Caracterização de um sistema de produção em assentamento de reforma agrária no município de Unaí – MG

A agricultura familiar no município de Unaí, MG desempenha papel fundamental, pois do total de 3.593 estabelecimentos agrícolas, 2.734 são familiares, correspondendo a 76,1% do total do município. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar os principais sistemas de produção presentes nos assentamentos, além de observar se as informações obtidas possibilitam gerar uma referência para qualificar metodologicamente a prestação de serviço de Assessoria Técnica, Social e Ambiental (ATES). O trabalho foi desenvolvido de outubro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015 no âmbito de 10 assentamentos da reforma agrária, localizados em Unaí - Minas Gerais, e a metodologia adotada foi a de Diagnóstico Rápido e Dialogado. A elaboração da caracterização possibilitou reconhecer que o meio rural não é homogêneo e é possível fazer uma diferenciação entre os tipos de sistemas. A caracterização é uma importante ferramenta, pois permite conhecer a realidade socioeconômica da família, e propor alternativas tecnológicas compatíveis com os riscos, com a força de trabalho disponível e com os recursos financeiros da família

Área verde e açude do campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará: refúgio para aves de vida livre ou oriundas de escape / Green area and dam in the campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará: refuge for free-living or originated from escaping birds

ABREU, A. O. “Se eu comprar um pássaro, também faço parte do tráfico?”: a educação ambiental como ferramenta de redução do tráfico de aves silvestres em Fortaleza-CE. 2019. 62f.  Trabalho de conclusão de Curso (Curso de Ciências Biológicas) –Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2019.ALCOCK, I.; WHITE, M. P.; WHEELER, B. W.; FLEMING, L. E.; DEPLEDGE, M. H. Longitudinal effects on mental health of moving to greener and less green urban areas. Environmental science & technology, v.48, n.2, p.1247-1255, 2014.ALVES, T.C.V.A. Parques urbanos de Fortaleza-CE: espaço vivido e qualidade de vida. 198p. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia). Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil, 2012.BARBOZA, E. N.; SILVA, G. S. A.; ALENCAR, F. H. H.; FELIPE, Á. G. M. Influência da arborização nas variáveis climáticas em ruas com e sem asfaltamento na cidade de Barbalha-CE/Influence of arborization on climate variables in streets with and without asphalting in the city of Barbalha-CE. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.1, p.980-986, 2020.BELEZA, A.J.F 2019. Talha mar Lagoa de Parangaba. Táxeus - Listas de espécies. Disponível em <https://www.taxeus.com.br/lista/13580>. Acesso em: 03 ago 2020.FONTANA, C.S. A ornitofauna de Porto Alegre no Século XX: status de ocorrência e conservação. Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, série Zoologia, v.18, n.2, p.161-206, 2005.GIRÃO, W.; ALBANO, C.; CAMPOS, A.A. Inselbergs as habitat to the critically endangered greybreasted parakeet (Pyrruhura griseipectus), na endemic species from northeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira Ornitolologia, v.18, p.130-132, 2010.LUCENA, M.F.; BELEZA, A.J.F.; PASCOAL FILHO, N.M.; TEIXEIRA, R.S.C.; VASCONCELOS, R.H.; CARDOSO, W.M. Levantamento de Avifauna do Campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. In: V Simpósio Cearense de Animais Selvagens: Fortaleza, 2016. Anais... Fortaleza: UECE, 2016.MENDES, G. F.; SAMPAIO, V.S.; LUCENA, E.M.P. Flora do Parque Ecológico da Lagoa da Maraponga, Fortaleza, Ceará. In: Anais da XXIII Semana Universitária da UECE, Fortaleza, 2018.MOURA, J. S., PEREIRA, A. C. M.; SANTOS, J. S.; SANTANA, S. H. M.; SILVA, M. A. M.; FERREIRA, W. N. Inventário florístico e percepção da população sobre a arborização urbana na cidade de Brejo Santo, Ceará. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.10, p.75773-75792, 2020.NUNES, F. P. (2018). [WA3096490, Pyrrhura griseipectus Salvadori, 1900]. Wiki-Aves - A Enciclopédia das Aves do Brasil. Disponível em:<http://www.wikiaves.com/3096490>  Acesso em: 23 Set 2020.OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, F. V. L.; NASCIMENTO, C. M.; FERREIRA, E. S.; SOARES, K. A.; BEZERRA, L. F. L.; OLIVEIRA, C. E. A.; SILVA, P.R.A.; CUNHA, M. L. Diagnóstico quantitativo e qualitativo da arborização de uma praça pública e de um mirante no município de Icapuí-CE. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.8, p.58645-58653, 2020.SILVA, I. S., ALMEIDA, C. A. C., PIMENTEL, D. J. O., LEITE, M. J. H.; LANA, M. D; BRANDÃO, R. A.; PAES, R. A.; PINTO, A. D. V. F. Percepção sobre a arborização da praça centenário em Maceió, AL. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 6, n. 6, p.37756-37766, (2020a).SALES JR., L. G; CHAVES, D. C.; BEZERRA, M. C. Inventário preliminar da ornitofauna do Campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE). In: Anais da I Semana Universitária da UECE, Fortaleza, 1996.SCHULZ-NETO, A; SERRANO, IL.; EFE, M.A. Muda e parâmetros biométricos de aves migratórias no norte do Brasil. Ornithologia, v. 3, n. 1, p. 21-33, 2010.SILVA, T. E. M.; ROSADO, A. K. D. H. B.; DA SILVA, R. M.; DE MEDEIROS, S. R. M.; PRESTON,W.; DEMARTELAERE, A. C. F. Qualidade ambiental urbana do Município de Tenente Ananias/RN/Urban environmental quality of the Municipality Tenente Ananias/RN. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.10, p.80162-80198, 2020b.SOUZA, T.O.; TEIXEIRA, F.D.; OLIVEIRA, L.A.S.O.; OLIVEIRA, A.C.S.; GARCIA, F.I.A.; MESQUITA, E.P.; SILVA, G.G.R.; OLIVEIRA, A.P.M.; PASSOS, F.O.; SILVA, A.G. Levantamento ornitológico do município de Pompéu, região Central de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Atualidades Ornitológicas, 202, 2018.

Condutas do enfermeiro diante da mulher vítima de violência sexual / Nurse's conduct in front of women victims of sexual violence

Objetivo: identificar como ações profissionais de enfermagem à frente da vítima de violência sexual. Método: Pesquisa de campo do tipo qualitativa, descritiva e de estudo transversal detalhando os dados relevantes do estudo, realizado no Hospital Jesus Nazareno no interior de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados em setembro de outubro de 2019, através de uma entrevista estruturada, analisadas e figuras em tabelas, figuras e gráficos. Obtenha-se parecer de aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa sob o nº CAAE - 19860919.1.0000.5666. Resultado: O estudo realizado constatou que 50% afirmaram que já teve capacitação no acolhimento.Conclusão: Todos os profissionais demonstraram habilidades para realizar exame físico na vítima e foi compreendido que a educação permanente está ocorrendo, refletindo que a mulher terá suporte adequado no atendimento

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. FINDINGS: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males and 1·96 years (1·69-2·13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2·3% [-5·9 to 0·9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs offset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the five lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16·1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally. INTERPRETATION: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs offset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention efforts, and development assistance for health, including financial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Forouzanfar MH, Afshin A, Alexander LT, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. LANCET. 2016;388(10053):1659-1724.Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57.8% (95% CI 56.6-58.8) of global deaths and 41.2% (39.8-42.8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211.8 million [192.7 million to 231.1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148.6 million [134.2 million to 163.1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143.1 million [125.1 million to 163.5 million]), high BMI (120.1 million [83.8 million to 158.4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113.3 million [103.9 million to 123.4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103.1 million [90.8 million to 115.1 million]), high total cholesterol (88.7 million [74.6 million to 105.7 million]), household air pollution (85.6 million [66.7 million to 106.1 million]), alcohol use (85.0 million [77.2 million to 93.0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83.0 million [49.3 million to 127.5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Rabies in southeast Brazil: a change in the epidemiological pattern

This epidemiological study was conducted using antigenic and genetic characterisation of rabies virus isolates obtained from different animal species in the southeast of Brazil from 1993 to 2007. An alteration in the epidemiological profile was observed. One hundred two samples were tested using a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies, and 94 were genetically characterised by sequencing the nucleoprotein gene. From 1993 to 1997, antigenic variant 2 (AgV-2), related to a rabies virus maintained in dog populations, was responsible for rabies cases in dogs, cats, cattle and horses. Antigenic variant 3 (AgV-3), associated with Desmodus rotundus, was detected in a few cattle samples from rural areas. From 1998 to 2007, rabies virus was detected in bats and urban pets, and four distinct variants were identified. A nucleotide similarity analysis resulted in two primary groups comprising the dog and bat antigenic variants and showing the distinct endemic cycles maintained in the different animal species in this region.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Implementation of a Best Practice in Cardiology (BPC) Program Adapted from Get With The Guidelines®in Brazilian Public Hospitals: Study Design and Rationale.

Background There are substantial opportunities to improve the quality of cardiovascular care in developing countries through the implementation of a quality program. Objective To evaluate the effect of a Best Practice in Cardiology (BPC) program on performance measures and patient outcomes related to heart failure, atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes in a subset of Brazilian public hospitals. Methods The Boas Práticas em Cardiologia (BPC) program was adapted from the American Heart Association's (AHA) Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) Program for use in Brazil. The program is being started simultaneously in three care domains (acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation and heart failure), which is an approach that has never been tested within the GWTG. There are six axes of interventions borrowed from knowledge translation literature that will address local barriers identified through structured interviews and regular audit and feedback meetings. The intervention is planned to include at least 10 hospitals and 1,500 patients per heart condition. The primary endpoint includes the rates of overall adherence to care measures recommended by the guidelines. Secondary endpoints include the effect of the program on length of stay, overall and specific mortality, readmission rates, quality of life, patients' health perception and patients' adherence to prescribed interventions. Results It is expected that participating hospitals will improve and sustain their overall adherence rates to evidence-based recommendations and patient outcomes. This is the first such cardiovascular quality improvement (QI) program in South America and will provide important information on how successful programs from developed countries like the United States can be adapted to meet the needs of countries with developing economies like Brazil. Also, a successful program will give valuable information for the development of QI programs in other developing countries. Conclusions This real-world study provides information for assessing and increasing adherence to cardiology guidelines in Brazil, as well as improvements in care processes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)