Treatment of haemorrhage with ganglion-blocking agents: A preliminary report

No Abstract

Treatment of idiopathic hydrocele

No Abstrac

L’impact des nouvelles technologies de l’information sur la croissance française, 1980-2001

Cet article évalue la contribution des technologies de l’information à la croissance française au niveau macroéconomique. Nous mettons l’accent sur le rôle de la qualité du travail dans l’évolution de la productivité, notamment sur la période 1982-2001 et analysons les facteurs qui favorisent ou au contraire détériorent cette qualité.L’une des raisons, pour lesquelles la France et l’Allemagne restent en retrait des États-Unis et du Royaume-Uni en matière de contribution du capital lié aux technologies de l’information, est à rechercher non pas dans les taux de croissance mais dans les parts de l’investissement en technologies de l’information, la part américaine dans les investissements non résidentiels totaux étant deux fois plus élevée que les parts française et allemande.La contribution des technologies de l’information à la croissance de la productivité horaire s’est sensiblement élevée entre 1990-1995 et 1995-2001. Cette accélération, qui se double d’une hausse de la productivité multifactorielle ne s’est pas accompagnée d’une amélioration de la qualité du travail. Celle-ci a régulièrement augmenté en France jusqu’à la période 1990-1995, grâce à la contribution de l’éducation. Cependant, sur la dernière période, la baisse de la qualité du travail français est concomitante à la hausse des heures travaillées des catégories de travailleurs moins bien rémunérés, en particulier les jeunes.La différence d’accélération de la productivité multifactorielle entre la France et les États-Unis, favorable à la France sur la dernière période, témoigne de l’emploi accru aux États-Unis des intrants. La baisse du chômage des non-qualifiés tend par ailleurs à y modérer la contribution des diplômes à la qualité du travail sur la décennie quatre-vingt-dix par rapport à la décennie précédente.This paper quantifies the contribution of information technology (IT) to growth in France at the macro-level. On the labour side, the paper also provides evidence of the role played by hours worked, by stressing the contributions of various factors to labour quality and the way they affected labour productivity in the period 1995-2001.One of the reasons why France lags behind the U.S. in terms of the contribution to growth by information capital technology (ICT) is that although ICT investment growth was sustained as much in France as in the U.S., the proportion of U.S. ICT investment in total investments was more than twice as high as the French share.In France, the contribution of ICT to hourly labour productivity growth accelerated quite strongly over 1995-2001, relative to the previous period. This acceleration was indeed accompanied by an acceleration in total factor productivity but not by an increase in the quality of French labour. The latter did indeed increase regularly till the period 1990-1995, due largely to the contribution of education. Over the last period, the decrease in the quality of French labour was in synchrony with the fall in hours worked by older labour (> 54 years old) and the rise in hours worked by less well-paid workers and especially younger workers.The differential in multifactor productivity acceleration between France and the U.S., favouring France over the last period, illustrates the greater use of production factors in the United States. The decrease in unemployment of the unskilled people weighs there on the contribution of education to labour quality over the nineties relative to the eighties

L’impact des nouvelles technologies de l’information sur la croissance française, 1980-2001

This paper quantifies the contribution of information technology (IT) to growth in France at the macro-level. On the labour side, the paper also provides evidence of the role played by hours worked, by stressing the contributions of various factors to labour quality and the way they affected labour productivity in the period 1995-2001. Cet article évalue la contribution des technologies de l’information à la croissance française au niveau macroéconomique. Nous mettons l’accent sur le rôle de la qualité du travail dans l’évolution de la productivité, notamment sur la période 1982-2001 et analysons les facteurs qui favorisent ou au contraire détériorent cette qualité.

A Circumpolar Experience: How Social Determinants of Health, Climate Change, Grapes, and Medical Innovation are Related

This report shares my experience on an Arctic expedition with the Students on Ice Foundation. Social Determinants of Health (SDHs), including climate change, are considerably worse in Indigenous populations than the rest of Canada, and they carry profoundly negative implications for Indigenous healthcare. Climate change has a more significant effect at the poles than anywhere else globally, thus compounding the effects of SDHs and worsening Indigenous health. There are innovative ways in which SDHs and the effects of climate change can be mitigated and ways in which Indigenous healthcare can be improved, particularly with programs such as Students on Ice

Regulation of transcription by a dual modification mark at histone H3

Die genomische DNA eukaryotischer Zellen ist als Nukleoprotein-Komplex, der Chromatin heißt, organisiert. Dies erlaubt, mehrere Meter DNA in den Zellkern einzupacken. Der wesentliche Baustein des Chromatins, das Nukleosom, besteht aus einem oktamerischen Proteinkomplex, der aus je zwei Molekülen der 4 Core-Histone H2A, H2B, H3 und H4 aufgebaut ist und 146 Basenpaare DNA. Die N-terminalen Histoneschwänze ragen aus dem Nukleosom heraus und können posttranslational modifiziert werden. Verschiedene Modifikationen können von spezifischen Proteinen erkannt werden und Veränderungen in den Histonmodifikationsmustern führen häufig zu Änderungen in der Chromatinstruktur und dadurch zu einer veränderten Zugänglichkeit von definierten Genomregionen. Die Phosphorylierung von Serin10 an Histon H3 korreliert mit Kondensation des Chromatins während der Mitose, während sie andererseits mit der transkriptionellen Aktivierung von einer Anzahl an Genen in der Interphase gekoppelt ist. Während der Interphase trägt nur ein sehr kleiner Anteil der H3 Histone die Phosphorylierung an Serine10, dennoch steigt die Anzahl an Genen, deren Expression mit dieser Modifikation korreliert, stetig. Die Serine10 Phosphorylierung an Histon H3 ist häufig der Azetylierung des benachbarten Lysin14 begleitet. Die resultierende duale Modifikation, genannt Phosphoazetylierung, hat eine wichtige Funktion für die Regulation der transkriptionellen Induktion von manchen Zielgenen wie HDAC1 und p21. Ziel dieses Projekts war es, die Rolle der Phosphoazetylierung während der transkriptionellen Induktion von potentiellen Zielgenen, die von zwei voneinander unabhängigen Expression-Arrays stammen, zu untersuchen. Die Induktion und die verschiedenen Expressionsprofile dieser Zielgene durch Stress wurden mittels quantitativer Realtime-PCR analysiert und die Bedingungen für eine Tiefsequenzierung-Technik, um auf die Verteilung der Phosphoazetylieungs-Marker auf gesamten Genom zu schauen, wurden optimiert. Weiters wurde gezeigt, dass durch Stressinduziertedie Signaling-Kaskade spezifisch zur Phosphorylierung von Serinresten und nicht von Threoninresten auf Histon H3 führt. Schließlich wurde die mögliche Interaktion zwischen 14-3-3 Proteinen und dem Elongationskomplex P-TEb analysiert, um die Idee, ob es eine Bindung zwischen 14-3-3 Proteinen und der Transkriptionsmaschinerie gibt, abzuklären.The genomic DNA in eukaryotes organized as nucleoprotein complex, called chromatin. The basic component of chromatin, the nucleosome consists of 146bp DNA wrapped around an octameric protein complex made of two copies of each of the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The N-terminal tails of histones protrude from the histone core and can be posttranslationally modified. Different modifications can be recognized by specific proteins and changes in histone modification patterns frequently result in alterations in the chromatin structure and thereby in modulation of accessibility to specific genome regions. The phosphorylation of serine10 on histone H3 is linked to chromosome condensation during mitosis, whereas it is associated with transcriptional activation of a number of genes in interphase. Although only a small portion of histones is subjected to phosphorylation, the number of genes known to be regulated by this process is increasing. Serine10 phosphorylation on histone H3 is accompanied by lysine14 acetylation and this dual modification, called phosphoacetylation, is also important for the regulation of transcriptional induction of some target genes like HDAC1 and p21. The aim of the project was to investigate the role of histone H3 phosphoacetylation in transcriptional induction of target genes in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. The response and the different expression profiles of these genes upon activation of the MAP kinase pathway by stress were analyzed by quantitative Real-time PCR experiments and the conditions for a ChIP sequencing technique to examine the distribution of the phosphoacetylation mark on the entire mouse genome were optimized. Furthermore, it was verified that the signaling cascade that is triggered by stress leads to phosphorylation of specific serine residues but not threonine residues on histone H3. Finally, a potential interaction between the H3S10ph detector 14-3-3 zeta and the elongation complex P-TEFb was analyzed to clarify the idea whether there is an interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and the transcription machinery

Primary “Brown Pigment” Bile Duct Stones

Bile duct stones from 42 patients were morphologically and chemically analysed. The calculi from 27 patients had important primary bile duct stone (PBDS) features, consisting of a general ovoid shape and fragile structure, with alternating light and dark brown pigmented layers on cross-section. Chemically these stones contained low levels of cholesterol, with high levels of bilirubin and calcium. Subsequent infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that calcium bilirubinate and calcium palmitate were the only calcium salts present. Calcium palmitate was prominent in the light brown layers. A morphological and chemical comparison with gallbladder stones showed that bile duct “stasis stones” were similar in morphological and chemical composition to the brown pigment gallbladder calculi. However, they were distinct from most gallbladder stones, indicating that primary bile duct calculi have an aetiology that is different to 90% of gallbladder calculi. Primary bile duct calculi were observed to occur with or without the presence of a gallbladder, and more interestingly, in the bile duct of two patients with cholesterol gallbladder stones. Bile duct bile of patients with primary choledocholithiasis were always moderately to profusely infected and with abundant calcium bilirubinate precipitation. Moreover, this study has shown that PBDS chemical analyses profiles were consistent and correlated well with their defined morphology. Consequently, PBDS may be accurately identified at the time of operation by morphology. An important aetiological factor would appear to be infection, which would seem to promote bile duct bile stasis and eventual stone growth

SAM: A new GHz sampling ASIC for the H.E.S.S.-II front-end electronics

The H.E.S.S.-II front-end electronics, with its 20 GeV energy threshold, will require a much higher acquisition rate capability and a larger dynamic range than was relevant for H.E.S.S.-I. These constraints led to the development of a new ASIC, called SAM for Swift Analogue Memory, to replace the ARS used for H.E.S.S.-I. The SAM chip features 2 channels for the low and high gain outputs of a PMT, each channel having a depth of 256 analogue memory cells. The sampling frequency is adjustable from 0.7 up to 2 GS/s and the read-out time for one event is decreased from 275 down to 2.3 μs. The SAM input bandwidth and dynamic range are increased up to 300 MHz and more than 11 bits, respectively

Single step therapy for abscess foci localized at different parts of the body using trocar type catheter: Results of two year-experience

Objectives: The aim of this study was to emphasize the feasibility and cost effectiveness of trocar type catheter in percutaneous abscess drainage under imaging guidance and to determine the clinical efficacy of the method.Materials and methods: From June 2008 to December 2010, 48 patients who were referred to interventional radiology unit, in order to undergo percutaneous abscess drainage. All was data including age, the organ or the part of the body where the abscess was localized and size of abscess were recorded. Forty-two (87%) patients underwent drainage with ultrasonographic guidance, while 6 (13%) underwent with computed tomography guidance. One pediatric patient underwent systemic sedation anesthesia (with remiphentanyl and midazolam) and the rest of the patient with local anesthesia (with prilocain hydrochlorid). Catheterization procedure with which abscess drainage was done accepted as technically successful.Results: Imaging guided percutaneous abscess drainage procedures were performed with trocar type catheter to localized abscesses in different organs or systems in 48 patients (25 men, 23 women, mean age 52 years, range 2-82 years). Technical success was 100% in all cases. No patient had a complication during the procedure. Time to extraction of percutaneous catheter after drainage procedure was 5-28 days (mean 11.2 days). There was no recurrence except for a case, in which an abscess at the splenectomy site was successfully drained.Conclusion: Percutaneous drainage with imaging guidance using the trocar type catheter should be preferred because of its feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and reduced rate of complications in treating abscesses, which localized at different organ systems