redicción de la canal, composición tisular y rasgos regionales en corderos Pelibuey suplementados con gallinaza. V. Estimación del peso de la riñonada

80 Pelibuey lambs supplemented with chicken manure and slaughtered at 34.3 were used; 30.0; 27.3 and 25.3 kg of live weight, to determine the equations for estimating kidney weight, through multiple regressions between regional traits and simple body measurements easily obtained in the live animal. The multivariate technique was used and the meat yield, size and length were selected as the main components that explained 82% of the total accumulated variance of the carcass yield. The thoracic perimeter, chest depth and cane perimeter zoom measurements were highly correlated with the weight and composition of the canal, so it was possible to obtain regression equations to estimate the weight of the kidney by combinations of them. nothing, with R2 = 81 ***, which can be very useful for producers, teachers and researchers, since this anatomical region is one of the most important and economic value in lambs. It is concluded that the estimation equation obtained is very useful, in productive practice, for the breeders of Pelibuey lambs.Se utilizaron 80 corderos Pelibuey suplementados con gallinaza y sacrificados a 34,3; 30,0; 27,3 y 25,3 kg de peso vivo, para determinar las ecuaciones de estimación del peso de la riñonada, mediante regresiones múltiples entre ras- gos regionales y medidas corporales sencillas de fácil obtención en el animal vivo. Se empleó la técnica multivariada y se  seleccionaron: el rendimiento cárnico, talla y largo, como los componentes principales que explicaron el 82 % de la varianza total acumulada del rendimiento en canal. Las medidas zoométricas  perímetro torácico, profundidad del tórax y perímetro de la caña, estuvieron altamente correlacionadas con el peso y la composición de  la canal, por lo que fue posible obtener mediante combinaciones de ellas, ecuaciones de regresión para estimar el peso de la riño- nada, con R2 = 81***, que puede ser muy útil para  productores, docentes e investigadores, pues esta región anatómi- ca es una de las de mayor importancia y valor económico en corderos. Se concluye que la ecuación de estimación ob- tenida resulta de gran utilidad, en la práctica productiva, para los criadores de corderos Pelibuey

Predicción de la canal, composición tisular y rasgos regionales en corderos Pelibuey suplementados con gallinaza. II. Estimación del peso de la carne

80 creole sheep slaughtered at a liveweight of 34,3; 30; 27,3 and 25,3 kg were sampled to find out and equation to estimate car- cass meat total weigt. Multiple regressions from simple body measures in living animals and carcass traits were carried out to this effect. A multivariant technique was applied, and meat yield, size, and length were selected as the principal components account- ing for the 82% total variance of carcass yield. Zoometric measures such as chest girth and chest depth, together with liveweight, were highly correlated to carcass deadweight and composition, therefore, regression equations could be obtained out of these features combination in order to estimate total meat production concerning the carcass with R2 = 87***, a very useful finding for breeders. Equation residuals kept a normal distribution which, together with a high determinant coefficient and significance, guarantee this equation exactness. Therefore, the obtained equation proves to be highly useful for meat production, research work, and teaching.Se utilizaron 80 corderos Pelibuey sacrificados a 34,3; 30; 27,3 y 25,3 kg de peso vivo, para determinar la ecuación de estima- ción del peso total de la carne de la canal mediante regresiones múltiples obtenidas entre medidas corporales sencillas de fácil obtención en el animal vivo y rasgos de la canal. Se empleó la técnica multivariada y se seleccionaron: el rendimiento cárnico, talla y largo como los componentes principales que explicaron el 82% de la varianza total acumulada del rendimiento en canal. Las medidas zoométricas perímetro torácico y profundidad del pecho, conjuntamente con el peso vivo, estuvieron altamente correlacionadas con el peso y la composición de la canal, por lo que fue posible obtener mediante combinaciones de ellas, ecua- ciones de regresión para estimar la producción total de carne en la canal, con R2 = 87***, que puede ser muy útil para los produc- tores. Los residuos obtenidos para la ecuación mantienen una distribución normal lo cual, unido al alto coeficiente de determina- ción y la alta significación de la ecuación, garantizan su precisión. Se concluye que la ecuación de estimación obtenida es de gran utilidad para la práctica productiva, la investigación científica y la docencia

Predicción de la canal, composición tisular y rasgos regionales en corderos Pelibuey suplementados con gallinaza. I. Estimación de la canal

80 creole sheep slaughtered at a liveweight of 34,3; 30; 27,3 and 25,3 kg were sampled to find out some equations to obtain half-carcass weight and carcass traits values. Multiple regressions out of simple body measures easily obtained in living animals were carried out to this effect. A multivariant technique was applied, and meat yield, size, and length were selected as the princi- pal components accounting for the 82% total variance of carcass yield. Zoometric measures such as height of the rump and chest depth, together with liveweight, showed a high correlation with carcass deadweight and composition; therefore regression equa- tions could be obtained out of these features combination in order to estimate half-carcass weight with R2 = 93***, a very useful finding for breeders, professors, and researchers. Equation residuals kept a normal distribution which, together with a high determinant coefficient and significance, guarantee   this equation exactness. Therefore, the obtained equation proves to be highly useful for creole sheep breeders.Se utilizaron 80 corderos Pelibuey sacrificados a 34,3; 30,0; 27,3 y 25,3 kg de peso vivo, para determinar las ecuaciones de es- timación del peso de la media canal y rasgos regionales, mediante regresiones múltiples entre medidas corporales sencillas de fácil obtención en el animal vivo. Se empleó la técnica multivariada y se seleccionaron el rendimiento cárnico, talla y largo, como los componentes principales que explicaron el 82% de la varianza total acumulada del rendimiento en canal. Las medidas zoomé- tricas altura de la grupa y profundidad del tórax, conjuntamente con el peso vivo, estuvieron altamente correlacionadas con el peso y la composición de la canal, por lo que fue posible obtener mediante combinaciones de ellas, ecuaciones de regresión para estimar el peso de la media canal, con R2 =93***, que puede ser muy útil para productores, docentes e investigadores. Los resi- duos de la ecuación mantienen una distribución normal, lo cual, unido al alto coeficiente de determinación y significación de la ecuación garantizan su precisión. Se concluye que la ecuación de estimación obtenida es de gran utilidad en la práctica producti- va, para los criadores de corderos Pelibuey

Innervation patterns of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) mystacial follicle-sinus complexes

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are the most recent group of mammals to return to the sea, and may exemplify divergent somatosensory tactile systems among mammals. Therefore, we quantified the mystacial vibrissal array of sea otters and histologically processed follicle-sinus complexes (F - SCs) to test the hypotheses that the number of myelinated axons per F - SC is greater than that found for terrestrial mammalian vibrissae and that their organization and microstructure converge with those of pinniped vibrissae. A mean of 120.5 vibrissae were arranged rostrally on a broad, blunt muzzle in 7–8 rows and 9–13 columns. The F-SCs of sea otters are tripartite in their organization and similar in microstructure to pinnipeds rather than terrestrial species. Each F-SC was innervated by a mean 1339 ± 408.3 axons. Innervation to the entire mystacial vibrissal array was estimated at 161,313 axons. Our data support the hypothesis that the disproportionate expansion of the coronal gyrus in somatosensory cortex of sea otters is related to the high innervation investment of the mystacial vibrissal array, and that quantifying innervation investment is a good proxy for tactile sensitivity. We predict that the tactile performance of sea otter mystacial vibrissae is comparable to that of harbor seals, sea lions and walruses

Trauma, poverty and mental health among Somali and Rwandese refugees living in an African refugee settlement – an epidemiological study

Onyut LP, Neuner F, Ertl V, Schauer E, Odenwald M, Elbert T. Trauma, poverty and mental health among Somali and Rwandese refugees living in an African refugee settlement – an epidemiological study. Conflict and Health. 2009;3(1):6.Background: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among Rwandese and Somali refugees resident in a Ugandan refugee settlement, as a measure of the mental health consequences of armed conflict, as well as to inform a subsequent mental health outreach program. The study population comprised a sample from 14400 (n = 519 Somali and n = 906 Rwandese) refugees resident in Nakivale refugee settlement in South Western Uganda during the year 2003. Methods: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 were used to screen for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Results: Thirty two percent of the Rwandese and 48.1% of the Somali refugees were found to suffer from PTSD. The Somalis refugees had a mean of 11.95 (SD = 6.17) separate traumatic event types while the Rwandese had 8.86 (SD = 5.05). The Somalis scored a mean sum score of 21.17 (SD = 16.19) on the PDS while the Rwandese had a mean sum score of 10.05 (SD = 9.7). Conclusion: Mental health consequences of conflict remain long after the events are over, and therefore mental health intervention is as urgent for post-conflict migrant populations as physical health and other emergency interventions. A mental health outreach program was initiated based on this study

Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor

Peer reviewedPostprin

Current European Labyrinthula zosterae Are Not Virulent and Modulate Seagrass (Zostera marina) Defense Gene Expression

Pro- and eukaryotic microbes associated with multi-cellular organisms are receiving increasing attention as a driving factor in ecosystems. Endophytes in plants can change host performance by altering nutrient uptake, secondary metabolite production or defense mechanisms. Recent studies detected widespread prevalence of Labyrinthula zosterae in European Zostera marina meadows, a protist that allegedly caused a massive amphi-Atlantic seagrass die-off event in the 1930's, while showing only limited virulence today. As a limiting factor for pathogenicity, we investigated genotype×genotype interactions of host and pathogen from different regions (10–100 km-scale) through reciprocal infection. Although the endophyte rapidly infected Z. marina, we found little evidence that Z. marina was negatively impacted by L. zosterae. Instead Z. marina showed enhanced leaf growth and kept endophyte abundance low. Moreover, we found almost no interaction of protist×eelgrass-origin on different parameters of L. zosterae virulence/Z. marina performance, and also no increase in mortality after experimental infection. In a target gene approach, we identified a significant down-regulation in the expression of 6/11 genes from the defense cascade of Z. marina after real-time quantitative PCR, revealing strong immune modulation of the host's defense by a potential parasite for the first time in a marine plant. Nevertheless, one gene involved in phenol synthesis was strongly up-regulated, indicating that Z. marina plants were probably able to control the level of infection. There was no change in expression in a general stress indicator gene (HSP70). Mean L. zosterae abundances decreased below 10% after 16 days of experimental runtime. We conclude that under non-stress conditions L. zosterae infection in the study region is not associated with substantial virulence

The interplay of landscape composition and configuration: new pathways to manage functional biodiversity and agroecosystem services across Europe

Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services is a key aim of a sustainable agriculture. However, how the spatial arrangement of crop fields and other habitats in landscapes impacts arthropods and their functions is poorly known. Synthesising data from 49 studies (1515 landscapes) across Europe, we examined effects of landscape composition (% habitats) and configuration (edge density) on arthropods in fields and their margins, pest control, pollination and yields. Configuration effects interacted with the proportions of crop and non‐crop habitats, and species’ dietary, dispersal and overwintering traits led to contrasting responses to landscape variables. Overall, however, in landscapes with high edge density, 70% of pollinator and 44% of natural enemy species reached highest abundances and pollination and pest control improved 1.7‐ and 1.4‐fold respectively. Arable‐dominated landscapes with high edge densities achieved high yields. This suggests that enhancing edge density in European agroecosystems can promote functional biodiversity and yield‐enhancing ecosystem services

Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals

During 2015–2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements