A Rapid Method for the Detection of Papillomavirus in Warts : The Fre­quency of Virus Detection in Various Types of Warts

A rapid method was devised for the detection of virus particles in wart specimens. The upper layer of warts was cut perpendicularly to the surface, and the freshly cut surface was lightly touched to an electron microscope grid. The grid was then stained with a small drop of phosphotungstate and observed electron microscopically. On the specimen grid thus prepared, papillomavirus particles were easily discriminated from tissue debris. Papillomavirus particles were detected in 71% of verrucae plantares, 78% of verrucae palmares, 50% of verrucae vulgares and 75% of condylomata acuminata by the present method.</p

Nonadiabatic interaction between a charged particle and an MHD pulse

International audienceInteraction between a magnetohydrodynamic~(MHD) pulse and a charged particle is discussed both numerically and theoretically. Charged particles can be accelerated efficiently in the presence of spatially correlated MHD waves, such as short large amplitude magnetic structures, by successive mirror reflection (Fermi process). In order to understand this process, we study the reflection probability of particles by the MHD pulses, focusing on the adiabaticity on the particle motion. When the particle velocity is small (adiabatic regime), the probability that the particle is reflected by the MHD pulse is essentially determined only by the pitch angle, independent from the velocity. On the other hand, in the non-adiabatic regime, the reflection probability is inversely proportional to the square root of the normalized velocity. We discuss our numerical as well as analytical results of the interaction process with various pulse amplitude, pulse shape, and the pulse winding number. The reflection probability is universally represented as a power law function independent from above pulse properties

Structure and Function of the Small MutS-Related Domain

MutS family proteins are widely distributed in almost all organisms from bacteria to human and play central roles in various DNA transactions such as DNA mismatch repair and recombinational events. The small MutS-related (Smr) domain was originally found in the C-terminal domain of an antirecombination protein, MutS2, a member of the MutS family. MutS2 is thought to suppress homologous recombination by endonucleolytic resolution of early intermediates in the process. The endonuclease activity of MutS2 is derived from the Smr domain. Interestingly, sequences homologous to the Smr domain are abundant in a variety of proteins other than MutS2 and can be classified into 3 subfamilies. Recently, the tertiary structures and endonuclease activities of all 3 Smr subfamilies were reported. In this paper, we review the biochemical characteristics and structures of the Smr domains as well as cellular functions of the Smr-containing proteins

Self-Excited Oscillations in a System with Two Degrees of Freedom

The behavior of a negative-resistance oscillator with two resonant circuits is studied. The amplitude and frequency characteristics of the self-excited oscillation are calculated and shown graphically for some combinations of the system parameters. The stability of the oscillation is discussed. Particular attention is directed toward the internal resonance of the two resonant circuits which occurs when a certain relationship exists between their natural frequencies

In search of the father: experiences, identity and belonging of Sino-Japanese children born of the Second Sino-Japanese war (1937-1945) who ‘returned to the homeland’

This study examines the little-known experiences of children born of Japanese fathers and Chinese mothers who had consensual relationships during and after the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) in China, with a specific focus on those who migrated to Japan after the re-establishment of Sino-Japanese relations in 1972. These individuals, most of whom had been separated from their repatriated fathers after the war, had strikingly similar narratives about their father’s country as their ‘homeland’ and their migration to Japan as their ‘return’. Primarily based on oral history interviews conducted with eight individuals in Japan and China as well as on personal documents obtained from a Japanese law firm, this study analyses their experiences in comparison with other ‘children born of war’ – defined as offspring of local women and members of an enemy, occupation or peacekeeping force or child soldiers – in other historical and geopolitical contexts. The comparative analysis highlights their adversities due to their origin as well as the significance of the (often absent) father. By elucidating the particularities of the circumstances under which they were born and what they experienced in the specific post-war geo-political, socio-political and cultural context of China and Japan, this study probes how they came to construct positive notions of the father and Japan and the significance of the father in the formation process of their identity, belonging and life choices. These long-neglected stories of Sino-Japanese consensual relationships and familial love that transcended the national boundaries defy the rigid historical narratives that made wartime and post-war Sino-Japanese human interactions appear so bleak and narrow

Konoha: Implementing a Static Scripting Language with Dynamic Behaviors

Abstract This paper presents the design of Konoha, a statically typed object-oriented scripting language. Konoha is modeled to have the same or similar scripting experience with dynamic languages, by emulating major dynamic behaviors, such as duck typing and eval function. At the same time, its &quot;run anytime&quot; complier enables execution of incomplete programs without the compilation stop by the static type checker. Konoha was written in C from scratch, and is available as open-source software. We will show scripting experiences, as well as better performance