25 research outputs found

    Gertrude Davenport e a eugenia

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    Gertrude Crotty Davenport (1866-1946), née Gertrude Anna Crotty, was noted for her contributions to zoology. In addition, she actively participated in the United States eugenics movement along with her husband, Charles Benedict Davenport (1866-1944). The present work consists of an annotated translation of Gertrude’s article published in The Independent in 1912. In this article, she presents her view on eugenics in general. In addition, she discusses the situation in which the eugenics movement found itself at the beginning of the 1910s.Gertrude Crotty Davenport (1866-1946), née Gertrude Anna Crotty, destacou-se por suas contribuições para a zoologia. Além disso, ela participou ativamente do movimento eugenista dos Estados Unidos juntamente com seu marido, Charles Benedict Davenport (1866-1944). O presente trabalho consiste em uma tradução comentada de um artigo que ela publicou em The Independent, em 1912. Neste artigo, Gertrude apresenta sua própria visão sobre a eugenia e discute sobre a situação em que se encontrava o movimento eugenista no início da década de 1910.

    Matching the genetics of released and local Aedes aegypti populations is critical to assure Wolbachia invasion.

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    BackgroundTraditional vector control approaches such as source reduction and insecticide spraying have limited effect on reducing Aedes aegypti population. The endosymbiont Wolbachia is pointed as a promising tool to mitigate arbovirus transmission and has been deployed worldwide. Models predict a rapid increase on the frequency of Wolbachia-positive Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in local settings, supported by cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and high maternal transmission rate associated with the wMelBr strain.Methodology/principle findingsWolbachia wMelBr strain was released for 20 consecutive weeks after receiving >87% approval of householders of the isolated community of Tubiacanga, Rio de Janeiro. wMelBr frequency plateued~40% during weeks 7-19, peaked 65% but dropped as releases stopped. A high (97.56%) maternal transmission was observed. Doubling releases and deploying mosquitoes with large wing length and low laboratory mortality produced no detectable effects on invasion trend. By investigating the lab colony maintenance procedures backwardly, pyrethroid resistant genotypes in wMelBr decreased from 68% to 3.5% after 17 generations. Therefore, we initially released susceptible mosquitoes in a local population highly resistant to pyrethroids which, associated with the over use of insecticides by householders, ended jeopardizing Wolbachia invasion. A new strain (wMelRio) was produced after backcrossing wMelBr females with males from field to introduce mostly pyrethroid resistance alleles. The new strain increased mosquito survival but produced relevant negative effects on Ae. aegypti fecundity traits, reducing egg clutche size and egg hatch. Despite the cost on fitness, wMelRio successful established where wMelBr failed, revealing that matching the local population genetics, especially insecticide resistance background, is critical to achieve invasion.Conclusions/significanceLocal householders support was constantly high, reaching 90% backing on the second release (wMelRio strain). Notwithstanding the drought summer, the harsh temperature recorded (daily average above 30°C) did not seem to affect the expression of maternal transmission of wMel on a Brazilian background. Wolbachia deployment should match the insecticide resistance profile of the wild population to achieve invasion. Considering pyrethroid-resistance is a widely distributed phenotype in natural Ae. aegypti populations, future Wolbachia deployments must pay special attention in maintaining insecticide resistance in lab colonies for releases

    Interfaces entre Literatura, Religião e História.

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    O enfoque desse GT é reunir trabalhos interessados na interface entre os três campos: literatura, religião e história. Na linha teórica da Nova História Cultural, consideramos que os textos literários dialogam com as experiências e as expectativas dos seus autores, constituindo-se em representações do passado, presente e futuro que objetivam atingir um determinado público alvo. Esse por sua vez pode se apropriar das ideias defendidas pelos autores de modos variados. Nos diversos textos literários é possível encontrar vestígios da religiosidade de um indivíduo ou de uma sociedade porque o homem quando elabora o seu discurso o faz de um determinado lugar, com objetivos específicos, voltando-o para um público alvo e assim reflete a sua representação do mundo, da sociedade e da fé. Logo, sua produção é o suporte de um sentido transmitido pela imagem ou pelo texto que pode ser lido e apropriado sob uma gama infinita de concepções ao longo do tempo. Nesse processo contínuo de apropriação e representação do real e do imaginário, concepções e conceitos religiosos são forjados, defendidos e difundidos. Desse modo, os textos literários são fontes importantíssimas para o estudo do fenômeno histórico e religioso. Sendo assim o GT tem o interesse em receber e discutir trabalhos que se propõem a estudar o fenômeno religioso a partir de textos literários ou tomam os textos literários como fontes para estudo de temáticas relacionadas à religiosidade

    Redox Balance Keepers and Possible Cell Functions Managed by Redox Homeostasis in Trypanosoma cruzi

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    The Brazilian theatre up to 1900

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    Colonial Brazilian literature

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    The Brazilian short story

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    The Brazilian novel from 1850 to 1900

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