Analyzing Roles, Barriers, and Supports of Co‐researchers in Inclusive Research

[EN]Background: Current research demands we rethink the roles of people with intellectual disabilities in the research that affects them. The paradigm of inclusive research responds to this need. Although specialized literature is progressively adopting a more inclusive research approach, the study of roles and relationships within inclusive research and reflections on the process of doing participatory research has received little attention. From a qualitative approach and a participatory action research framework this study aims to: (1) report the experience of involving adults with intellectual disabilities in an inclusive research, and their improvements in terms of developed competencies; (2) identify their perceived roles as researchers, and (3) describe their perceived barriers and facilitators during the research process. Methods: This study describes the experiences of 11 adults with intellectual disabilities who participated in a project aimed at evaluating the cognitive accessibility of public spaces and services in a Chilean city for 14 months. Findings: Different roles emerged, ranging from apprentices to experts by experience, and were adopted to different extent by co-researchers as the process evolved. Co-researchers developed conceptual, procedural, and attitudinal skills. They also identified contextual and personal barriers as well as facilitators consisting of natural, professional, and community supports, as well as assisted technology while performing their role as co-researchers. Conclusion: Inclusive research is a challenging evolving process and it requires ongoing support and feedback to monitor the process and the outcomes to guarantee that all the participants perform different roles involved while meeting the goals of the research

Habilidades de autodeterminação em estudantes chilenos com deficiência intelectual: caminhando em direção à inclusão bem-sucedida

Self-determination has become a key construct to guarantee the principle of educational inclusion. The development of these skills, among other benefits, allows students with disabilities to encourage their participation in the ordinary curriculum and increase their skills for the development of an independent life. This study, through the application of the arc-inico Scale, evaluates the self-perceptions of 264 Chilean students with intellectual disabilities about their self-determination. The main results show low levels of self determination and poor management of skills related to self-knowledge, the locus of internal control or self-defense. In addition, the severity of the disability or the type of educational establishment, are identified as incident factors in achieving this important goal. The analysis of the results, in the light of the literature, highlights the importance of reorienting the supports directed to these students and to propose formative programs that allow to work on these skills. In this way, it is possible to concretize in practice the principles that, according to the legislation, contribute to generating inclusive environments in the classrooms.La autodeterminación se ha convertido en un constructo clave para garantizar el principio de inclusión educativa. El desarrollo de estas habilidades, entre otros beneficios, permite a los estudiantes con discapacidad fomentar su participación en el currículum ordinario e incrementar sus competencias para el desarrollo de una vida independiente. En este artículo de investigación se presenta un estudio que, mediante la aplicación de la Escala arc-inico, evalúa las autopercepciones de 264 estudiantes chilenos con discapacidad intelectual sobre su autodeterminación. Los principales resultados evidencian bajos niveles de autodeterminación y escaso manejo de habilidades relacionadas con el autoconocimiento, el locus de control interno o la autodefensa. Además, la severidad de la discapacidad o el tipo de establecimiento educativo se identifican como factores incidentes en el logro de esta importante meta. El análisis de los resultados a la luz de la literatura, revela la importancia de reorientar los apoyos dirigidos a estos estudiantes y plantear programas formativos que permitan trabajar estas habilidades. De esta manera, es posible ir concretando en la práctica los principios que, según la legislación, contribuyen a generar ambientes inclusivos en las aulas.A autodeterminação tornou-se uma construção fundamental para garantir o princípio da inclusão educacional. O desenvolvimento dessas habilidades, entre outros benefícios, permite que os alunos com deficiência promovam sua participação no currículo comum e aumentem suas habilidades para o desenvolvimento de uma vida independente. Este artigo de pesquisa apresenta um estudo que, aplicando a Escala arc-inico, avalia a autopercepção de 264 estudantes chilenos com deficiência intelectual em relação à autodeterminação. Os principais resultados mostram baixos níveis de autodeterminação e pouco gerenciamento de habilidades relacionadas ao autoconhecimento, lócus interno de controle ou autodefesa. Além disso, a gravidade da deficiência ou o tipo de estabelecimento educacional são identificados como fatores incidentes para alcançar esse importante objetivo. A análise dos resultados à luz da literatura revela a importância de reorientar os apoios direcionados a esses alunos e propor programas de treinamento que permitam o aprimoramento dessas habilidades. Dessa forma, é possível concretizar na prática os princípios que, de acordo com a legislação, contribuem para gerar ambientes inclusivos nas salas de aula

Posicionamiento discursivo de adultos con discapacidad intelectual frente a los desafíos de una vida independiente

The present study aims to characterize the discourse of a group of adults with intellectual disabilities from the modalities of the statement and thus to know the discursive position they have regarding the challenges of Independent Living. For this, a qualitative research was designed that led to the realization of six focus groups, where 8 adults with intellectual disabilities participated. The topics covered were Independent Living, Friendship, Family, Work and Health. The total corpus transcribed was 88,494, using Discourse Analysis as the study method. Among the main results, the majority presence of epistemic statements in the five thematic areas stands out, thus realizing that they know and become aware of the impact that these areas of action have on their lives. On the other hand, alethic sentences are the ones that present the least presence in the corpus, which indicates the scarce sensation of projection they have.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo  caracterizar el discurso de un grupo de adultos con discapacidad intelectual desde las modalidades del enunciado y así conocer el posicionamiento discursivo que tienen respecto de los desafíos de la Vida Independiente. Para ello se diseñó una investigación cualitativa que llevó a la realización de seis focus group, donde participaron 8 adultos con discapacidad intelectual. Los temas abordados fueron Vida Independiente, Amistad, Familia, Trabajo y Salud. El corpus total transcrito fue de 88. 494, utilizando el Análisis del Discurso como método de estudio. Entre los principales resultados se destaca la presencia mayoritaria de enunciados epistémicos en los cinco ámbitos temáticos, dando cuenta con esto que ellos conocen y toman conciencia del impacto que tiene en su vidas estos ámbitos de acción. Por otro lado, los enunciados aléticos son lo que presentan menor presencia en el corpus, lo que indica la escasa sensación de proyección que tienen.La présente étude vise à caractériser le discours d'un groupe d'adultes déficients intellectuels à partir des modalités de l'énoncé et ainsi connaître la position discursive qu'ils ont face aux enjeux de la vie autonome. Pour cela, une recherche qualitative a été conçue qui a conduit à la réalisation de six groupes de discussion, auxquels ont participé 8 adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Les sujets abordés étaient la vie autonome, l'amitié, la famille, le travail et la santé. Le corpus total transcrit était de 88,494, en utilisant l'analyse du discours comme méthode d'étude. Parmi les principaux résultats, la présence majoritaire d'énoncés épistémiques dans les cinq domaines thématiques se démarque, réalisant ainsi qu'ils connaissent et prennent conscience de l'impact que ces domaines d'action ont sur leur vie. En revanche, les phrases aléthiques sont celles qui présentent le moins de présence dans le corpus, ce qui indique la rare sensation de projection qu'elles ont.O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o discurso de um grupo de adultos com deficiência intelectual a partir das modalidades do enunciado e, assim, conhecer a posição discursiva que eles possuem frente aos desafios da Vida Independente. Para isso, foi desenhada uma pesquisa qualitativa que levou à realização de seis grupos focais, onde participaram 8 adultos com deficiência intelectual. Os temas abordados foram Vida Independente, Amizade, Família, Trabalho e Saúde. O corpus total transcrito foi de 88.494, tendo como método de estudo a Análise do Discurso. Dentre os principais resultados, destaca-se a presença majoritária de enunciados epistêmicos nas cinco áreas temáticas, percebendo que conhecem e se conscientizam do impacto que essas áreas de atuação têm em suas vidas. Por outro lado, os enunciados aléticos são os que apresentam menos presença no corpus, o que indica a escassa sensação de projeção que possuem

Effects of ocean sprawl on ecological connectivity: impacts and solutions

The growing number of artificial structures in estuarine, coastal and marine environments is causing “ocean sprawl”. Artificial structures do not only modify marine and coastal ecosystems at the sites of their placement, but may also produce larger-scale impacts through their alteration of ecological connectivity - the movement of organisms, materials and energy between habitat units within seascapes. Despite the growing awareness of the capacity of ocean sprawl to influence ecological connectivity, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how artificial structures modify ecological connectivity in near- and off-shore environments, and when and where their effects on connectivity are greatest. We review the mechanisms by which ocean sprawl may modify ecological connectivity, including trophic connectivity associated with the flow of nutrients and resources. We also review demonstrated, inferred and likely ecological impacts of such changes to connectivity, at scales from genes to ecosystems, and potential strategies of management for mitigating these effects. Ocean sprawl may alter connectivity by: (1) creating barriers to the movement of some organisms and resources - by adding physical barriers or by modifying and fragmenting habitats; (2) introducing new structural material that acts as a conduit for the movement of other organisms or resources across the landscape; and (3) altering trophic connectivity. Changes to connectivity may, in turn, influence the genetic structure and size of populations, the distribution of species, and community structure and ecological functioning. Two main approaches to the assessment of ecological connectivity have been taken: (1) measurement of structural connectivity - the configuration of the landscape and habitat patches and their dynamics; and (2) measurement of functional connectivity - the response of organisms or particles to the landscape. Our review reveals the paucity of studies directly addressing the effects of artificial structures on ecological connectivity in the marine environment, particularly at large spatial and temporal scales. With the ongoing development of estuarine and marine environments, there is a pressing need for additional studies that quantify the effects of ocean sprawl on ecological connectivity. Understanding the mechanisms by which structures modify connectivity is essential if marine spatial planning and eco-engineering are to be effectively utilised to minimise impacts

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ -> l nu q(q)over-bar production in proton-proton collisions at root s=8TeV

Peer reviewe

Advancing in self-determination: study on the self-perceptions of adults with intellectual disabilities from an inclusive research perspective

La autodeterminación se ha convertido en el constructo clave para garantizar el desarrollo de habilidades que permitan a las personas con discapacidad adquirir el control sobre sus vidas. Este estudio, desde un paradigma de investigación inclusiva, busca valorar las autopercepciones sobre autodeterminación de 122 personas adultas con discapacidad intelectual en Chile. Los datos de esta investigación se han recopilado mediante un cuestionario ad hoc en formato de software online y una entrevista semiestructurada. Los principales resultados evidencian cómo los y las participantes presentan bajos niveles de autodeterminación. El desarrollo de competencias relacionadas con la autodefensa o autoinstrucción está muy descendido a diferencia de otras habilidades como la toma de decisiones o la resolución de problemas. A partir de estas evidencias se discute cómo los desafíos a los que se enfrentan estas personas durante su adultez (reubicación del lugar de residencia, envejecimiento, etc.) exigen nuevas estrategias que orienten el trabajo sobre autodeterminación. Además, el desarrollo de investigaciones inclusivas que involucran la participación real de personas con discapacidad intelectual se revela como un elemento importante para el fomento de la autodeterminación

Yo leo y tú escribes: una experiencia de lectura literaria y escritura creativa en un grupo de adultos con discapacidad intelectual

This article aimed to investigate the experiences of creative reading and writing of a group of adults with intellectual disabilities through the implementation of workshops that allowed them to redefine their relationship with literature. For this, a didactic experience was designed and implemented during the COVID-19 Pandemic period, allowing a group of 9 adults with intellectual disabilities to experience literary reading and creative writing in a space for recreation and emotional containment, sharing resources of expression and creativity that allowed them not only to enhance their independent life, from a rights perspective but also to develop creativity. The methodology was designed and implemented under the inclusive research model (Salmon et al., 2018) and from a qualitative paradigm. Among the main results are the identification of the reading and writing interests of the group, a didactic model that suggests activities and resources to address the creation of literary workshops for adults with intellectual disabilities and, finally, the primary evaluations of the Advisory Group regarding the experience of participating in these workshops.El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo indagar en las experiencias de lectura y escritura creativa de un grupo de adultos con discapacidad intelectual, mediante la implementación de talleres que les permitieran resignificar su relación con la literatura. Para ello se diseñó e implementó una experiencia didáctica que permitió que un grupo de 9 adultos con discapacidad intelectual, durante el periodo de Pandemia COVID-19 pudiera experimentar la lectura literaria y la escritura creativa en un espacio de recreación y contención emocional, compartiendo recursos de expresión y creatividad que les permitió no solo potenciar su vida independiente, desde la perspectiva del enfoque de derechos, sino también desarrollar la creatividad. La metodología se diseñó e implementó bajo el modelo de investigación inclusiva (Salmon, Barry & Hutchins, 2018) y desde un paradigma cualitativo. Entre los principales resultados se encuentran la identificación de los intereses de lectura y escritura que este grupo tenía; también fue posible crear un modelo didáctico que sugiere actividades y recursos para abordar la creación de talleres literarios para adultos con discapacidad intelectual y, finalmente, recoger las principales valoraciones del Grupo Asesor en torno a la experiencia de participar en estos talleres

Chilean adults with intellectual disabilities: beliefs, attitudes and parental perceptions about their self-determination

El desarrollo de habilidades de autodeterminación en personas con discapacidad intelectual debe impulsarse desde contextos naturales y no solo desde entornos formales. Para conocer el grado en que las familias pueden facilitar o dificultar la autodeterminación, se han analizado, desde un paradigma cuantitativo no experimental, las creencias, percepciones y actitudes sobre autodeterminación de 282 padres y madres de personas adultas con discapacidad intelectual en Chile. Los principales resultados evidencian cómo las actitudes y creencias a favor de la autodeterminación incrementan el desempeño de estas habilidades entre los hijos. Igualmente, son los adultos con discapacidades severas quienes reciben, por parte de los padres, menos oportunidades para desarrollar su autodeterminación. La discusión de estos hallazgos permite inferir ciertas tendencias de acción entre los hijos a partir de las creencias y actitudes de los progenitores. Esto ayuda a identificar necesidades formativas en las familias y a orientar futuras intervenciones sobre este constructo desde el contexto familiar