Efecto de la fitorremediación con la especie sonchus oleraceus en la recuperación de suelos contaminados por plomo Huanuco- 2023

El estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar los efectos de la fitorremediación con la esplecie Sonclhus Olerlaceus en el restablecimiento del sulelo contamilnado por plomo, 2023. Siendo un estudio de tipo experimental de nivel aplicativo con; las muestras estuvieron representadas por M1 y M2 con concentraciones de plomo de 1000 y 1800 ug/kg para lo cual de cada muestra se tomó un pre test y tres repeticiones de análisis por muestra (30, 60 y 75 días). Utilizando como técnica la observación. Obteniendo como resultado que realizado la medición en la concentración de nitrato de plomo a 1000 ug/kg se observa un pre test de 526,5 ppm con una reducción a los 30 días de 241,8 ppm; a los 60 días 138,7 ppm y a los 75 días redujo a 127,5 ppm. En la concentración de nitrato de plomo a 1800 ug/kg observando en el pre test 581 ppm con una reducción a los 30 días de 285 ppm; a los 60 días 196,2 ppm y a los 75 días redujo a 185 ppm. En cuanto a las características fisicoquímico se describe que los mayores parámetros de la concentración de 1000 ug/kg fue de conductividad eléctrica con 0,746; la materia orgánica con 1,890; nitrógeno con 0,094; carbono con 1,096; fosforo con 47,7; calcio con 4,434 y el magnesio con 0,600. Del mismo modo, en la concentración de 1800 ug/kg; observando el pH con 8,72; y el potasio con 286,4. Llegando a la conclusión que el Sonchus Oleraceus fue efectivo en la fitorremediación

Associations between DSM-IV diagnosis, psychiatric symptoms and morning cortisol levels in a community sample of adolescents

Purpose. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA-axis) is implicated in a variety of psychiatric and emotional disorders. In this study, we explore the association between HPA-axis functioning, as measured by morning cortisol, and common psychiatric disorders and symptoms among a community sample of adolescents. Method. Data from a cross-sectional school-based survey of 501 school pupils, aged 15, were used to establish the strength of association between salivary morning cortisol and both diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and a number of psychiatric symptoms, as measured via a computerised psychiatric interview. Analysis, conducted separately by gender, used multiple regressions, adjusting for relevant confounders. Results-á-áWith one exception (a positive association between conduct disorder symptoms and cortisol among females) there was no association between morning cortisol and psychiatric diagnosis or symptoms. However, there was a significant two-way interaction between gender and conduct symptoms, with females showing a positive and males a negative association between cortisol and conduct symptoms. A further three-way interaction showed that while the association between cortisol and conduct symptoms was negative among males with a few mood disorder symptoms, among females with many mood symptoms it was positive. Conclusions. Except in relation to conduct symptoms, dysregulation of morning cortisol levels seems unrelated to any psychiatric disorder or symptoms. However, the relationship between cortisol and conduct symptoms is moderated by both gender and mood symptoms. Findings are compatible with the recent work suggesting research should concentrate on the moderated associations between gender, internalising and externalising symptoms and cortisol, rather than any simple relationship

Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change : UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Peer reviewe

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Selective dendritic susceptibility to bioenergetic, excitotoxic and redox perturbations in cortical neurons

AbstractNeurodegenerative and neurological disorders are often characterised by pathological changes to dendrites, in advance of neuronal death. Oxidative stress, energy deficits and excitotoxicity are implicated in many such disorders, suggesting a potential vulnerability of dendrites to these situations. Here we have studied dendritic vs. somatic responses of primary cortical neurons to these types of challenges in real-time.Using a genetically encoded indicator of intracellular redox potential (Grx1-roGFP2) we found that, compared to the soma, dendritic regions exhibited more dramatic fluctuations in redox potential in response to sub-lethal ROS exposure, and existed in a basally more oxidised state. We also studied the responses of dendritic and somatic regions to excitotoxic NMDA receptor activity. Both dendritic and somatic regions experienced similar increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+. Interestingly, while mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and initial mitochondrial depolarisation were similar in both regions, secondary delayed mitochondrial depolarisation was far weaker in dendrites, potentially as a result of less NADH depletion. Despite this, ATP levels were found to fall faster in dendritic regions. Finally we studied the responses of dendritic and somatic regions to energetically demanding action potential burst activity. Burst activity triggered PDH dephosphorylation, increases in oxygen consumption and cellular NADH:NAD ratio. Compared to somatic regions, dendritic regions exhibited a smaller degree of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, lower fold-induction of NADH and larger reduction in ATP levels. Collectively, these data reveal that dendritic regions of primary neurons are vulnerable to greater energetic and redox fluctuations than the cell body, which may contribute to disease-associated dendritic damage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium

Synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signalling: implications for neurodegenerative disorders

There is a long-standing paradox that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) can both promote neuronal health and kill neurons. Recent studies show that NMDAR-induced responses depend on the receptor location: stimulation of synaptic NMDARs, acting primarily through nuclear Ca(2+) signaling, leads to the build-up of a neuroprotective ‘shield’, whereas stimulation of extrasynaptic NMDARs promotes cell death. These differences result from the activation of distinct genomic programmes and opposing actions on intracellular signalling pathways. Perturbations in the balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR activity contribute to neuronal dysfunction in acute ischaemia and Huntington’s disease and could be a common theme in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroprotective therapies should aim to both enhance the effect of synaptic activity and disrupt extrasynaptic NMDAR-dependent death signalling

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe

Recherche de la désintégration B+ → K+ν ̄ν au sein de l’expérience Belle II

This thesis describes the first search for the decay of a charged B-meson into a charged kaon and a pair of neutrinos using a hadronic tagging method at the Belle II experiment, operating at the asymmetric electron-positron collider SuperKEKB located at KEK, Tsukuba, Japan. The B+ → K+ν ̄ν decay operates,at the quark level, through a b → sν ̄ν flavour changing neutral-current transition.This decay has never been observed due to the experimental challenge posed by the undetected pair of neutrinos in its final state. However its branching fraction is predicted with accuracy in the Standard Model of particle physics, thus, a precise measurement of this branching fraction offers a unique opportunity to probe beyond Standard Model contributions.The analysis described there in makes use of the Full Event Interpretation algorithm (FEI), developed by the Belle II collaboration to sequentially reconstruct the most probable decay of the Btag meson accompanying the signal meson Bsig in Υ (4S) →BsigBtag events. The analysis exploits a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 362 fb−1 collected at the Υ (4S) resonance mass, completed by a sample of 42 fb−1 collected 60 MeV below said resonance.Given this dataset, the expected upper limit on the branching fraction of B+ → K+ν ̄ν is determined to be 2.3×10−5 at 90% confidence level, using simulated events and data collected in specific control channels. This measurement is expected to be competitive with previous measurements performed by the BaBar and Belle experiments with on-resonance datasets of 421 fb−1 and 711 fb−1 respectively. Furthermore, the development of an algorithmic method to improve the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) resolution on position is presented. This method corrects charge sharing effects between silicon strips in the detector, allowing to improve the spatial resolution for specific sensors by 5 to 15%.Cette thèse décrit la première recherche de la désintégration d’un méson B en un kaon chargé et une paire de neutrinos en utilisant une méthode de reconstruction hadronique du B compagnon au sein de l’expérience Belle II, auprès du collisionneur électron-positon asymétrique SuperKEKB situé à KEK, Tsukuba au Japon. La désintégration B+ → K+ν ̄ν opère, au niveau des quarks, à travers une transition de courant neutre à changement de saveur b → sν ̄ν. Cette désintégration n’a jamais été observée en raison du défi expérimental posé par la paire de neutrinos non détectée dans son état final. Cependant son rapport d’embranchement est prédit avec précision dans le modèle standard de la physique des particules, la mesure de ce rapport d’embranchement offre donc une opportunité unique de sonder les limites du Modèle Standard. L’analyse décrite ici tire partie de l’algorithme de Full Event Interpretation (FEI), développé par la collaboration Belle II pour reconstruire séquentiellement la désintégration la plus probable du méson Btag accompagnant le méson signal Bsig dans les évènements de type Υ (4S) → BsigBtag. L’analyse exploite un échantillon de données correspondant à une luminosité de 362fb−1 collectée à l’énergie de la résonance Υ (4S), complétée par un échantillon de 42fb−1 collecté 60 MeV en dessous de ladite résonance. Compte tenu de cet ensemble de données, la limite supérieure attendue du rapport d’embranchement de B+ → K+ν ̄ν est déterminé comme étant 2.3 × 10−5 à un niveau de confiance de 90 %, en utilisant des échantillons d’évènements simulés ainsi que des données collectées pour des canaux de contrôle spécifiques. Cette mesure attendue est compétitive avec les mesures précédentes effectuées par les expériences BaBar Belle avec des ensembles de données de 421 fb−1 et 711 fb−1 respectivement. Par ailleurs, le développement d’une méthode algorithmique pour améliorer la résolution spatiale du détecteur de vertex à pistes de silicium (SVD) de Belle II est présentée. Cette méthode corrige les effets de partage de charge entre les pistes de silicium dans le détecteur, permettant d’améliorer la résolution spatiale des modules de détection de 5 à 15 %

Recherche de la désintégration B+ → K+ν ̄ν au sein de l’expérience Belle II

This thesis describes the first search for the decay of a charged B-meson into a charged kaon and a pair of neutrinos using a hadronic tagging method at the Belle II experiment, operating at the asymmetric electron-positron collider SuperKEKB located at KEK, Tsukuba, Japan. The B+ → K+ν ̄ν decay operates,at the quark level, through a b → sν ̄ν flavour changing neutral-current transition.This decay has never been observed due to the experimental challenge posed by the undetected pair of neutrinos in its final state. However its branching fraction is predicted with accuracy in the Standard Model of particle physics, thus, a precise measurement of this branching fraction offers a unique opportunity to probe beyond Standard Model contributions.The analysis described there in makes use of the Full Event Interpretation algorithm (FEI), developed by the Belle II collaboration to sequentially reconstruct the most probable decay of the Btag meson accompanying the signal meson Bsig in Υ (4S) →BsigBtag events. The analysis exploits a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 362 fb−1 collected at the Υ (4S) resonance mass, completed by a sample of 42 fb−1 collected 60 MeV below said resonance.Given this dataset, the expected upper limit on the branching fraction of B+ → K+ν ̄ν is determined to be 2.3×10−5 at 90% confidence level, using simulated events and data collected in specific control channels. This measurement is expected to be competitive with previous measurements performed by the BaBar and Belle experiments with on-resonance datasets of 421 fb−1 and 711 fb−1 respectively. Furthermore, the development of an algorithmic method to improve the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) resolution on position is presented. This method corrects charge sharing effects between silicon strips in the detector, allowing to improve the spatial resolution for specific sensors by 5 to 15%.Cette thèse décrit la première recherche de la désintégration d’un méson B en un kaon chargé et une paire de neutrinos en utilisant une méthode de reconstruction hadronique du B compagnon au sein de l’expérience Belle II, auprès du collisionneur électron-positon asymétrique SuperKEKB situé à KEK, Tsukuba au Japon. La désintégration B+ → K+ν ̄ν opère, au niveau des quarks, à travers une transition de courant neutre à changement de saveur b → sν ̄ν. Cette désintégration n’a jamais été observée en raison du défi expérimental posé par la paire de neutrinos non détectée dans son état final. Cependant son rapport d’embranchement est prédit avec précision dans le modèle standard de la physique des particules, la mesure de ce rapport d’embranchement offre donc une opportunité unique de sonder les limites du Modèle Standard. L’analyse décrite ici tire partie de l’algorithme de Full Event Interpretation (FEI), développé par la collaboration Belle II pour reconstruire séquentiellement la désintégration la plus probable du méson Btag accompagnant le méson signal Bsig dans les évènements de type Υ (4S) → BsigBtag. L’analyse exploite un échantillon de données correspondant à une luminosité de 362fb−1 collectée à l’énergie de la résonance Υ (4S), complétée par un échantillon de 42fb−1 collecté 60 MeV en dessous de ladite résonance. Compte tenu de cet ensemble de données, la limite supérieure attendue du rapport d’embranchement de B+ → K+ν ̄ν est déterminé comme étant 2.3 × 10−5 à un niveau de confiance de 90 %, en utilisant des échantillons d’évènements simulés ainsi que des données collectées pour des canaux de contrôle spécifiques. Cette mesure attendue est compétitive avec les mesures précédentes effectuées par les expériences BaBar Belle avec des ensembles de données de 421 fb−1 et 711 fb−1 respectivement. Par ailleurs, le développement d’une méthode algorithmique pour améliorer la résolution spatiale du détecteur de vertex à pistes de silicium (SVD) de Belle II est présentée. Cette méthode corrige les effets de partage de charge entre les pistes de silicium dans le détecteur, permettant d’améliorer la résolution spatiale des modules de détection de 5 à 15 %

Recherche de la désintégration B+ → K+ν ̄ν au sein de l’expérience Belle II

Cette thèse décrit la première recherche de la désintégration d’un méson B en un kaon chargé et une paire de neutrinos en utilisant une méthode de reconstruction hadronique du B compagnon au sein de l’expérience Belle II, auprès du collisionneur électron-positon asymétrique SuperKEKB situé à KEK, Tsukuba au Japon. La désintégration B+ → K+ν ̄ν opère, au niveau des quarks, à travers une transition de courant neutre à changement de saveur b → sν ̄ν. Cette désintégration n’a jamais été observée en raison du défi expérimental posé par la paire de neutrinos non détectée dans son état final. Cependant son rapport d’embranchement est prédit avec précision dans le modèle standard de la physique des particules, la mesure de ce rapport d’embranchement offre donc une opportunité unique de sonder les limites du Modèle Standard. L’analyse décrite ici tire partie de l’algorithme de Full Event Interpretation (FEI), développé par la collaboration Belle II pour reconstruire séquentiellement la désintégration la plus probable du méson Btag accompagnant le méson signal Bsig dans les évènements de type Υ (4S) → BsigBtag. L’analyse exploite un échantillon de données correspondant à une luminosité de 362fb−1 collectée à l’énergie de la résonance Υ (4S), complétée par un échantillon de 42fb−1 collecté 60 MeV en dessous de ladite résonance. Compte tenu de cet ensemble de données, la limite supérieure attendue du rapport d’embranchement de B+ → K+ν ̄ν est déterminé comme étant 2.3 × 10−5 à un niveau de confiance de 90 %, en utilisant des échantillons d’évènements simulés ainsi que des données collectées pour des canaux de contrôle spécifiques. Cette mesure attendue est compétitive avec les mesures précédentes effectuées par les expériences BaBar Belle avec des ensembles de données de 421 fb−1 et 711 fb−1 respectivement. Par ailleurs, le développement d’une méthode algorithmique pour améliorer la résolution spatiale du détecteur de vertex à pistes de silicium (SVD) de Belle II est présentée. Cette méthode corrige les effets de partage de charge entre les pistes de silicium dans le détecteur, permettant d’améliorer la résolution spatiale des modules de détection de 5 à 15 %.This thesis describes the first search for the decay of a charged B-meson into a charged kaon and a pair of neutrinos using a hadronic tagging method at the Belle II experiment, operating at the asymmetric electron-positron collider SuperKEKB located at KEK, Tsukuba, Japan. The B+ → K+ν ̄ν decay operates,at the quark level, through a b → sν ̄ν flavour changing neutral-current transition.This decay has never been observed due to the experimental challenge posed by the undetected pair of neutrinos in its final state. However its branching fraction is predicted with accuracy in the Standard Model of particle physics, thus, a precise measurement of this branching fraction offers a unique opportunity to probe beyond Standard Model contributions.The analysis described there in makes use of the Full Event Interpretation algorithm (FEI), developed by the Belle II collaboration to sequentially reconstruct the most probable decay of the Btag meson accompanying the signal meson Bsig in Υ (4S) →BsigBtag events. The analysis exploits a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 362 fb−1 collected at the Υ (4S) resonance mass, completed by a sample of 42 fb−1 collected 60 MeV below said resonance.Given this dataset, the expected upper limit on the branching fraction of B+ → K+ν ̄ν is determined to be 2.3×10−5 at 90% confidence level, using simulated events and data collected in specific control channels. This measurement is expected to be competitive with previous measurements performed by the BaBar and Belle experiments with on-resonance datasets of 421 fb−1 and 711 fb−1 respectively. Furthermore, the development of an algorithmic method to improve the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) resolution on position is presented. This method corrects charge sharing effects between silicon strips in the detector, allowing to improve the spatial resolution for specific sensors by 5 to 15%