Identificación de indicadores de impacto en un programa de gobierno y modos de vida rurales

Se realizó un estudio para identificar y apreciar posibles indicadores que complementen formas de evaluación externas a programas oficiales de intervención agropecuaria. Se tomó como estudio de caso el subprograma local "Apoyo a Proyectos de Inversión Rural" (PAPIR) de Desarrollo Rural de la Alianza Contigo. Se trabajó con un enfoque participativo con investigadores y personas beneficiarias del programa en el año 2004 en Villa Victoria, Estado de México. Se emplearon métodos de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo considerando como enfoque a los modos de vida sustentables con el fin de interpretar los resultados desde un punto de vista amplio. Se concluyó que no existe suficiente evidencia para comprobar la operatividad funcional de las normas de operación oficiales, existe una tendencia del fomento al desarrollo rural mediante un enfoque territorial con una visión productiva. Los resultados denotan la presencia de indicadores sociales, económicos y ambientales consolidados y otros que interactúan entre sí, que no han sido considerados por la burocracia al determinar cómo evaluar el impacto del PAPIR. Se encontró que el tipo de apoyos otorgados no genera cambio alguno en el bienestar económico ni en el modo de vida de los beneficiarios

Caracterización productiva y socioeconómica del sistema de producción ovina, en un área natural protegida de México

Ante el incremento de la presencia humana y sus actividades productivas en áreas naturales protegidas, se planteó el objetivo de caracterizar el sistema de producción ovina, en el Nevado de Toluca, con información agrícola, socioeconómica y uso de los recursos de pastoreo. Un total de 162 productores fueron entrevistados, se analizaron 25 variables con estadística multivariada y univariada. Mediante análisis de componentes principales se obtuvieron seis factores que explican el 71 % de la varianza. El análisis cluster permitió identificar tres grupos de productores: pequeños (28 %), intermedios (35 %) y capitalizados (6 %), diferenciados por el número de animales, superficie cultivada e ingresos (P0.05) y se encontró que los rebaños aportan menos del 30 % del ingreso familiar. El 58 % de los rebaños ingresa al bosque, para realizar pastoreo circulante, pero el 60 % se maneja semi-estabulado. Se concluye que la producción del sistema no depende de la capitalización del productor, pero el rebaño es esencial en la economía familiar, y el manejo de los animales es compatible con los esfuerzos de conservación del área natural protegida

Evaluación de la selectividad del herbicida Pledge, en mezcla con preemergentes en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.)

El cultivo de Maíz (Zea mays L.), es de gran importancia, dado su consumo y uso, como la elaboración de alimentos procesados para la nutrición humana y animal. Pero entre la problemática que se presenta en este cultivo  tenemos las malezas, que constituyen un problema en la agricultura por ser plantas agresivas, que afectan su normal crecimiento y desarrollo. La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la selectividad del herbicida Pledge, en mezclas con preemergentes para el control malezas gramíneas y hoja ancha.  Los resultados determinaron que a los 15 días la mayor altura de planta fue 12,92 cm, con la mezcla de Pledge+Glyphosato (510 g/kg+480 g/l + Pledge+Paraquat), Mientras que los 45 días, la aplicación de Pledge produjo 138,37 cm. En la longitud de mazorca, la mezcla Pledge+Glyphosato (510 g/kg+480 g/l) con 18,75 cm y el diámetro de mazorca, con la aplicación de Pledge (510 g/kg) + Pendimethalin+Atrazina (400 g/l+900 g/kg con 8,12 cm. Sin embargo, la aplicación de Pledge (510 g/kg) en sus dos dosificaciones produjo los mayores pesos, 211,22 y 210,52 gramos, en relación con el testigo absoluto que registró el menor peso con 167,10 gramos. Se identificaron las especies Amaranthus (Amaranthus dubius), Paja de burro (Eleusine indica), Coquito (Cyperus rotundus), Caminadora (Rottboellia exaltata), donde el nivel de control estuvo en el rango del 93% al 96%, el nivel de toxicidad de acuerdo con la escala de (ALAM), fue a partir de los 14 días que lo ubica con Clorosis más pronunciada, manchas neurótica y malformaciones

Análisis del uso de la herramienta Dspace para la gestión de información: implementación de un repositorio institucional

The new context presents higher education institutions and institutes with an important need for an adequate communications infrastructure to enable them to obtain the required data. Organizational repositories play an important role as storage needs arise over time, i.e., the huge accumulation of documents, so setting up such repositories facilitates the smooth running of daily operations. This type of repository allows to know the scientific production of the institution, to make it known to researchers and those in charge of it. un. its activities un. Organization. This type of repository allows the knowledge of the scientific production of the organization, researchers and acting as manager of the organization. Current functions to solve the use of IT tools DSPACE to manage electronic information in organizations, and are aimed at implementing the ISSTT archive, to achieve research, reimbursement, fast fruits and branding. As the theoretical methodology for the implementation of the institutional reference system, the following can be assumed: the samples choose, cure, buy and restore; the principles of building institutional archives in Ecuador and technical guidelines for the implementation of archives. This program is an effective information management tool, which provides an integrated solution to manage, process and protect electronic and digital documents, building a store of stores, simplifying the search and retrieval information. After the survey, an institutional reference system was created through the use of Dspace softwareEl nuevo contexto presenta a las instituciones de educación superior e institutos una importante necesidad de contar con una adecuada infraestructura de comunicaciones que les permita obtener los datos requeridos. Los repositorios organizacionales juegan un papel importante a medida que surgen las necesidades de almacenamiento con el tiempo, es decir, la enorme acumulación de documentos, por lo que configurar dichos repositorios facilita la buena ejecución de las operaciones diarias. Este tipo de depósito permite conocer la producción científica de la institución, para darla a conocer a los investigadores y encargados de la misma. un. sus actividades un. Organización. Este tipo de almacén permite el conocimiento de la producción científica de la organización, los investigadores y la actuación como director de la organización. Funciones actuales para resolver el uso de herramientas de TI DSPACE para administrar la información electrónica en las organizaciones, y están dirigidas a implementar el archivo ISSTT, para lograr la investigación, el reembolso, las frutas y la marca rápidas. Como la metodología teórica para la implementación del sistema de referencia institucional, Lo siguiente puede asumir: las muestras eligen, cura, compre y restauran; Los principios de construir archivos institucionales en Ecuador y directrices técnicas para la implementación de archivos. Este programa es una herramienta de gestión de la información efectiva, que proporciona una solución integrada para administrar, procesar y proteger documentos electrónicos y digitales, construyendo una tienda de almacenes, simplificando la información de búsqueda y recuperación. Después de la encuesta, se creó un sistema de referencia institucional a través del uso. del software Dspace

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

The first myriapod genome sequence reveals conservative arthropod gene content and genome organisation in the centipede Strigamia maritima.

Myriapods (e.g., centipedes and millipedes) display a simple homonomous body plan relative to other arthropods. All members of the class are terrestrial, but they attained terrestriality independently of insects. Myriapoda is the only arthropod class not represented by a sequenced genome. We present an analysis of the genome of the centipede Strigamia maritima. It retains a compact genome that has undergone less gene loss and shuffling than previously sequenced arthropods, and many orthologues of genes conserved from the bilaterian ancestor that have been lost in insects. Our analysis locates many genes in conserved macro-synteny contexts, and many small-scale examples of gene clustering. We describe several examples where S. maritima shows different solutions from insects to similar problems. The insect olfactory receptor gene family is absent from S. maritima, and olfaction in air is likely effected by expansion of other receptor gene families. For some genes S. maritima has evolved paralogues to generate coding sequence diversity, where insects use alternate splicing. This is most striking for the Dscam gene, which in Drosophila generates more than 100,000 alternate splice forms, but in S. maritima is encoded by over 100 paralogues. We see an intriguing linkage between the absence of any known photosensory proteins in a blind organism and the additional absence of canonical circadian clock genes. The phylogenetic position of myriapods allows us to identify where in arthropod phylogeny several particular molecular mechanisms and traits emerged. For example, we conclude that juvenile hormone signalling evolved with the emergence of the exoskeleton in the arthropods and that RR-1 containing cuticle proteins evolved in the lineage leading to Mandibulata. We also identify when various gene expansions and losses occurred. The genome of S. maritima offers us a unique glimpse into the ancestral arthropod genome, while also displaying many adaptations to its specific life history.This work was supported by the following grants: NHGRIU54HG003273 to R.A.G; EU Marie Curie ITN #215781 “Evonet” to M.A.; a Wellcome Trust Value in People (VIP) award to C.B. and Wellcome Trust graduate studentship WT089615MA to J.E.G; Marine rhythms of Life” of the University of Vienna, an FWF (http://www.fwf.ac.at/) START award (#AY0041321) and HFSP (http://www.hfsp.org/) research grant (#RGY0082/2010) to KT-­‐R; MFPL Vienna International PostDoctoral Program for Molecular Life Sciences (funded by Austrian Ministry of Science and Research and City of Vienna, Cultural Department -­‐Science and Research to T.K; Direct Grant (4053034) of the Chinese University of Hong Kong to J.H.L.H.; NHGRI HG004164 to G.M.; Danish Research Agency (FNU), Carlsberg Foundation, and Lundbeck Foundation to C.J.P.G.; U.S. National Institutes of Health R01AI55624 to J.H.W.; Royal Society University Research fellowship to F.M.J.; P.D.E. was supported by the BBSRC via the Babraham Institute;This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from PLOS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.100200

The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Comment: Accepted to ApJ

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : targeting and first spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.Peer reviewe

A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity