33 research outputs found

    HÄllbar avfallshantering: utvÀrdering av styrmedel frÄn ett psykologiskt och etnologiskt perspektiv

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    Inom psykologi och etnologi studeras företeelser ur perspektiv som Ă„terfinns hos den enskilda individen samt i det lokala eller sociala sammanhanget. I studien har olika styrmedel bedömts frĂ„n ett etnologiskt och psykologiskt perspektiv. Studien har dĂ€rvid inneburit nya arbetsmetoder – i varken psykologi eller etnologi brukar man arbeta med att förutsĂ€ga hur olika medel (t.ex. styrmedel) pĂ„verkar mĂ€nniskan, normalt arbetar man efter att beskriva hur mĂ€nniskan upplever ett befintligt styrmedel. Nytt i arbetssĂ€ttet Ă€r ocksĂ„ att utvĂ€rdera styrmedlen i olika framtidsscenarier. De viktigaste slutsatserna om de studerade styrmedlen Ă€r enligt följande. Information Ă€r ett viktigt styrmedel, men bör frĂ€mst ses i kombination med andra styrmedel. Information bör utformas sĂ„ att den Ă€r anpassad för olika grupper, hellre Ă€n massutskick och glĂ€ttiga kampanjer. Informationen bör vara bĂ„de deklarativ (ge information om effekter och konsekvenser) och procedurell (beskriva hur man ska göra). Information Ă€r viktigast som styrmedel i de hĂ„llbara scenarierna, men Ă€r av betydelse i samtliga scenarier. Vad gĂ€ller verksamheter kan man skilja pĂ„ information till företagsledningen och information till anstĂ€llda. Styrmedlet ”Reklam ja tack” förvĂ€ntas leda till minskad mĂ€ngd pappersavfall och Ă€r lĂ€tt att förstĂ„ för hushĂ„llen. Styrmedlet Ă€r mest effektivt i de hĂ„llbara scenarierna. Styrmedlet bedöms verksamt Ă€ven i scenariot regional marknad eftersom det dĂ„ Ă€r större tryck pĂ„ verksamheterna att föra ut sitt budskap. Negativ kemikaliemĂ€rkning bedöms vara ett effektivt styrmedel, och framför allt effektivare Ă€n positiv mĂ€rkning. Negativ kemikaliemĂ€rkning bedöms ocksĂ„ vara effektivt i alla scenarier. I styrmedlet viktbaserad avfallstaxa kan storleken pĂ„ den rörliga delen av avfallstaxan pĂ„verka styrmedlets genomslagskraft. Viktbaserad avfallstaxa bedöms fungera bĂ€st i de marknadsdrivna scenarierna dĂ€r individen tar ett stort ansvar sjĂ€lv. I de hĂ„llbara scenarierna kan styrmedlet komma att upplevas negativ eftersom ansvaret för miljöfrĂ„gorna Ă€r mer överflyttade till staten frĂ„n medborgarna. Miljödifferentierad avfallstaxa bedöms ge ytterst smĂ„ styreffekter eftersom det med den givna utformningen kan vara svĂ„r att kommunicera med mĂ€nniskorna. Med vissa Ă€ndringar skulle det dĂ€remot kunna bli kraftfullt. Utvecklade insamlingssystem bedöms leda till ökad kĂ€llsortering i alla scenarier. Detta gĂ€ller bĂ„de ökad fastighetsnĂ€ra insamling och insamling i materialströmmar

    Integrated approach to the assessment of CO2e-mitigation measures for the road passenger transport sector in Bahrain

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    The transport sector is one of the fastest-growing energy-consuming sectors in the world and it contributes greatly to emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). In Bahrain, CO2e emissions from the transport sector grew by an average of 8% annually between 1994 and 2006. The aim of this research was to develop an integrated approach to assess the measures adopted to reduce CO2e emissions by the transport sector within the context of climate change mitigation. This approach used the multi-criteria analysis methodology of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to embed conventional assessment methods and a participatory approach. Three extensions to the original AHP methodology were developed: multi-AHP models, scenario packaging, and the examination of the plausibility of the results. The AHP results showed that certain fuel economy standards achieved the highest scores against five qualitative and quantitative criteria. Using socially and politically acceptable options, an integrated approach to CO2e mitigation could achieve a reduction in emissions of around 22% by 2030 (compared with 2010), at a cost of USD 112 per metric tonne of avoided CO2e emissions. Results from surveys of policymakers, experts, and the general public indicated that the outcomes of scenario packaging were plausible. The contributions of this research are two-fold. First, for the first time in Bahrain, the preferences of the general public have been considered and integrated with both the preferences of policymakers and experts and the results obtained from conventional assessment methods. Second, a structured approach for the integration of different assessment methods, transferable to other contexts, was developed and examined. Furthermore, multi-AHP models were introduced that can reflect the preferences of different concerned groups. Applications of this approach include assessment of the implementation of mitigation measures that could affect a number of concerned groups, decision making in energy-consuming sectors, and development of mitigation policy packages

    Environmentally sustainable food consumption : a review and research agenda from a goal-directed perspective

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    The challenge of convincing people to change their eating habits toward more environmentally sustainable food consumption (ESFC) patterns is becoming increasingly pressing. Food preferences, choices and eating habits are notoriously hard to change as they are a central aspect of people's lifestyles and their socio-cultural environment. Many people already hold positive attitudes toward sustainable food, but the notable gap between favorable attitudes and actual purchase and consumption of more sustainable food products remains to be bridged. The current work aims to (1) present a comprehensive theoretical framework for future research on ESFC, and (2) highlight behavioral solutions for environmental challenges in the food domain from an interdisciplinary perspective. First, starting from the premise that food consumption is deliberately or unintentionally directed at attaining goals, a goal-directed framework for understanding and influencing ESFC is built. To engage in goal-directed behavior, people typically go through a series of sequential steps. The proposed theoretical framework makes explicit the sequential steps or hurdles that need to be taken for consumers to engage in ESFC. Consumers need to positively value the environment, discern a discrepancy between the desired versus the actual state of the environment, opt for action to reduce the experienced discrepancy, intend to engage in behavior that is expected to bring them closer to the desired end state, and act in accordance with their intention. Second, a critical review of the literature on mechanisms that underlie and explain ESFC (or the lack thereof) in high-income countries is presented and integrated into the goal-directed framework. This contribution thus combines a top-down conceptualization with a bottom-up literature review; it identifies and discusses factors that might hold people back from ESFC and interventions that might promote ESFC; and it reveals knowledge gaps as well as insights on how to encourage both short- and long-term ESFC by confronting extant literature with the theoretical framework. Altogether, the analysis yields a set of 33 future research questions in the interdisciplinary food domain that deserve to be addressed with the aim of fostering ESFC in the short and long term

    Statistisch-Topographische Beschreibung der Kurmark Brandenburg

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    [Borgstede]Verf. aus dem Vorwort entnommenVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Berlin, 1788. Gedruckt und verlegt von Johann Friedrich UngerErschienen: Bd. 1. - Mehr nicht erschiene

    Environmental Information—Explanatory Factors for Information Behavior

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    As sustainable waste management has become an important environmental concern, growing emphasis is being given to policy tools aimed at increasing recycling behavior by households. Information is a common policy tool, but may not always reach the individuals whose behavior is being targeted, i.e., those reluctant to recycle. This study examined individual differences in attention to recycling information and demand for such information. A nationwide survey in Sweden showed that having personal norms for recycling is important when it comes to obeying and seeking environmentally relevant information. In contrast to earlier research, this study found that lack of information alone is not a significant antecedent to the intention to seek information. Personal norms were found to moderate the effect of perceived lack of information on the intention to seek information

    The Effects of Environmental Management Systems on Source Separation in the Work and Home Settings

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    Measures that challenge the generation of waste are needed to address the global problem of the increasing volumes of waste that are generated in both private homes and workplaces. Source separation at the workplace is commonly implemented by environmental management systems (EMS). In the present study, the relationship between source separation at work and at home was investigated. A questionnaire that maps psychological and behavioural predictors of source separation was distributed to employees at different workplaces. The results show that respondents with awareness of EMS report higher levels of source separation at work, stronger environmental concern, personal and social norms, and perceive source separation to be less difficult. Furthermore, the results support the notion that after the adoption of EMS at the workplace, source separation at work spills over into source separation in the household. The potential implications for environmental management systems are discussed

    Public attitudes to climate change and carbon mitigation-Implications for energy-associated behaviours

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    This work explores public opinions regarding climate change and mitigation options and examines how psychological factors, such as attitudes, norms, and willingness to pay, determine self-reported energy-efficient behaviour. The aim is to create knowledge for the design and implementatioh of policy measures. The results of an opinion poll conducted in 2005 and 2010 are compared. The number of respondents favouring new technologies as a way to reduce emissions was substantially lower in 2010 than in 2005, whereas there was an increase in the number of people who acknowledged that lifestyle changes are necessary to counteract climate changes. This indicates. an increased awareness among the public of the need for lifestyle changes, which could facilitate implementation of policies promoting environmental behaviour. Renewable energy and energy saving measures were ranked as the top two measures for mitigating climate change in both polls. In determining which energy behaviours of the public are determined by psychological factors, an analysis of the 2010 survey revealed that respondents with pro-environmental attitudes towards global warming favour significantly increased use of renewable energy technologies and greater engagement in energy-efficient behaviours

    HÄllbar avfallshantering : utvÀrdering av styrmedel frÄn ett psykologiskt och etnologiskt perspektiv

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    Inom psykologi och etnologi studeras företeelser ur perspektiv som Ă„terfinns hos den enskilda individen samt i det lokala eller sociala sammanhanget. I studien har olika styrmedel bedömts frĂ„n ett etnologiskt och psykologiskt perspektiv. Studien har dĂ€rvid inneburit nya arbetsmetoder – i varken psykologi eller etnologi brukar man arbeta med att förutsĂ€ga hur olika medel (t.ex. styrmedel) pĂ„verkar mĂ€nniskan, normalt arbetar man efter att beskriva hur mĂ€nniskan upplever ett befintligt styrmedel. Nytt i arbetssĂ€ttet Ă€r ocksĂ„ att utvĂ€rdera styrmedlen i olika framtidsscenarier. De viktigaste slutsatserna om de studerade styrmedlen Ă€r enligt följande. Information Ă€r ett viktigt styrmedel, men bör frĂ€mst ses i kombination med andra styrmedel. Information bör utformas sĂ„ att den Ă€r anpassad för olika grupper, hellre Ă€n massutskick och glĂ€ttiga kampanjer. Informationen bör vara bĂ„de deklarativ (ge information om effekter och konsekvenser) och procedurell (beskriva hur man ska göra). Information Ă€r viktigast som styrmedel i de hĂ„llbara scenarierna, men Ă€r av betydelse i samtliga scenarier. Vad gĂ€ller verksamheter kan man skilja pĂ„ information till företagsledningen och information till anstĂ€llda. Styrmedlet ”Reklam ja tack” förvĂ€ntas leda till minskad mĂ€ngd pappersavfall och Ă€r lĂ€tt att förstĂ„ för hushĂ„llen. Styrmedlet Ă€r mest effektivt i de hĂ„llbara scenarierna. Styrmedlet bedöms verksamt Ă€ven i scenariot regional marknad eftersom det dĂ„ Ă€r större tryck pĂ„ verksamheterna att föra ut sitt budskap. Negativ kemikaliemĂ€rkning bedöms vara ett effektivt styrmedel, och framför allt effektivare Ă€n positiv mĂ€rkning. Negativ kemikaliemĂ€rkning bedöms ocksĂ„ vara effektivt i alla scenarier. I styrmedlet viktbaserad avfallstaxa kan storleken pĂ„ den rörliga delen av avfallstaxan pĂ„verka styrmedlets genomslagskraft. Viktbaserad avfallstaxa bedöms fungera bĂ€st i de marknadsdrivna scenarierna dĂ€r individen tar ett stort ansvar sjĂ€lv. I de hĂ„llbara scenarierna kan styrmedlet komma att upplevas negativ eftersom ansvaret för miljöfrĂ„gorna Ă€r mer överflyttade till staten frĂ„n medborgarna. Miljödifferentierad avfallstaxa bedöms ge ytterst smĂ„ styreffekter eftersom det med den givna utformningen kan vara svĂ„r att kommunicera med mĂ€nniskorna. Med vissa Ă€ndringar skulle det dĂ€remot kunna bli kraftfullt. Utvecklade insamlingssystem bedöms leda till ökad kĂ€llsortering i alla scenarier. Detta gĂ€ller bĂ„de ökad fastighetsnĂ€ra insamling och insamling i materialströmmar.QC 2011070
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