Vigilancia del COVID-19 en centros de larga estancia: el efecto de la pandemia en las residencias de mayores

[ES] Este informe muestra la situación epidemiológica de la COVID-19 en los centros residenciales de mayores a lo largo del año 2021 y hasta la semana 17 del 2022. Desde su puesta en marcha en enero de 2021, esta vigilancia ha proporcionado datos semanales nacionales agregados, con información sobre la proporción de residencias afectadas por la COVID-19, la incidencia de COVID-19 y la letalidad entre una población vulnerable donde los efectos de la pandemia han sido y están siendo especialmente graves. La comparación con la incidencia y mortalidad de casos COVID-19 en población mayor no institucionalizada, nos demuestra cómo el impacto de la COVID-19 ha sido y está siendo mayor entre las personas mayores que viven en residencias de ancianos, con tasas de mortalidad superiores al resto de la población de la misma edad. [EN] This report shows the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the long-term care facilities (LTCF) for elderly throughout 2021 and until the 17th week of 2022. Since its start-up in January 2021, this surveillance has provided aggregated national weekly data, with information on the proportion of LTCF for elderly affected by COVID-19, the incidence of COVID-19 and fatal cases among a vulnerable population where the effects of the pandemic have been and are being especially severe. The comparison with the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 cases in non institutionalized elderly shows how the impact of COVID-19 is being greater among the elderly living in nursing homes, with more fatal cases than the rest of the population of the same age

Long-term care facilities (LTCF) for the elderly: the surveillance of communicable diseases as part of health care and protection

[ES] Durante las últimas décadas la asistencia sanitaria ha sufrido importantes cambios. La mayor esperanza de vida ha dado lugar a un envejecimiento de la población que, según las Naciones Unidas, está a punto de convertirse en una de las más importantes transformaciones sociales del siglo XXI. A nivel mundial, había 727 millones de personas de 65 años o más en 2020 (un 9,3% de la población total) y se estima que aumente al 16% en 2050 . En la Unión Europea (UE), el porcentaje de población de 65 años o más se ha incrementado de un 9,6% en 1960 a un 20,3% en 2019 y se proyecta que aumente a un 31,3% para 2100. Asistimos además a un proceso de envejecimiento de la población mayor, con una proporción de personas muy mayores (aquellas de 80 años y más) en la población total de la Unión Europea del 5,8% en 2019 . España es uno de los países con una mayor proporción de personas mayores, con un porcentaje de ciudadanos de 65 años o más en 2020 del 19,6% del total de la población, y con una proyección del 26,5% para 2035. Casi un tercio de esta población (6%) tienen 80 años o más. [EN] During the last decades, healthcare has undergone important changes. Increased life expectancy has given rise to an aging population that, according to the United Nations, is about to become one of the most important social transformations of the 21st century. Globally, there were 727 million people aged 65 or over in 2020 (9.3% of the total population) and this is estimated to increase to 16% by 2050 . In the European Union (EU), the percentage of the population aged 65 or over has increased from 9.6% in 1960 to 20.3% in 2019 and is projected to increase to 31.3% by 2100. We are also witnessing a process of aging of the elderly population, with a proportion of very old people (those aged 80 and over) in the total population of the European Union of 5.8% in 2019 . Spain is one of the countries with the highest proportion of older people, with a percentage of citizens aged 65 or over in 2020 of 19.6% of the total population, and with a projection of 26.5% for 2035. Almost a third of this population (6%) are 80 years or older.S

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Vigilancia del COVID-19 en centros de larga estancia: el efecto de la pandemia en las residencias de mayores

[ES] Este informe muestra la situación epidemiológica de la COVID-19 en los centros residenciales de mayores a lo largo del año 2021 y hasta la semana 17 del 2022. Desde su puesta en marcha en enero de 2021, esta vigilancia ha proporcionado datos semanales nacionales agregados, con información sobre la proporción de residencias afectadas por la COVID-19, la incidencia de COVID-19 y la letalidad entre una población vulnerable donde los efectos de la pandemia han sido y están siendo especialmente graves. La comparación con la incidencia y mortalidad de casos COVID-19 en población mayor no institucionalizada, nos demuestra cómo el impacto de la COVID-19 ha sido y está siendo mayor entre las personas mayores que viven en residencias de ancianos, con tasas de mortalidad superiores al resto de la población de la misma edad. [EN] This report shows the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the long-term care facilities (LTCF) for elderly throughout 2021 and until the 17th week of 2022. Since its start-up in January 2021, this surveillance has provided aggregated national weekly data, with information on the proportion of LTCF for elderly affected by COVID-19, the incidence of COVID-19 and fatal cases among a vulnerable population where the effects of the pandemic have been and are being especially severe. The comparison with the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 cases in noninstitutionalized elderly shows how the impact of COVID-19 is being greater among the elderly living in nursing homes, with more fatal cases than the rest of the population of the same age

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015–2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions