Industrial Policy and Competition Law and Policy

This afternoon - and it\u27s nearly evening - I would like us to try to rethink industrial policy. I think it makes no sense to speak of industrial policy and competition policy as distinct, one from the other, let alone as antagonistic policies. I would rather define industrial policy as one which frames the structural conditions necessary to ensure economic success in a globalizing economy. I therefore have no qualms in saying that competition policy should form a central plank in any industrial policy. As a member of the European Commission, I will focus my comments on the interconnect between industrial and competition policy in the European Union. But these issues are not just relevant for Europe. Our challenges are not so different from those facing other economies in today\u27s world. I will first explain why embracing open markets and renouncing protectionism, or what might be characterized as old-fashioned industrial policy, is not only desirable, but imperative. I will then go on to set out some essential ingredients of a modern industrial policy, at least as I see it, and explain why competition policy, in the widest sense, if you allow me, should play a central role in shaping this

The pyroelectric properties of TGS for application in infrared detection

The pyroelectric property of triglycine sulfate and its application in the detection of infrared radiation are described. The detectivities of pyroelectric detectors and other types of infrared detectors are compared. The thermal response of a pyroelectric detector element and the resulting electrical response are derived in terms of the material parameters. The noise sources which limit the sensitivity of pyroelectric detectors are described, and the noise equivalent power for each noise source is given as a function of frequency and detector area

The airport Network and Catchment area Competition Model - A comprehensive airport demand forecasting system using a partially observed database

For airport capacity planning long term forecasts of aircraft movements are required. The classical approach to generate such forecasts has been the use of time series data together with econometric models, to extrapolate observed patterns of growth into the future. More recently, the dramatically increased competition between airports, airlines and alliances on the one hand, and serious capacity problems on the other, have made this approach no longer adequate. Airport demand forecasts now need to focus heavily on the many competitive elements in addition to the growth element. In our paper we describe a comprehensive, pragmatic air demand model system that has been implemented for Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport. This model, called the Airport Network and Catchment area Competition Model (ACCM), provides forecasts of future air passenger volumes and aircraft movements explicitly taking account of choices of air passengers among competing airports in Europe. The model uses a straightforward nested logit structure to represent choices of air passengers among alternative departure airports, transport modes to the airport, airlines/alliances/low cost carriers, types of flight (direct versus transfer), air routes, and main modes of transport (for those distances where car and high-speed train may be an alternative option). Target year passenger forecasts are obtained by taking observed base year passenger numbers, and applying two factors to these: (1)Firstly a growth factor, to express the global impact of key drivers of passenger demand growth such as population size, income, trade volume; (2)Secondly a market share ratio factor, to express the increase (or decline) in attractiveness of the airport due to anticipated changes in its air network and landside-accessibility, relative to other (competing) airports. The target year passenger forecasts are then converted into aircraft movements to assess whether or not the available runway capacity is adequate. Key inputs to the model are data bases describing for base year and target year the level of service (travel times, costs, service frequencies) of the land-side accessibility of all departure airports considered, and the air-side networks of all departure and hub airports considered. The air-side networks (supply) are derived from a detailed OAG based flight simulation model developed elsewhere. A particular characteristic of the ACCM implementation for Schiphol Airport is that it had to be developed using only a partial data set describing existing demand: although detailed OD- information was available for air passengers using Schiphol Airport in 2003, no such data was available for other airports or other transport modes. As a consequence a synthetic modelling approach was adopted, where the unobserved passenger segments for the base year were synthesised using market shares ratios between unobserved and observed segments forecasts for the base year together with the observed base year passenger volumes. This process is elegant and appealing in principle, but is not without a number of problems when applied in a real case. In the paper we will first set out the objectives of the ACCM as it was developed, and the operational and practical constraints that were imposed. Then we will describe how the ACCM fits with model developments in the literature, and sketch the overall structure that was adopted. The following sections will describe the modelled alternatives and the utility structures, the level-of-service data bases used for land-side and air-side networks, for base year and target year. Then we will describe in some detail how we dealt with the partial data issue: the procedure to generate non-observed base year data, the validation, the problems encountered, the solutions chosen. Finally we shall show a number of the results obtained (subject to permission by the Dutch Ministry of Transport), and provide some conclusions and recommendations for further application of the methodology.

Development of new techniques for the characterization of crystals and their growth solutions: Center director's discretionary fund

The solubility measurement system and the laser scattering microscope system were designed, built, and utilized for the study of crystal growth solutions and crystal characterization measurements. Solubility measurements and crystal defect maps were made with this equipment for a number of new materials. In some cases, where there have been published solubility data (i.e., TGS), more accurate measurements were made and discrepancies in the published data were resolved. The design of these instruments is presented along with a description of their use and some typical data generated using them

America and the European sense of history

Elektronische Version der gedr. Ausg. 199

Odrzucenie czy akceptacja? Hollywood w Holandii

Publikacja została sfinansowana ze środków Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki w ramach projektu nr 12H 11 0004 8

Crystal growth in a microgravity environment

Gravitational phenomena, including convection, sedimentation, and interactions of materials with their containers all affect the crystal growth process. If they are not taken into consideration they can have adverse effects on the quantity and quality of crystals produced. As a practical matter, convection, and sedimentation can be completely eliminated only under conditions of low gravity attained during orbital flight. There is, then, an advantage to effecting crystallization in space. In the absence of convection in a microgravity environment cooling proceeds by thermal diffusion from the walls to the center of the solution chamber. This renders control of nucleation difficult. Accordingly, there is a need for a new improved nucleation process in space. Crystals are nucleated by creating a small localized region of high relative supersaturation in a host solution at a lower degree of supersaturation

Rapport Vrijwilligerswerk en de Wmo:Een eerste verkenning

Dit rapport geeft informatie over de training “Vrijwilligerswerk en de Wmo”, waarin de veranderende rol van de vrijwilliger door de komst van de Wet Maatschappelijke Ondersteuning (Wmo) wordt behandeld.Het rapport beschrijft de training en de informatie waarop de training is gebaseerd. Dit wordt uitgelegd in: 1. Een inleiding waarin vragen aan bod komen zoals “Over welke vrijwilliger hebben we het”, “Wat zijn de kaders van waaruit gedacht wordt”? “Welke deskundigheid vragen we van vrijwilligers”, 2. Informatie uit het werkveld over de doelstelling van de training. “Waar moet de training over gaan”? Hier wordt een verbinding gelegd met de Vereniging Nederlandse Gemeenten (VNG) die in haar document Het gesprek. Nieuwe doelgroepen, ander gesprek (2013) beschrijft wat deze doelgroepen betekenen voor de formele en informele steun binnen gemeenten. 3. Informatie over de inhoud van de training gevolgd door de evaluatie van de trainin