Split glass tube assures quality in electron beam brazing

Sealed enclosure of heat-resistant glass tubing and silicone rubber molds provide good visibility for electron beam brazing of metal tubes in an inert gas atmosphere. The glass tubing and rubber molds, which are bonded together, are easily applied to and removed from the brazing area by operation of a clamp

Disziplinierung durch Methode: Zur Bedeutung der Methodenlehre für das Fach Soziologie

Selbst- und Fremdbeschreibungen der Soziologie sind stark von der symbolischen Differenzierung entlang kultureller Grenzen geprägt. Als Wissenskultur zwischen den "harten" Natur- und den "weichen" Geisteswissenschaften muss sie interdisziplinäre Anschlussfähigkeit und zugleich Distinktion vermitteln. Um der Gesellschaft die Gesellschaft zu erklären, muss sie verständlich sein und doch die spezifische Sprache der Wissenschaft nutzen. Die Autorin zeichnet die Bedeutung der Methodenlehre im Soziologiestudium für die Reproduktion dieser Spannungen nach und weist ihr eine Schlüsselrolle in der Etablierung der kulturellen Einheit und Differenz dieser wissenschaftlichen Disziplin zu

Bairros Hipster no Instagram : a Arte de Rua como elemento instagramável na construção de espaços urbanos

Inseridos no contexto de bairros boêmios e de bairros de artistas, os Bairros Hipster surgem no cenário urbano como uma manifestação da espacialização de um grupo. Esse grupo deixa impresso nos bairros marcas de seu processo espacial, uma delas é a Arte de Rua, que é um tema frequente de publicações no Instagram em Bairros Hipster. Nesta dissertação é analisada a Arte de Rua enquanto constituidora do Bairro Hipster no Instagram, como componente do discurso de criatividade e autenticidade implicado nesses espaços. Para tanto, foram selecionados bairros definidos como hipster em publicações não acadêmicas para, então, observá-los na rede social. Foi realizada uma pesquisa imagética de cunho quantitativo, observando os elementos que compõem as postagens geolocacionadas nos bairros levantados, para analisar padrões de composição dos elementos gráficos — Arte de Rua, graffiti, e murais — nas fotografias compartilhadas no Instagram. Após, foi analisada a composição da fotografia com relação a esses elementos gráficos, de modo a compreender o papel da Arte de Rua na composição imagética do Bairro Hipster. Assim, observou-se o Bairro Hipster como um fenômeno ocidentalizado, que é composto, no Instagram, por elementos gráficos urbanos mais amplos que a Arte de Rua, elementos que alimentam a composição estética desses bairros em uma rede social de base imagética e locacional. Essa análise permite compreender a definição de espaços através de imagens compartilhadas na Internet e a Arte de Rua como elemento constituidor de espaços de criatividade no Instagram.Hipster Neighborhoods come to be, in the urban scenario, as bohemian and artists neighborhoods did: a manifestation of group territorialization. A group lives marks of its territorialization process imprinted in space. For the Hipster, one of these marks is Street Art, a frequent theme of Instagram publications tagged in Hipster Neighborhoods. This Masters Dissertation analyses Street Art as a constituent of the Hipster Neighborhood on Instagram, as a component of the creativity and authenticity discourses that implicate these spaces. For this purpose, neighborhoods defined as 'hipster' in non-academic publications were selected and then observed on the social network. Therefore, it was conducted quantitative visual research to analyze compositional patterns of the graphic elements — Street Art, graffiti, and murals — in the photographs shared on Instagram. This way, Hipster Neighborhoods were observed as an occidentalize process that comes to be, on Instagram, through urban graphic elements that are broader than only Street Art, which feed into that compositional aesthetic of Hipster Neighborhoods at a locational image-based social network. This visual analysis allows the understanding of spatial definition through images shared on the Internet and Street Art as a building element of creative spaces on Instagram

A New Brief Measure of Oral Quality of Life

INTRODUCTION. We developed a brief measure of the impact of oral conditions on individual functioning and well-being, known as oral quality of life. METHODS. Among older male veterans (N = 827) and community dental patients (N = 113), we administered surveys consisting of extant oral quality of life items, using clinical dental data from the veteran samples. We assigned each oral quality of life item to a theoretical dimension, conducted an iterative series of multitrait scaling analyses to examine the item-fit with the dimensions, reduced the number of items, and examined the psychometric characteristics of new scales and their association with clinical indices. RESULTS. We developed two brief oral quality of life scales, one consisting of 12 items and the other of 6, the latter a subset of the former. Each demonstrated sound psychometric properties and was sensitive to clinical indices. CONCLUSION. The two brief oral quality of life scales can be used to assess the population-based impact of oral conditions as well as outcomes of dental care.National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U54 DE14264-02); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service (IIR 93.025, HFP 91-012, RCS 02-066-1), National Institutes of Health (U54 DE014264, K24 DE000419, K24 DE018211

Взаимосвязь удельного показателя поглощения нефтей, природных битумов и их компонентов в видимой области спектра с параметрами их состава

Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью экспрессной оценки группового состава нефтей, их некоторых физико-химических и технологических свойств, в том числе для контроля над разработкой нефтяных месторождений. Опубликованные в литературе данные свидетельствуют, что для такой оценки используется удельный показатель поглощения их растворов при фиксированных длинах волн в различных областях спектра поглощения или площадь под кривой поглощения во всей области спектра поглощения. Нарушение линейной зависимости оптической плотности от концентрации в спектрах поглощения растворов нефтей и нефтяных фракций дает возможность изучать процессы образования и разрушения ассоциатов в нефтяных системах. В то же время в литературе практически отсутствуют попытки поиска взаимосвязи удельного показателя поглощения с параметрами, характеризующими наличие и относительное содержание различных структурных фрагментов в нефтях и нефтяных фракциях. Цель работы: выявление возможных корреляций между значением удельного показателя поглощения в видимой области спектра и параметрами, характеризующими наличие и относительное содержание различных структурных фрагментов в нефтях и нефтяных фракциях. Методы исследования: спектрофотометрия в видимой области спектра поглощения, методы ИК- и ЯМР 1Н-спектрометрии, корреляционный анализ. Результаты. Определены различные спектральные характеристики в видимой области спектра поглощения (удельный показатель поглощения при длине волны 500 нм, коэффициент цветности - E4/E6) нефтей, природных битумов и фракций, полученных при их экстракционно-хроматографическом разделении (масла, смолы, асфальтены). Выявлена взаимосвязь удельного показателя поглощения растворов изученных образцов при длине волны 500 нм (К500) с характеристиками изученных образцов, полученными методами ИК- и ЯМР 1Н-спектрометрии, отражающими относительное содержание ароматических и алифатических структурных фрагментов в их составе. Величина достоверности аппроксимации (R2) имеет наиболее высокие значения (от 0,790 до 0,892) только в случае функциональной связи K500 с параметрами, отражающими содержание ароматических структурных фрагментов для всей совокупности изученных образцов и для совокупности изученных нефтей и природных битумов. Для отдельных фракций эта взаимосвязь отсутствует.The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the necessity of an express assessment of the component compositions of oils, some of their physicochemical and technological properties, including control over development of oil deposits. The published data indicate that for such assessment the specific absorption factor of their solutions at fixed wavelengths in different regions of absorption spectrum or the area under the curve of absorption in all regions of the absorption spectrum are used. Violation of linear dependence of optical density on concentration in the absorption spectra of oil and oil fraction solutions enables to study the processes of formation and destruction of associates in oil systems. At the same time there are practically no attempts in literature to search for correlation between the specific absorption factor and the parameters characterizing the occurrence and relative content of various structural fragments in oils and oil fraction. The main aim of the study is to reveal possible correlations between the values of specific absorption factor in visible spectral region and the parameters characterizing the occurrence and relative content of various structural fragments in oils and oil fraction. The methods used in the study: spectrophotometry in visible absorption spectrum, IR- and 1H NMR spectroscopy methods, correlation analysis. The results. The authors have determined different spectral characteristics in visible region of the absorption spectrum (specific absorption factor at a wavelength of 500 nm, chromaticity coefficient is E4/E6) of oils, natural bitumen and fraction obtained during their extraction-chromatographic separation (oily components, resins and asphaltenes). The correlation between the specific absorption factor of the investigated samples solutions at a wavelength of 500 nm (K500) and the characteristics of the investigated samples obtained by the methods of IR- and 1H NMR spectroscopy, reflecting the relative content of aromatic and aliphatic structural fragments in their compositions, was determined. The approximation credibility (R2) magnitude has the highest values (from 0,790 to 0,892) only in the case of K500 functional connection with the parameters reflecting the content of aromatic structural fragments for the total set of the investigated samples and the total set of the investigated oils and natural bitumen. There is no correlation for individual fractions

Optimal Robot Placement for Tasks Execution

AbstractAutomotive assembly cells are cluttered environments, including robots, workpieces, and fixtures. Due to high volumes and several product variants assembled in the same cell, robot placement is crucial to increase flexibility and throughput. In this paper, we propose a novel method to optimize the base position of an industrial robot with the objective to reach all predefined tasks and minimize cycle time: robot inverse kinematics and collision avoidance are integrated together with a derivative-free optimization algorithm. This approach is successfully used to find feasible solutions on industrial test cases, showing up to 20% cycle time improvement

Generation Z – eine qualitative Befragung zur Nutzung von Hochschulbibliotheken und Informationszentren

Die digitale Transformation unserer Gesellschaft führt fortlaufend zu wesentlichen Veränderungen in der Art und Weise, wie wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken und Informationszentren ihre Dienste anbieten. Die Generation Z, die aktuelle Studierenden- und junge Doktorand*innen-Generation, ist eine der wichtigsten Nutzer*innengruppen dieser Einrichtungen. Dennoch ist unser Wissen über ihre Arbeitsweisen, Kommunikationskanäle und Erwartungen noch begrenzt. Für eine nutzer*innenorientierte Weiterentwicklung von Servicekonzepten, Systemen und Informationen, wurden daher in dieser Studie persönliche Gespräche mit Angehörigen der Generation Z (bis einschließlich 25 Jahre) geführt. Das Vorgehen war explorativ und die Teilnehmer*innen wurden in semistrukturierten Leitfaden[1]Interviews befragt, wodurch 58 Online-Interviews entstanden sind, die aufschlussreiche Einblicke in das Nutzungsverhalten liefern. Die Ergebnisse wurden während der Corona-Pandemie 2020 erhoben und enthalten u. a. viele Wünsche und Verbesserungsvorschläge, aber auch Schwierigkeiten, mit denen die jungen Erwachsenen konfrontiert sind.The ongoing digital transformation of our society is continuously leading to significant changes in the way that academic libraries and information centers offer their services. The Generation Z, also known as the current student and young doctoral generation, is one of the most important user groups of these facilities. However, our knowledge about their working methods, communication channels and expectations is still limited. Therefore, this study conducted personal interviews with members of Generation Z (up to 25 years) in order to develop user-oriented service concepts, systems, and information. The approach was exploratory and participants were interviewed in semi-structured guideline interviews, resulting in 58 online interviews that provide insightful insights into usage behavior. The results were collected during the coronavirus pandemic of 2020 and include many requests and suggestions for improvement, as well as difficulties faced by young adults

Effects of Exercise Training on Neuromuscular Junction Morphology and Pre- to Post-Synaptic Coupling in Young and Aged Rats

The objective of this study was to determine whether pre- to post-synaptic coupling of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) could be maintained in the face of significant morphological remodeling brought about by exercise training, and whether aging altered this capacity. Eighteen young adult (8 mo) and eighteen aged (24 mo) Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to either endurance trained (treadmill running) or untrained control conditions resulting in four groups (N = 9 / group). After the 10-week intervention rats were euthanized and hindlimb muscles were surgically removed, quickly frozen at approximate resting length and stored at - 85 degrees C. The plantaris and EDL muscles were selected for study as they have different functions (ankle extensor and ankle flexor, respectively) but both are similarly and overwhelmingly comprised of fast-twitch myofibers. NMJs were stained with immunofluorescent procedures and images were collected with confocal microscopy. Each variable of interest was analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA with main effects of age and endurance training; in all cases significance was set at P \u3c = 0.05. Results showed that no main effects of aging were detected in NMJs of either the plantaris or the EDL. Similarly, endurance training failed to alter any synaptic parameters of EDL muscles. The same exercise stimulus in the plantaris however, resulted in significant pre- and post-synaptic remodeling, but without altering pre- to post-synaptic coupling of the NMJs. Myofiber profiles of the same plantaris and EDL muscles were also analyzed. Unlike NMJs, myofibers displayed significant age-related atrophy in both the plantaris and EDL muscles. Overall, these results confirm that despite significant training-induced reconfiguration of NMJs, pre- to post-synaptic coupling remains intact underscoring the importance of maintaining proper apposition of neurotransmitter release and binding sites so that effective nerve to muscle communication is assured. (C) 2015 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved