Dynamics of Macronutrients in the San Jorge Gulf During Spring and Summer

Following designation of San Jorge Gulf (SJG) as a priority for marine conservation by the Argentine scientific community, it was included in the “Pampa Azul” government initiative. As a contribution to this initiative, we analyzed macronutrient distribution and its relationship to the stratification and primary producer biomass in the water column during austral summer 2014 and spring 2016. In addition, we determined dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll concentrations, and pH. During both seasons in the central and northern gulf, strong stratification separated nutrient-poor, oxygenated surface waters from nutrient-rich, less-oxygenated deep waters. Thermal stratification was correlated to nutrient concentrations. Oxygen decreased up to 60% in bottom waters, although hypoxic conditions were not found. Nitrate limited primary production in surface waters. A tidal front near the gulf’s mouth in the south and wind-forced upwelling in the southwestern coastal zone naturally fertilized the waters. Although there is no information on the precise amount of nutrients each source contributes to the SJG, a shortcut in the path toward resource conservation could be directed through the processes associated with water column stratification because it determines the availability of surface nutrients to primary producers.Fil: Torres, Américo Iadran. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Paparazzo, Flavio Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Williams, Gabriela Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Rivas, Andres Lujan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Solis, Miriam Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Esteves, Jose Luis. Fundación Patagonia Natural, Chubut; Argentin

Química Orgánica : de la arquitectura molecular a la función biológica : curso de Química Orgánica para carreras del área de las Ciencias Biológicas

Presentamos este libro de química orgánica como una invitación a viajar: constituye un desafío en la construcción del propio conocimiento, para alumnos de las carreras del área de las ciencias biológicas. Es una invitación a comenzar a explorar las bases moleculares de la vida. El desafío es llegar a comprender las bases estructurales del comportamiento fisicoquímico de las biomoléculas que intervienen en el metabolismo primario, bajo este axioma: la estructura de las moléculas determina la forma y la forma, determina la función biológica. Hemos acuñado este axioma a lo largo de más de veinte años dedicados a la docencia en la cátedra de Química Orgánica de la Sede Puerto Madryn de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco y hemos guiado nuestra práctica docente hacia la comprensión de ese principio que constituye el eje fundamental del desarrollo de contenidos en la materia. ¿Por qué hablamos de viaje? Porque planteamos un recorrido a través del cual el alumno (sirviéndose del lenguaje y sistemas de representación de la química orgánica) pueda iniciar el estudio de esta disciplina teniendo en claro cuál es el final del camino. Se presentan ante el alumno desde el inicio, las estructuras químicas de las principales biomoléculas que sostienen el metabolismo primario: ácidos nucleicos, proteínas, lípidos y carbohidratos. El principal objetivo es llegar a manejar con soltura todos los aspectos estructurales de esas biomoléculas, que permitan comprender los aspectos fisicoquímicos que determinan su comportamiento biológico.Fil: Díaz de Vivar, María Enriqueta Adela. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Solis, Miriam Edith. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Avaro, Marisa Gladis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentin

Patagonian dust as a source of macronutrients in the Southwest Atlantic ocean

The role of Patagonian wind-borne dust as a source of macronutrients to the surface waters of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean was evaluated for the first time. During spring 2016, a series of experiments with dust was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of macronutrient dissolution in seawater. The results showed a differential contribution of macronutrients to seawater depending on the dust source and the amount added. Addition of a conservative amount of Patagonian dust to the seawater contributed nitrate (NO − 3 ) and silicic acid (Si(OH) 4 ), but not phosphate (PO 4 3– ). Additional dust input to the system resulted in higher macronutrient concentrations. Particles collected from a nearby burned field did not contribute any macronutrients to the seawater. Thus, each dust event may affect biological productivity differently, depending on the source of the particles. Dissolution experiments suggest that macronutrients from dust are available immediately after particle deposition on the sea surface. The study includes field measurements of macronutrient concentrations before and after a dust storm at three nearshore marine stations. The data are consistent with macronutrient increase after the storms. Dust storms could become a very important source of nutrients to the ocean in future global warming scenarios.Fil: Paparazzo, Flavio Emiliano. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Crespi Abril, Augusto Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Gonçalves, Rodrigo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Barbieri, Elena Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Gracia Villalobos, Leilen Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Solis, Miriam Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Rodrigo Gaspar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentin

Frequency and Distribution of Pulpal Calcifications in Teeth Involved in Jaw Tumors

Pulp calcifications are idiopathic mineralized masses associated with irritation, age, trauma, and systemic or genetic diseases. The objective of this work was to examine frequency and distribution of pulp calcifications in teeth involved in jaw tumors, analyzing their relationship with age, sex, location, size, and diagnosis of the lesion in a sample of 21 teeth associated with tumors of the jaws. Imaging analysis included CT scans, periapical X-rays, and orthopantomography of the clinical record; histological analysis included pulp tissue fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h, with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and examined under light microscope. A chi-square test was applied to associate calcifications with all variables. The tumor lesions were from patients aged 17–66 years. Calcifications were observed in 38.1% of cases on image and histologically in 76.2%; 56% were nodular and 68.8% were distributed in chamber and root canal. The male sex presented a higher frequency of pulp calcifications, estimating a statistically significant difference with respect to women (p = 0.004); there was no statistical significance with the other variables. In conclusion, the pulp tissue of teeth affected by maxillary tumors presents a percentage of pulp calcifications similar to the tissue where the periradicular tissue is intact

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens