Kraftforsyningsmodul for ROV

Konkurransen som UiS Subsea skal delta i, er arrangert av Marine Advanced Technology Education Center (MATE), og skal avholdes på Long Beach utenfor Los Angeles, California, USA. Årets Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) har fått nye oppgaver som den skal utføre ved hjelp av en pilot, og om mulig, autonomt. I tillegg skal ROV-en delta i en konkurranse kalt TAC challenge, som holdes på Tau i Rogaland. Rapporten tar for seg utviklingen av en kraftforsyningsmodul som skal utvikles for å regulere ned spenning og distribuere ulike spenningsnivåer på en ROV. I tillegg skal de utvendige lysene styres fra modulen. Fra land er ROV-en forbundet med en forsterket bunt kraftledere og kommunikasjonkabler som kalles en Navlestreng. Problemstillingen er ikke ny, så det har blitt tatt inspirasjon fra tidligere prosjekter, hvor noen konsepter har blitt videreført, mens andre konsepter er helt nye. Det har blitt gjort analyser, simuleringer og dimensjoneringer for å opprettholde tilfredsstillende krav til spenningsfall, filtrering av høyfrekvent støy og rippelspenning for beregne ulike typer kondensa- torbanker. Den samlede kraftforsyningsmodulen ble designet på et Printed Circuit Board (PCB), som skulle kunne passe inn i en sylinder, med andre kretskort. Dette krevde god koordinering med de andre gruppene, for å få dette til å passe sammen. Det ble også egenutviklet sikringskretser da fjor- årets Integrated Circuit (IC)-er ikke lenger var i produksjon, og det ble ikke funnet tilfredsstillende ekvivalente IC-er. Det er også være mulighet for å skru av strømmen til ROV-ens motorer. For kraftoverføring og kommunikasjon ble det tatt i bruk et felles grensesnitt via en multibuss, som supplerer jevne spenninger på et tilfredsstillende nivå for ikke å risikere uventede brå spenningsfall1. Informasjonsflyten går over et Controller Area Network (CAN)-grensesnitt, som er forbundet med de andre gruppenes Micro Control Unit (MCU)-er via den samme multibussen. Under produksjon ble det støtt på noen utfordringer. Et fotavtrykk til en komponent var feil under produksjon, CAN-bussen var konfigurert feil, sikringene ble initielt stilt inn til for lave verdier og noen jordingspunkt ble ikke jordet da jordingsplanet ikke koble seg til dem i Altium Designer. Kraftforsyningen som ble produsert har bestått kravene som ble satt for det, det ble levert stabile spenninger til effektforbrukerne, og det ble funnet gode løsninger til utfordringer som oppsto.The competition, which UiS Subsea will participate in, is organized by the Marine Advanced Technology Education Center (MATE), and will be held on Long Beach outside Los Angeles, California, USA. This year's Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) has been given new tasks to perform using a pilot, and if possible, autonomously. In addition, the ROV will participate in a competition called TAC challenge, which is held at Tau in Rogaland. The ROV is supplied from land used a dual power and fibre cable commonly called an umbilical. The issue is not new, so inspiration has been taken from previous projects, where some concepts have been continued, while other concepts are completely new. Analysis, simulations and dimensioning have been performed to maintain satisfactory requirements for voltage drops, high frequency filtering and ripple voltage filtering to calculate different types of capacitor banks. The overall power supply module was designed on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which could fit into a cylinder, with other circuit boards. This required good coordination with the other groups, to fit all together. Inhouse safety circuits were also developed, as last year's Integrated Circuit (IC) were no longer in production, and no satisfactorily equivalent ICs were found. It is also possible to turn off the power supply to the ROV's motors. For power transmission and communication, a common interface was used via a multibus, supplementing even voltages at a satisfactory level so as not to risk unexpected sudden voltage drops.The information is conveyed over a Controller Area Network (CAN) interface, which is connected to other groups Micro Control Units (MCU) via the same multibus. During production, some challenges were encountered. A footprint of a component was incorrect under production, the CAN bus was configured incorrectly, the fuses were initially set at to too low values ​​and some grounding points were not connected to ground to the grounding plane did not connect to them in Altium Designer. The power supply that was produced has passed the requirements that were set for it, stable voltages were delivered to the power consumers, and good solutions were found for the challenges that arose

Kraftforsyningsmodul for ROV

Konkurransen som UiS Subsea skal delta i, er arrangert av Marine Advanced Technology Education Center (MATE), og skal avholdes på Long Beach utenfor Los Angeles, California, USA. Årets Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) har fått nye oppgaver som den skal utføre ved hjelp av en pilot, og om mulig, autonomt. I tillegg skal ROV-en delta i en konkurranse kalt TAC challenge, som holdes på Tau i Rogaland. Rapporten tar for seg utviklingen av en kraftforsyningsmodul som skal utvikles for å regulere ned spenning og distribuere ulike spenningsnivåer på en ROV. I tillegg skal de utvendige lysene styres fra modulen. Fra land er ROV-en forbundet med en forsterket bunt kraftledere og kommunikasjonkabler som kalles en Navlestreng. Problemstillingen er ikke ny, så det har blitt tatt inspirasjon fra tidligere prosjekter, hvor noen konsepter har blitt videreført, mens andre konsepter er helt nye. Det har blitt gjort analyser, simuleringer og dimensjoneringer for å opprettholde tilfredsstillende krav til spenningsfall, filtrering av høyfrekvent støy og rippelspenning for beregne ulike typer kondensatorbanker. Den samlede kraftforsyningsmodulen ble designet på et Printed Circuit Board (PCB), som skulle kunne passe inn i en sylinder med andre kretskort. Dette krevde god koordinering med deandre gruppene, for å få dette til å passe sammen. Det ble også egenutviklet sikringskretser da fjorårets Integrated Circuit (IC)-er ikke lenger var i produksjon, og det ble ikke funnet tilfredsstillende ekvivalente IC-er. Det er også være mulighet for å skru av strømmen til ROV-ens motorer. For kraftoverføring og kommunikasjon ble det tatt i bruk et felles grensesnitt via en multibuss, som supplerer jevne spenninger på et tilfredsstillende nivå for ikke å risikere uventede brå spenningsfall. Informasjonsflyten går over et Controller Area Network (CAN)-grensesnitt, som er forbundet med de andre gruppenes Micro Control Unit (MCU)-er via den samme multibussen. Under produksjon ble det støtt på noen utfordringer. Et fotavtrykk til en komponent var feil underproduksjon, CAN-bussen var konfigurert feil, sikringene ble initielt stilt inn til for lave verdier ognoen jordingspunkt ble ikke jordet da jordingsplanet ikke koble seg til dem iAltium Designer. Kraftforsyningen som ble produsert har bestått kravene som ble satt for det, det ble levert stabilespenninger til effektforbrukerne, og det ble funnet gode løsninger til utfordringer som oppsto.The competition, which UiS Subsea will participate in, is organized by the Marine Advanced Technology Education Center (MATE), and will be held on Long Beach outside Los Angeles, California, USA. This year's Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) has been given new tasks to perform using a pilot, and if possible, autonomously. In addition, the ROV will participate in a competition called TAC challenge, which is held at Tau in Rogaland. The ROV is supplied from land used a dual power and fibre cable commonly called an umbilical. The issue is not new, so inspiration has been taken from previous projects, where some concepts have been continued, while other concepts are completely new. Analysis, simulations and dimensioning have been performed to maintain satisfactory requirements for voltage drops, high frequency filtering and ripple voltage filtering to calculate different types of capacitor banks. The overall power supply module was designed on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which could fit into a cylinder, with other circuit boards. This required good coordination with the other groups, to fit all together. Inhouse safety circuits were also developed, as last year's Integrated Circuit (IC) were no longer in production, and no satisfactorily equivalent ICs were found. It is also possible to turn off the power supply to the ROV's motors. For power transmission and communication, a common interface was used via a multibus, supplementing even voltages at a satisfactory level so as not to risk unexpected sudden voltage drops.The information is conveyed over a Controller Area Network (CAN) interface, which is connected to other groups Micro Control Units (MCU) via the same multibus. During production, some challenges were encountered. A footprint of a component was incorrect under production, the CAN bus was configured incorrectly, the fuses were initially set at to too low values ​​and some grounding points were not connected to ground to the grounding plane did not connect to them in Altium Designer. The power supply that was produced has passed the requirements that were set for it, stable voltages were delivered to the power consumers, and good solutions were found for the challenges that arose

Kraftforsyningsmodul for ROV

Konkurransen som UiS Subsea skal delta i, er arrangert av Marine Advanced Technology Education Center (MATE), og skal avholdes på Long Beach utenfor Los Angeles, California, USA. Årets Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) har fått nye oppgaver som den skal utføre ved hjelp av en pilot, og om mulig, autonomt. I tillegg skal ROV-en delta i en konkurranse kalt TAC challenge, som holdes på Tau i Rogaland. Rapporten tar for seg utviklingen av en kraftforsyningsmodul som skal utvikles for å regulere ned spenning og distribuere ulike spenningsnivåer på en ROV. I tillegg skal de utvendige lysene styres fra modulen. Fra land er ROV-en forbundet med en forsterket bunt kraftledere og kommunikasjonkabler som kalles en Navlestreng. Problemstillingen er ikke ny, så det har blitt tatt inspirasjon fra tidligere prosjekter, hvor noen konsepter har blitt videreført, mens andre konsepter er helt nye. Det har blitt gjort analyser, simuleringer og dimensjoneringer for å opprettholde tilfredsstillende krav til spenningsfall, filtrering av høyfrekvent støy og rippelspenning for beregne ulike typer kondensatorbanker. Den samlede kraftforsyningsmodulen ble designet på et Printed Circuit Board (PCB), som skulle kunne passe inn i en sylinder, med andre kretskort. Dette krevde god koordinering med de andre gruppene, for å få dette til å passe sammen. Det ble også egenutviklet sikringskretser da fjorårets Integrated Circuit (IC)-er ikke lenger var i produksjon, og det ble ikke funnet tilfredsstillende ekvivalente IC-er. Det er også være mulighet for å skru av strømmen til ROV-ens motorer. For kraftoverføring og kommunikasjon ble det tatt i bruk et felles grensesnitt via en multibuss, som supplerer jevne spenninger på et tilfredsstillende nivå for ikke å risikere uventede brå spenningsfall1. Informasjonsflyten går over et Controller Area Network (CAN)-grensesnitt, som er forbundet med de andre gruppenes Micro Control Unit (MCU)-er via den samme multibussen. Under produksjon ble det støtt på noen utfordringer. Et fotavtrykk til en komponent var feil under produksjon, CAN-bussen var konfigurert feil, sikringene ble initielt stilt inn til for lave verdier og noen jordingspunkt ble ikke jordet da jordingsplanet ikke koble seg til dem i Altium Designer. Kraftforsyningen som ble produsert har bestått kravene som ble satt for det, det ble levert stabile spenninger til effektforbrukerne, og det ble funnet gode løsninger til utfordringer som oppsto.The competition, which UiS Subsea will participate in, is organized by the Marine Advanced Technology Education Center (MATE), and will be held on Long Beach outside Los Angeles, California, USA. This year's Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) has been given new tasks to perform using a pilot, and if possible, autonomously. In addition, the ROV will participate in a competition called TAC challenge, which is held at Tau in Rogaland. The ROV is supplied from land used a dual power and fibre cable commonly called an umbilical. The issue is not new, so inspiration has been taken from previous projects, where some concepts have been continued, while other concepts are completely new. Analysis, simulations and dimensioning have been performed to maintain satisfactory requirements for voltage drops, high frequency filtering and ripple voltage filtering to calculate different types of capacitor banks. The overall power supply module was designed on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which could fit into a cylinder, with other circuit boards. This required good coordination with the other groups, to fit all together. Inhouse safety circuits were also developed, as last year's Integrated Circuit (IC) were no longer in production, and no satisfactorily equivalent ICs were found. It is also possible to turn off the power supply to the ROV's motors. For power transmission and communication, a common interface was used via a multibus, supplementing even voltages at a satisfactory level so as not to risk unexpected sudden voltage drops.The information is conveyed over a Controller Area Network (CAN) interface, which is connected to other groups Micro Control Units (MCU) via the same multibus. During production, some challenges were encountered. A footprint of a component was incorrect under production, the CAN bus was configured incorrectly, the fuses were initially set at to too low values ​​and some grounding points were not connected to ground to the grounding plane did not connect to them in Altium Designer. The power supply that was produced has passed the requirements that were set for it, stable voltages were delivered to the power consumers, and good solutions were found for the challenges that arose

Principles of Periodontology

Periodontal diseases are among the most common diseases affecting humans. Dental biofilm is a contributor to the etiology of most periodontal diseases. It is also widely accepted that immunological and inflammatory responses to biofilm components are manifested by signs and symptoms of periodontal disease. The outcome of such interaction is modulated by risk factors (modifiers), either inherent (genetic) or acquired (environmental), significantly affecting the initiation and progression of different periodontal disease phenotypes. While definitive genetic determinants responsible for either susceptibility or resistance to periodontal disease have yet to be identified, many factors affecting the pathogenesis have been described, including smoking, diabetes, obesity, medications, and nutrition. Currently, periodontal diseases are classified based upon clinical disease traits using radiographs and clinical examination. Advances in genomics, molecular biology, and personalized medicine may result in new guidelines for unambiguous disease definition and diagnosis in the future. Recent studies have implied relationships between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions. Answering critical questions regarding host‐parasite interactions in periodontal diseases may provide new insight in the pathogenesis of other biomedical disorders. Therapeutic efforts have focused on the microbial nature of the infection, as active treatment centers on biofilm disruption by non‐surgical mechanical debridement with antimicrobial and sometimes anti‐inflammatory adjuncts. The surgical treatment aims at gaining access to periodontal lesions and correcting unfavorable gingival/osseous contours to achieve a periodontal architecture that will provide for more effective oral hygiene and periodontal maintenance. In addition, advances in tissue engineering have provided innovative means to regenerate/repair periodontal defects, based upon principles of guided tissue regeneration and utilization of growth factors/biologic mediators. To maintain periodontal stability, these treatments need to be supplemented with long‐term maintenance (supportive periodontal therapy) programs

Effect of smoking on subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis in Japan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. To clarify the contribution of smoking to periodontitis, it is essential to assess the relationship between smoking and the subgingival microflora. The aim of this study was to gain an insight into the influence of smoking on the microflora of Japanese patients with periodontitis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixty-seven Japanese patients with chronic periodontitis (19 to 83 years old, 23 women and 44 men) were enrolled in the present study. They consisted of 30 smokers and 37 non-smokers. Periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) and oral hygiene status were recorded. Detection of <it>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum/periodonticum, Treponema denticola </it>and <it>Campylobacter rectus </it>in subgingival plaque samples was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Association between the detection of periodontopathic bacteria and smoking status was analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis and chi-square test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A statistically significant association was found between having a PPD ≥ 4 mm and detection of <it>T. denticola, P. intermedia, T. forsythia</it>, or <it>C. rectus</it>, with odds ratios ranging from 2.17 to 3.54. A significant association was noted between BOP and the detection of <it>C. rectus </it>or <it>P. intermedia</it>, and smoking, with odds ratios ranging from 1.99 to 5.62. Prevalence of <it>C. rectus </it>was higher in smokers than non-smokers, whereas that of <it>A. actinomycetemcomitans </it>was lower in smokers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Within limits, the analysis of the subgingival microbial flora in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis suggests a relevant association between smoking and colonization by the specific periodontal pathogens including <it>C. rectus</it>.</p

Impact of supragingival therapy on subgingival microbial profile in smokers versus non-smokers with severe chronic periodontitis

The aim of this study was to assess subgingival microbiological changes in smokers versus non-smokers presenting severe chronic periodontitis after supragingival periodontal therapy (ST).Non-smokers (n=10) and smokers (n=10) presenting at least nine teeth with probing pocket depth (PPD) (&#x2265;5 mm), bleeding on probing (BoP), and no history of periodontal treatment in the last 6 months were selected. Clinical parameters assessed were plaque index (PI), BoP, PPD, relative gingival margin position (rGMP) and relative clinical attachment level (rCAL). Subgingival biofilm was collected before and 21 days after ST. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with the universal primer pair, 27F and 1492R. Amplified genes were cloned, sequenced, and identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences. Statistical analysis was performed by Student&#x0027;s t and Chi-Square tests (&#x03B1;=5%).Clinically, ST promoted a significant reduction in PI and PPD, and gain of rCAL for both groups, with no significant intergroup difference. Microbiologically, at baseline, data analysis demonstrated that smokers harbored a higher proportion of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Bacteroidetes sp., Fusobacterium sp. and Tannerella forsythia and a lower number of cultivated phylotypes (p&#60;0.05). Furthermore, non-smokers featured significant reductions in key phylotypes associated with periodontitis, whereas smokers presented more modest changes.Within the limits of the present study, ST promoted comparable clinical improvements in smokers and non-smokers with severe chronic periodontitis. However, in smokers, ST only slightly affected the subgingival biofilm biodiversity, as compared with non-smokers

Do Students Who Continue Their English Studies Outperform Students Who Do Not? : A Study of Subject-verb Concord in Written Compositions in English by Swedish University Students

This essay deals with subject-verb concord in written compositions by Swedish students at Uppsala University. The essay investigates the possibility that students who continue studying English beyond the A level at the university make fewer errors than students who do not continue. In order to minimize the influence of the students’ gender and first language, only essays written by female students were included in the study; in addition, all students included had Swedish as their first language, and so did their parents. 25 essays by students who continued their studies and 25 essays by students who may not have done so were chosen. All 50 essays were examined for both correct and incorrect instances concerning concord between subjects and verbs in the present tense. The primary verbs to be, to do and to have were analysed as well as regular and irregular verbs. The results show that the 25 students who continued beyond the A level made fewer errors than the 25 students who may not have continued. The results also indicate that subject-verb concord is not a serious problem for Swedish learners