ABAG: ORIGENS HISTÓRICAS E CONSOLIDAÇÃO HEGEMÔNICA

O trabalho, fruto de pesquisa em andamento, analisa o processo de consolidação da hegemonia de um novo segmento dos grupos agroindustriais brasileiros ocorrido entre as décadas de 1990 e 2000, articulado pela Organização das Cooperativas Brasileiras (OCB) e coroado pela fundação da Associação Brasileira de Agronegócio (ABAG). Com base em documentos oficiais, bem como aqueles produzidos por esta última, refletimos sobre os projetos elaborados por dirigentes da ABAG, enfatizando a metodologia de mapeamento destes últimos, com o objetivo de demonstrar seu grau de inserção junto a organismos da sociedade política, no período compreendido entre 1993 e 2013

Secagem, análise fitoquímica e potencial fungicida da nanoemulsão óleo em água (O/A) incorporada com Ocimum citriodurum L.

This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical profile and drying with prediction of the leaves of Ocimum citriodurum L, quantify the total phenolics and flavonoids and determine the unprecedented potential of the fungicidal activity of the oil-in-water nanoemulsion incorporated with essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract of O. citriodurum L. The leaves were carefully selected in the rural area of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, and subsequently crushed and stored. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation (100°C / 3h). To obtain the hydroalcoholic extract, maceration in solvent extract ethanol PA 70% (v / v) was used. To determine the antifungal activity, the technique recommended by the International Clinical Laboratory Standard was used through the technique of Dilution in Broth and Sowing and Agar to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (CFM), respectively, front to strains of Aspergillus niger (ATCC 6275), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (ATCC 96723), Penicillium chrysogenum (ATCC 10106). The results obtained for fungicidal action attested to CIM and strong inhibition for the action of essential oils and hydroalcoholic extracts with a concentration of 250 µg mL-1 in front of A. niger, C. gloeosporioides and P. chrysogenum. CFM's of 300, 250 and 500 mL-1 were observed in front of A. niger, C. gloeosporioides and P. chrysogenum, respectively. With the results obtained it is stated that a stable nanoemulsion was obtained for both (EX) and (OE) and that they present active compounds in which they favor an excellent antifungal activity.Este estudo teve por objetivo fazer a análise do perfil fitoquímico e secagem com predição das folhas de Ocimumcitriodurum L, quantificar os fenólicos e flavonóides totais e determinar o potencial de forma inédita a atividade fungicida da nanoemulsão óleo-em-água incorporada com óleo essencial e extrato hidroalcoólico da folha de O. citriodurum L.As folhas foram cuidadosamente selecionadas na zona rural de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, sendo posteriormente trituradas e armazenadas. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação (100 °C/3h). Para obtenção do extrato hidroalcoólico, utilizou-se a maceração em solvente extrator etanol P.A 70%(v/v). Para determinar a atividade antifúngica, fez-se o uso da técnica preconizada pelo Clinical Laboratory Standard Internacional através da técnica de Diluição em Caldo e Semeadura e Ágar para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), respectivamente, frente a cepas de Aspergillus níger (ATCC 6275), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (ATCC 96723), Penicillium chrysogenum (ATCC 10106). Os resultados obtidos para ação fungicida atestaram uma CIM uma inibição forte para ação dos óleos essenciais e extratos hidroalcóolicos com uma concentração de 250 µg mL-1frente A.níger, C. gloeosporioides e P.chrysogenum. Foram observadas CFM’s de 300, 250 e 500 mL-1frente A. niger, C. gloeosporioides e P. chrysogenum, respectivamente. Com os resultados obtidos afirma-se que se obteve uma nanoemulsão estável tanto para (EX) e (OE) e que apresentam compostos ativos nas quais favorecem uma excelente atividade antifúngica

A LÍNGUA EM USO: O GRAU DE ESCOLARIDADE NA REPRODUÇÃO DOS FENÔMENOS LINGUÍSTICOS EM LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal descrever e analisar a ocorrência de fenômenos linguísticos na fala de sujeitos analfabetos e escolarizados, cujos critérios são: sujeitos mulheres, sendo três com ensino superior completo e três analfabetas, com idade acima 50 anos e residentes da cidade de Belém. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico, o qual teve como fundamentação teórica: Bagno (2006) e Bechara (2009). A metodologia utilizada foi do tipo de análise quali-quantitativo, sob o aporte da pesquisa de campo; houve também, a coleta de dados por meio do Questionário Fonético e Fonológico (QFF), composto de 159 perguntas. A partir disto, transcrevemos as repostas e analisamos como e com que frequência ocorreram os fenômenos na pronúncia dos sujeitos investigados. Posteriormente à análise dos dados obtidos, observou-se que dentre os oito fenômenos averiguados, quatro ocorreram na fala dos sujeitos analfabetos e três ocorreram na fala dos sujeitos com ensino superior, isto é, os primeiros sujeitos se diferenciam dos segundos porque realizaram um fenômeno a mais. Com isso, observamos que a diferença é ínfima na fala dos sujeitos analfabetos e dos sujeitos com ensino superior completo. Portanto, a relevância deste estudo não é ir contra o ensino da Gramática Normativa, mas sim, nos fazer perceber que embora a ortografia de cada palavra seja uma só em cada país, cada falante terá o seu jeito particular de pronunciá-la. ABSTRACT: This work has as main objective describe and analyze the occurrence of linguistics phenomena in the speech of illiterate and educated subjects, whose criteria are: female subjects, three with complete higher education and three illiterate, aged over 50 and residents of the city of Belem. For that, a bibliographic study was carried out, which had as theoretical basis: Bagno (2006) and Bechara (2009). The methodology used was of the type of quali-quantitative analysis, under the contribution of the field research; there was also the collection of data through the Phonetic and Phonological Questionnaire (QFF), composed by 159 questions. From this, we transcribe the answers and analyze how and how often the phenomena in the pronunciation of the investigated subjects occurred. After analyzing the data obtained, it was observed that among the eight phenomena investigated, four occurred in the speech of illiterate subjects and three occurred in the speech of subjects with higher education, that is, the first subjects differ from the second because they performed a phenomenon a more. Finally, was observed that the difference is negligible in the speech of illiterate subjects and subjects with complete higher education. Thus, the relevance of this study is not to go against the teaching of Normative Grammar, but rather, to make us realize that although the spelling of each word is only one in each country, each speaker will have their own particular way of pronouncing it. KEYWORDS: Linguistics phenomena, Linguistics variation. Speech. Subjects

USO DE SUPLEMENTOS NUTRICIONAIS POR PRATICANTES DE EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS EM ACADEMIAS DE ALFENAS

Motivados pela mídia e em busca de padrões de estética e beleza ou maior desempenho físico, alguns indivíduos fazem uso de suplementos esportivos sem prescrição ou qualquer conhecimento da área. Sabe-se que pode haver riscos e prejuízos à saúde devido ao uso desnecessário e indiscriminado de suplementos de qualquer origem, o que justifica a realização deste trabalho que tem por objetivo analisar a utilização de suplementos alimentares por praticantes de atividade física em academias de Alfenas. Foram aplicados 60 questionários, em pessoas escolhidas ao acaso entre frequentadores de duas academias em Alfenas-MG, com idade de 16 a 41 anos, de ambos os sexos, consumidores ou não de suplementos alimentares. Questionou-se peso corporal e estatura e através destes, calculou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) dos mesmos e classificou-se o estado nutricional de acordo com a OMS. Dos entrevistados, 85% era do sexo masculino, com idade média de 30 anos. 75% dos entrevistados praticavam atividade física a cerca de 9 meses, 43% da amostra praticava atividade física 5 vezes por semana, sendo a musculação o tipo de atividade predominante (82%). O objetivo mais citado para a pratica de exercícios físicos foi saúde e bem-estar. 82% da amostra relata utilizar um ou mais tipos de suplementos alimentares, sendo os suplementos proteicos o tipo mais utilizado (34,5%), a frequência de consumo é de 5 vezes semanalmente (45%), quanto a prescrição destes produtos 41% relataram que foram orientados por nutricionistas. O intuito do uso de suplementos alimentares segundo 45% é o ganho de massa muscular ou a recuperação desta. Quanto ao estado nutricional, 52% da amostra se encontrava em quadro de eutrofia. De acordo com os dados obtidos e analisados, pode-se concluir que é imprescindível a necessidade de estudos mais amplos sobre o consumo de suplementos alimentares, em que irá possibilitar sua correta utilização, pois muitas das vezes os usuários desconhecem suas reais utilidades, influenciados pela mídia, amigos, entre outros. É de suma importância que haja acompanhamento de profissionais capacitados a orientá-los quanto a este uso, com a finalidade de que não lhes cause nenhum transtorno em sua saúde

ESTUDO DO PANORAMA EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS BEBÊS NASCIDOS COM FENDAS EM GÓIAS DURANTE O PERÍODO DE 2010 A 2022

Cleft lip and palate often occur as congenitais deformities in the craniofacial region, resulting from multiple etiological factors, including genetic, environmental, syndromic, or isolated factors. The article aims to analyze the epidemiological landscape of newborns with various types of cleft lip or palate in the state of Goiás from 2010 to 2022. A retrospective descriptive epidemiographic study was conducted using data from the TABNET (DATASUS) application, focusing on live births in Goiás with cleft lip and/or palate during this period. A total of 768 births with orofacial clefts were recorded, predominantly in Goiânia. Among the observed characteristics, there is a notable incidence of singleton pregnancies, often followed by cesarean deliveries, especially among mothers of mixed race, and a prevalence of cleft palate. Understanding the epidemiological panorama of newborns with clefts is crucial for effectively planning preventive and health promotion measures aimed at improving the quality of life of this population.Fendas labiopalatinas frequentemente ocorrem como deformações congênitas na área da região craniofacial, resultantes de múltiplos fatores etiológicos, incluindo genéticos, ambientais, sindrômicos ou isolados. O artigo tem como propósito analisar o panorama epidemiológico dos recém-nascidos com variados tipos de fissuras labiais ou palatinas no estado de Goiás, no período de 2010 a 2022. Foi conduzido um estudo epidemiográfico descritivo retrospectivo utilizando dados do aplicativo TABNET (DATASUS), referente aos nascidos vivos em Goiás com fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas durante esse período. Foram registrados 768 nascimentos com fissuras orofaciais, predominando em Goiânia. Entre as características observadas, destacam-se a incidência de gestações únicas, frequentemente seguidas de partos por cesárea, especialmente entre mães de etnia parda e prevalência de fenda palatina. Entender o panorama epidemiológico dos recém-nascidos com fissuras é fundamental para planejar medidas de prevenção e de promoção a saúde de maneira eficaz, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida dessa população. &nbsp

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ