inhalation of NO during general anesthesia because of complications, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) production, methemoglobinemia, and inhibition of platelet aggregation. In this case, a 67-year-old male fell from a roof and was brought to an emergency care center. During management, he vomited gastric contents and aspirated. In spite of tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with high oxygen therapy, the hypoxia did not improve. NO inhalation with mechanical ventilation was performed to treat hypoxemia due to ARDS in the ICU. We maintained the NO inhalation during the surgery for a hemoperitonium. The surgery was completed without intra-operative hemodynamic instability or any complications

Gambling: Electronic friends or a threat to one's health and personal development?

Gambling has become quite common in Sweden. The Swedish National Institute of Public Health (2010) has reported that about 70% of the Swedish population has gambled at least once during the last 12 months. Half of the population had gambled with money by 18 years of age and about 11% had gambled for the first time when they were 12-years-old or younger. In the report from the Swedish National Institute of Public Health, gambling problems are related to health problems and risky alcohol consumption. The highest problem rate is found among men aged 18 to 24; almost 1 in 10 had some gambling problems. The share of problem gamblers is found to be twice as high among the under-age gamblers as it is among the population as a whole. Young people gamble less but develop gambling problems to a larger extent than adult gamblers. In this article young people's gambling and their gambling careers are analysed as a natural part of their internalisation of other adult habits

Principles of Periodontology

Periodontal diseases are among the most common diseases affecting humans. Dental biofilm is a contributor to the etiology of most periodontal diseases. It is also widely accepted that immunological and inflammatory responses to biofilm components are manifested by signs and symptoms of periodontal disease. The outcome of such interaction is modulated by risk factors (modifiers), either inherent (genetic) or acquired (environmental), significantly affecting the initiation and progression of different periodontal disease phenotypes. While definitive genetic determinants responsible for either susceptibility or resistance to periodontal disease have yet to be identified, many factors affecting the pathogenesis have been described, including smoking, diabetes, obesity, medications, and nutrition. Currently, periodontal diseases are classified based upon clinical disease traits using radiographs and clinical examination. Advances in genomics, molecular biology, and personalized medicine may result in new guidelines for unambiguous disease definition and diagnosis in the future. Recent studies have implied relationships between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions. Answering critical questions regarding host‐parasite interactions in periodontal diseases may provide new insight in the pathogenesis of other biomedical disorders. Therapeutic efforts have focused on the microbial nature of the infection, as active treatment centers on biofilm disruption by non‐surgical mechanical debridement with antimicrobial and sometimes anti‐inflammatory adjuncts. The surgical treatment aims at gaining access to periodontal lesions and correcting unfavorable gingival/osseous contours to achieve a periodontal architecture that will provide for more effective oral hygiene and periodontal maintenance. In addition, advances in tissue engineering have provided innovative means to regenerate/repair periodontal defects, based upon principles of guided tissue regeneration and utilization of growth factors/biologic mediators. To maintain periodontal stability, these treatments need to be supplemented with long‐term maintenance (supportive periodontal therapy) programs

Oral health related behaviors among adult Tanzanians: a national pathfinder survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The oral health education programs which have been organised and delivered in Tanzania were not based on a thorough understanding of behaviours which influence oral health. Therefore, evaluation of these programs became difficult. This study aimed at investigating the oral health related behaviours and their determinants among Tanzanian adults.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A national pathfinder cross sectional survey was conducted in 2006 involving 1759 respondents from the six geographic zones of mainland Tanzania. Frequency distributions, Chi square and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 13.0.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The rates of abstinence from alcohol for the past 30 days and life time smoking were 61.6% and 16.7% respectively, with males being more likely to smoke (OR 9.2, CI 6.3 -12.9, p < 0.001) and drink alcohol (OR 1.5, CI 1.2 -1.8, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that; having dental pain (OR 0.7, CI 0.5-0.8; p < 0.001) and being minimally educated (OR 0.48, CI 0.4-0.6; p < 0.001) reduced the likelihood of having a high sugar score. Whereas being male (OR 1.5, CI 1.2- 1.8; p < 0.001), urban (OR 1.9, CI 1.5 -2.3; p < 0.001), and young (OR 1.5, CI 1.2 -1.8; p < 0.001) increased the likelihood of having a high sugar score. Urban residents were less likely to take alcohol (OR 0.7, CI 0.6-0.9; p < 0.01), or smoke cigarette (OR = 0.7, CI = 0.6-0.9); less likely to be those who do not use fruits (OR 0.3, CI 0.2-0.4; p < 0.001); dental clinic (OR 0.5, CI 0.4-0.7; p < 0.001); factory made tooth brushes (OR 0.1, CI 0.08-0.17; p < 0.001) and toothpaste (OR 0.1, CI 0.1-0.2; p < 0.001) than their rural counterparts. More rural (13.2%) than urban (4.6%) residents used charcoal.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The findings of this study demonstrated social demographic disparities in relation to oral health related behaviors, while dental pain was associated with low consumption of sugar and high likelihood to take alcohol.</p

Impact of supragingival therapy on subgingival microbial profile in smokers versus non-smokers with severe chronic periodontitis

The aim of this study was to assess subgingival microbiological changes in smokers versus non-smokers presenting severe chronic periodontitis after supragingival periodontal therapy (ST).Non-smokers (n=10) and smokers (n=10) presenting at least nine teeth with probing pocket depth (PPD) (&#x2265;5 mm), bleeding on probing (BoP), and no history of periodontal treatment in the last 6 months were selected. Clinical parameters assessed were plaque index (PI), BoP, PPD, relative gingival margin position (rGMP) and relative clinical attachment level (rCAL). Subgingival biofilm was collected before and 21 days after ST. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with the universal primer pair, 27F and 1492R. Amplified genes were cloned, sequenced, and identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences. Statistical analysis was performed by Student&#x0027;s t and Chi-Square tests (&#x03B1;=5%).Clinically, ST promoted a significant reduction in PI and PPD, and gain of rCAL for both groups, with no significant intergroup difference. Microbiologically, at baseline, data analysis demonstrated that smokers harbored a higher proportion of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Bacteroidetes sp., Fusobacterium sp. and Tannerella forsythia and a lower number of cultivated phylotypes (p&#60;0.05). Furthermore, non-smokers featured significant reductions in key phylotypes associated with periodontitis, whereas smokers presented more modest changes.Within the limits of the present study, ST promoted comparable clinical improvements in smokers and non-smokers with severe chronic periodontitis. However, in smokers, ST only slightly affected the subgingival biofilm biodiversity, as compared with non-smokers

Heterologous expression of cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis in yeast

Background: Genome mining facilitated by heterologous systems is an emerging approach to access the chemical diversity encoded in basidiomycete genomes. In this study, three sesquiterpene synthase genes, GME3634, GME3638, and GME9210, which were highly expressed in the sclerotium of the medicinal mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis, were cloned and heterologously expressed in a yeast system. Results: Metabolite profile analysis of the yeast culture extracts by GC-MS showed the production of several sesquiterpene alcohols (C 15 H 26 O), including cadinols and germacrene D-4-ol as major products. Other detected sesquiterpenes include selina-6-en-4-ol, ß-elemene, ß-cubebene, and cedrene. Two purified major compounds namely (+)-torreyol and a-cadinol synthesised by GME3638 and GME3634 respectively, are stereoisomers and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1 H and 13 C NMR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GME3638 and GME3634 are a pair of orthologues, and are grouped together with terpene synthases that synthesise cadinenes and related sesquiterpenes. (+)-Torreyol and a-cadinol were tested against a panel of human cancer cell lines and the latter was found to exhibit selective potent cytotoxicity in breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) with IC 50 value of 3.5 ± 0.58 µg/ml while a-cadinol is less active (IC 50 = 18.0 ± 3.27 µg/ml). Conclusions: This demonstrates that yeast-based genome mining, guided by transcriptomics, is a promising approach for uncovering bioactive compounds from medicinal mushrooms