Marrying research evidence and policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Case of Violence

Violence is probably the most important public health problem in Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite the efforts to attach that problem, research and policies do not feedback each other in an apropiate way. There is need for develop implementation research in the region in order to reduce that gap.Fil: Ardila Gómez, Sara Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Lanus. Departamento de Salud Comunitaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Área de Salud Pública y Salud Mental; ArgentinaFil: Lugo Palacios, D.. London School Of Hygiene And Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Vargas Palacios, E.. No especifíca

A Mixed Heterobimetallic Y/Eu-MOF for the Cyanosilylation and Hydroboration of Carbonyls

Supplementary Materials The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/catal12030299/s1. Table S1: Elemental analysis of compounds Y/Eu-MOF. Table S2: ICP-AES results of compound Y/Eu-MOF. Table S3: Crystallographic data and structure refinement details of compound Y/Eu-MOF. Table S4: Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°) for compound Y/Eu-MOF. Table S5: Table of the continuous Shape Measurements for the MN3O6 coordination environment. Table S6: Table of the continuous Shape Measurements for the MO8 coordination environment. Table S7: Electrophoretic mobility and ζ-potential dependence, with the pH of the Y/Eu-MOFs particles dispersed in water. Conductivity fixed at 330 µS/cm. Table S8: Optimization of the reaction conditions in the hydroboration reaction. Table S9: Green metrics calculated for Y/Eu-MOF catalyst. Table S10: Catalytic cyanosilylation of benzaldehyde performances of Ln-MOFs, as reported in the literature. Figure S1: Figure of the pattern matching analysis and experimental PXRD for Y/Eu-MOF. Figure S2: Figure of the infrared spectra of the ligand and Y/Eu-MOF. Figure S3: SEM and EDS mapping of bulk material of Y/Eu-MOF. Figure S4: Images and particle size distribution (an overall of 250 particles) in the deposited fraction of Y/Eu-MOF catalyst non-suspended in water (about a 68% of the total amount), determined from optical microscope images. Figure S5: Images and particle size distribution (an overall of 250 particles) of Y/Eu-MOF crystals in the fraction steadily suspended in water (about a 32% of the total amount), determined from optical microscope images. Figure S6: Comparation of the particle size distribution of Y/Eu-MOF in the fraction steadily suspended in water and the non-suspended, determined from optical microscope images. Figure S7: Calibration line of conductivity (µS/cm) vs [NaCl] (mol/L). Figure S8: ζ-potential (mV) dependence with the pH of the Y/Eu-MOF. All the measurements were performed with constant conductivity of 330 µS/cm. Figure S9: Electrophoretic mobility (µm·cm/V·s) dependence with the pH of the Y/Eu-MOF. All the measurements were performed with constant conductivity of 330 µS/cm. Figure S10: Study of the recyclability of Y/Eu-MOF (0.5 mol%) catalyst on the cyanosilylation and hydroboration reaction of acetophenone as carbonyl substrate. Figure S11: Analysis of the TOF (h−1) obtained in the cyanosilylation reaction of acetophenone at different times of reaction with Y/Eu-MOF (0.5 mol%), with the optimized reaction conditions. Figure S12: Analysis of the TOF (h−1) obtained in the hydroboration reaction acetophenone at different times of reaction with Y/Eu-MOF (0.5 mol%), with the optimized reaction conditions. Scheme S1: Reaction conditions used for the study of recyclability of Y/Eu-MOF catalysts in the cyanosilylation reaction. Scheme S2: Reaction conditions used for the study of recyclability of Y/Eu-MOF catalysts in the hydroboration reaction. Scheme S3: Leaching test, carried out after the first and second cycles.Funding: This research has been funded by the State Research Agency (grants CTQ2017-84334-R and PGC2018-102052-B-C21) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the European Union (European Regional Development Fund—ERDF), Junta de Andalucía (P20_01041, UAL2020-AGR-B1781, B-FQM-734-UGR20 and FQM-394). E.E., S.R., and J.P. acknowledge the Government of the Basque Country, Juan de la Cierva Incorporación (grant no. IJC2019-038894-I) and University of Almeria (grant no. HIPATIA2021_04) for their respective fellowsHerein, to the best of our knowledge, the first heterobimetallic Y/Eu porous metal–organic framework (MOF), based on 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (H2L) ligand, with the following formulae {[Y3.5Eu1.5L6(OH)3(H2O)3]·12DMF}n (in advance, namely Y/Eu-MOF), is described. The three-dimensional structure has been synthesized by solvothermal routes and thoroughly characterized, by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, electronic microscopy, ICP-AES, electrophoretic mobility, and FTIR spectra. Intriguingly, the porous nature allows for coordinated solvent molecules displacement, yielding unsaturated metal centers, which can act as a Lewis acid catalyst. This novel supramolecular entity has been tested in cyanosilylation and hydroboration reactions on carbonyl substrates of a diverse nature, exhibiting an extraordinary activity.Cierva Incorporación IJC2019-038894-IState Research Agency CTQ2017-84334-R, PGC2018-102052-B-C21University of Almeria HIPATIA2021_04Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesEuropean CommissionEuropean Regional Development FundJunta de Andalucía B-FQM-734-UGR20, FQM-394, IJC2019-038894-I, P20_01041, UAL2020-AGR-B178

Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on a Janus-Head Biquinoline Ligand as Catalysts in the Transformation of Carbonyl Compounds into Cyanohydrins and Alcohols

A new family of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) named GR-MOFs with the chemical formula {[Mx(BCA)y](H2O)z(DMF)w} (x,y,z,w: 1,1,2,0; 1,1.5,0,1; 1,2,2,1; and 1,1,0,2 for GR-MOF-11 to 14, respectively) based on s-block [M: Sr (GR-MOF-11), Ba (GR-MOF-14)] and d-block [M: Y (GR-MOF-12) and Cd (GR-MOF-13)] metals together with the biquinoline ligand 2,2′-bicinchoninic acid (H2BCA) has been synthetized by a solvothermal route and fully characterized by elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence, particle size distribution through optical microscopy, electrophoretic mobility, and finally, X-ray single-crystal and powder diffraction. The structural characterization reveals that these 2D and 3D MOFs possess a rich variety of coordination modes that maintained the Janus-head topology on the ligand in most of the cases. The new MOFs were studied in the catalyzed cyanosilylation and hydroboration of an extensive group of aldehydes and ketones, wherein the s-block metal-based MOFs GR-MOF-11 and GR-MOF-14 provided the highest efficiency ever reported in the MOF-catalyzed cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds by using only 0.5 mol % of catalyst loading, room temperature, and solvent-free conditions. Furthermore, the hydroboration of ketones has been reported for the first time with this type of s-block metal catalysts obtaining from moderate to good conversions.This research has been funded by the grants CTQ2017-84334 R, PGC2018-102052 B-C21, and PGC2018-102052 A-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, Junta de Andalucía (102C2000004, CV20-78799, P20_01041, UAL-FEDER UAL2020-AGR-B1781, FEDER 2014–2020 A-RNM-433-UGR18, ProyExcel_00386, ProyExcel_00105, B-FQM-734-UGR20, FQM-376, and FQM-394), Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT1755-22, IT1500-22), and Gobierno de España MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Unión Europea “Next GenerationEU”/PRTR (programs PDC2021-121248-I00 and PLEC2021-007774). S.R. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Fellowship (grant agreement no. IJC2019-038894-I) and J.M.P., a Hipatia fellowship (University of Almería). The authors acknowledge Manuel Pérez Mendoza from the University of Granada for his collaboration. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA

In vivo biocompatibility testing of nanoparticle-functionalized alginate–chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

Background: There is a strong interest in designing new scaffolds for their potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The incorporation of functionalization molecules can lead to the enhancement of scaffold properties, resulting in variations in scaffold compatibility. Therefore, the efficacy of the therapy could be compromised by the foreign body reaction triggered after implantation.Methods: In this study, the biocompatibilities of three scaffolds made from an alginate–chitosan combination and functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNp) and alginate-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNp + Alg) were evaluated in a subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats. Scaffolds and surrounding tissue were collected at 4-, 7- and 25-day postimplantation and processed for histological analysis and quantification of the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, macrophage profile, and proinflammatory (IL-1β and TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines.Results: Histological analysis showed a characteristic foreign body response that resolved 25 days postimplantation. The intensity of the reaction assessed through capsule thickness was similar among groups. Functionalizing the device with AuNp and AuNp + Alg decreased the expression of markers associated with cell death by apoptosis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment, suggesting increased compatibility with the host tissue. Similarly, the formation of many foreign body giant cells was prevented. Finally, an increased detection of alpha smooth muscle actin was observed, showing the angiogenic properties of the elaborated scaffolds.Conclusion: Our results show that the proposed scaffolds have improved biocompatibility and exhibit promising potential as biomaterials for elaborating tissue engineering constructs

The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) presents the first spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This ninth data release (DR9) of the SDSS project includes 535,995 new galaxy spectra (median z=0.52), 102,100 new quasar spectra (median z=2.32), and 90,897 new stellar spectra, along with the data presented in previous data releases. These spectra were obtained with the new BOSS spectrograph and were taken between 2009 December and 2011 July. In addition, the stellar parameters pipeline, which determines radial velocities, surface temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities of stars, has been updated and refined with improvements in temperature estimates for stars with T_eff<5000 K and in metallicity estimates for stars with [Fe/H]>-0.5. DR9 includes new stellar parameters for all stars presented in DR8, including stars from SDSS-I and II, as well as those observed as part of the SDSS-III Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration-2 (SEGUE-2). The astrometry error introduced in the DR8 imaging catalogs has been corrected in the DR9 data products. The next data release for SDSS-III will be in Summer 2013, which will present the first data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) along with another year of data from BOSS, followed by the final SDSS-III data release in December 2014.Comment: 9 figures; 2 tables. Submitted to ApJS. DR9 is available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr

SDSS-IV from 2014 to 2016: A Detailed Demographic Comparison over Three Years

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is one of the largest international astronomy organizations. We present demographic data based on surveys of its members from 2014, 2015 and 2016, during the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV). We find about half of SDSS-IV collaboration members were based in North America, a quarter in Europe, and the remainder in Asia and Central and South America. Overall, 26-36% are women (from 2014 to 2016), up to 2% report non-binary genders. 11-14% report that they are racial or ethnic minorities where they live. The fraction of women drops with seniority, and is also lower among collaboration leadership. Men in SDSS-IV were more likely to report being in a leadership role, and for the role to be funded and formally recognized. SDSS-IV collaboration members are twice as likely to have a parent with a college degree, than the general population, and are ten times more likely to have a parent with a PhD. This trend is slightly enhanced for female collaboration members. Despite this, the fraction of first generation college students (FGCS) is significant (31%). This fraction increased among collaboration members who are racial or ethnic minorities (40-50%), and decreased among women (15-25%). SDSS-IV implemented many inclusive policies and established a dedicated committee, the Committee on INclusiveness in SDSS (COINS). More than 60% of the collaboration agree that the collaboration is inclusive; however, collaboration leadership more strongly agree with this than the general membership. In this paper, we explain these results in full, including the history of inclusive efforts in SDSS-IV. We conclude with a list of suggested recommendations based on our findings, which can be used to improve equity and inclusion in large astronomical collaborations, which we argue is not only moral, but will also optimize their scientific output.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, accepted in PAS

Results of the worldwide, cross-sectional ASAS-PerSpA study

Objectives: To characterise peripheral musculoskeletal involvement in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) including psoriatic arthritis (PsA), across the world. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 24 participating countries. Patients with a diagnosis of axial SpA (axSpA), peripheral SpA (pSpA) or PsA according to their rheumatologist were included. The investigators were asked which diagnosis out of a list of six (axSpA, PsA, pSpA, inflammatory bowel disease-associated SpA, reactive arthritis or juvenile SpA (Juv-SpA)) fitted the patient best. Peripheral manifestations (ie, peripheral joint disease, enthesitis, dactylitis and root joint disease), their localisation and treatments were evaluated. Results: A total of 4465 patients were included (61% men, mean age 44.5 years) from four geographic areas: Latin America (n=538), Europe plus North America (n=1677), Asia (n=975) and the Middle East plus North Africa (n=1275). Of those, 78% had ever suffered from at least one peripheral musculoskeletal manifestation; 57% had peripheral joint disease, 44% had enthesitis and 15% had dactylitis. Latin American had far more often peripheral joint disease (80%) than patients from other areas. Patients with PsA had predominantly upper limb and small joint involvement (52%). Hip and shoulder involvement was found in 34% of patients. The prevalence of enthesitis ranged between 41% in patients with axSpA and 65% in patients with Juv-SpA. Dactylitis was most frequent among patients with PsA (37%). Conclusion: These results suggest that all peripheral features can be found in all subtypes of SpA, and that differences are quantitative rather than qualitative. In a high proportion of patients, axial and peripheral manifestations coincided. These findings reconfirm SpA clinical subtypes are descendants of the same underlying disease, called SpA.publishersversionpublishe

The Eighth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Data from SDSS-III

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) started a new phase in August 2008, with new instrumentation and new surveys focused on Galactic structure and chemical evolution, measurements of the baryon oscillation feature in the clustering of galaxies and the quasar Ly alpha forest, and a radial velocity search for planets around ~8000 stars. This paper describes the first data release of SDSS-III (and the eighth counting from the beginning of the SDSS). The release includes five-band imaging of roughly 5200 deg^2 in the Southern Galactic Cap, bringing the total footprint of the SDSS imaging to 14,555 deg^2, or over a third of the Celestial Sphere. All the imaging data have been reprocessed with an improved sky-subtraction algorithm and a final, self-consistent photometric recalibration and flat-field determination. This release also includes all data from the second phase of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Evolution (SEGUE-2), consisting of spectroscopy of approximately 118,000 stars at both high and low Galactic latitudes. All the more than half a million stellar spectra obtained with the SDSS spectrograph have been reprocessed through an improved stellar parameters pipeline, which has better determination of metallicity for high metallicity stars.Comment: Astrophysical Journal Supplements, in press (minor updates from submitted version

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London