Spintronic reservoir computing without driving current or magnetic field

Recent studies have shown that nonlinear magnetization dynamics excited in nanostructured ferromagnets are applicable to brain-inspired computing such as physical reservoir computing. The previous works have utilized the magnetization dynamics driven by electric current and/or magnetic field. This work proposes a method to apply the magnetization dynamics driven by voltage control of magnetic anisotropy to physical reservoir computing, which will be preferable from the viewpoint of low-power consumption. The computational capabilities of benchmark tasks in single MTJ are evaluated by numerical simulation of the magnetization dynamics and found to be comparable to those of echo-state networks with more than 10 nodes.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Numerical Study on Spin Torque Switching in Thermally Activated Region

We studied the spin torque switching of the single free layer in the thermally activated region by numerically solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. We found that the temperature dependence of the switching time of the in-plane magnetized system is nonlinear, which means $b \neq 1$. Here, $b$ is the exponent of the current term in the switching rate formula and has been widely assumed to be unity. This result enables us to evaluate the thermal stability of spintronics devices.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Characterization of L-Arginine Oxidase Made from L-Glutamate Oxidase

　L‒Glutamate oxidase (LGOX) from Streptomyces sp. X‒119‒6 has strict substrate specificity toward L‒glutamate. Recently, we solved the X‒ray crystal structure of LGOX and this revealed that Arg305 in the active site is the key residue involved in substrate recognition. Therefore, we created 19 mutant enzymes of R305X‒LGOX by saturation mutagenesis. One of them R305D‒LGOX, Arg305 substituted with Asp exhibited oxidase activity for L‒Arg. Optimum pH of R305D‒LGOX mutant enzyme was pH 8.5. Interestingly, the activity of R305D‒LGOX toward L‒Arg was inhibited by phosphate. And furthermore, the substrate specificity of R305D‒LGOX was affected by using buffer. The results of inhibition analysis suggest, that phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of R305D‒LGOX when L‒Arg is used as substrate. Kinetic analysis of R305D‒LGOX showed that Km value and kcat value of R305D‒LGOX toward l-Arg were 0.68 mM and 6.7 s-1 respectively. In this study, we showed that R305D‒LGOX mutant enzyme is a novel l-arginine oxidase and useful for l-arginine biosensor

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe