39 research outputs found

    Potencial biotecnológico e impacto antrópico em microrganismos prospectados no lago Paranoá, Brasília, DF

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    Tese (doutorado) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2021.Poluição ambiental pode ser compreendida como o espalhamento de um material em um ambiente, de forma que esse tenha efeitos nocivos à biota que lá existe ou interage. Dentre os tipos de poluente, é possível se listar os poluentes convencionais, de origem natural e finitos, tais como hidrocarbonetos oriundos do petróleo; os poluentes xenobióticos, artificiais e finitos, tais como fármacos e agrotóxicos e os elementos xenogenéticos, gerados a partir de ações antrópicas e capazes de se reproduzir em seus hospedeiros, tais como plasmídeos epidêmicos. Em uma perspectiva de saúde única, a saúde humana é dependente e relacional com a saúde de animais domésticos e do meio ambiente como um todo, de forma que se faz necessário entender e mitigar as ações antrópicas nocivas ao meio ambiente. Em uma primeira etapa do presente estudo, foi feita a prospecção de microrganismos capazes de degradar cafeína e paracetamol, dois dos poluentes mais comuns em ambientes aquáticos, a partir de uma amostra de água superficial do lago Paranoá. Ao final da prospecção por enriquecimento, foi isolada uma colônia de bactérias, as quais eram capazes de crescer em meios mínimos contendo apenas um dos fármacos como fonte única de carbono e energia. Análises bioquímicas e genômicas identificaram a espécie do isolado como Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curiosamente, esse isolado produz um pigmento marrom apenas em culturas com paracetamol e análises espectroscópicas em ultravioleta, luz visível e infravermelho sugerem tratar-se de uma melanina, o que pode levar futuramente a aplicações biotecnológicas, tais como o uso dessas na remoção de novos poluentes, em uma segunda ordem de despoluição. Análises genômicas indicam a presença de genes e vias metabólicas de degradação desses fármacos, porém a ainda é necessária sua comprovação experimental. Em uma segunda etapa, foram avaliadas características de interesse médico do isolado, com foco em análises genômicas. Análises de average nucleotide identity (ANI) e in silico Multilocus sequence typing(MLST) revelam o isolado como pertencente a uma nova linhagem de K. pneumoniae, cujo número de linhagem tipo (strain type) foi depositado em banco de dados da espécie. O antibiograma do isolado mostra que esse possui o fenótipo de multirresistência a antibióticos, dentre eles quinolonas, cefalosporinas e carbapenems. Análises genômicas apontaram para poucas evidências relacionadas à hipervirulência do isolado, no entanto foram detectados grupos de genes relacionados à virulência e foram encontrados genes de resistência, incluindo genes de beta-lactacamase de espectro estendido e de carbapenemase, esse último associado a um transposon não descrito na literatura. O isolado também possui um contig extracromossômico idêntico a uma sequência observada em uma cepa de K. pneumoniae hospitalar, o que indica a presença de um fluxo de genes entre a rede de hospitais do Distrito Federal e o lago Paranoá, com novos estudos sendo necessários para um melhor entendimento deste fluxo. O achado de uma cepa bacteriana multirresistente no lago Paranoá é preocupante, uma vez que esse é utilizado para fins recreativos pela população local, bem como fonte de captação de água potável, ainda que existam processos a jusantes de tratamento desta. Por fim, estudos na literatura indicam a correlação no aumento de temperatura ambiental e aumento no número de infecções com bactérias multirresistentes a antibacterianos em humanos. Fatores bioquímicos de bactérias a mudanças nas sociedades humanas têm sido apontados como possíveis hipóteses para essa correlação e o reuso de água com bactérias multirresistentes pode ser um fator a contribuir com esta.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP/DF)Environmental pollution can be understood as the spread of a material in an environment, such that it causes harmful effects in its existing or interacting biotia. Among the different types of pollution, there are the conventional, of natural sources and finite, such as oil borne hydrocarbons; the xenobiotic, generated as a result of anthropic activities and finite, such as pharmaceuticals and agrotoxics and the xenogeneic, also resulted from human activities, but with the capacity of replication in their hosts, such as epidemic plasmids. Under the One Health perspective, human health depends on and relates with the health of domestic animals and the environment as a whole, so that it becomes necessary to understand and mitigate harmful effects of human actions in the environment. In the first part of the present study, microbes were prospected in function of their capacity for biodegrading caffeine and acetoaminophen, two of the most common xenobiotics in water bodies. This prospection was based on water samples from the local Paranoá lake. By the end of the prospection, a colony of bacteria was isolated, which was capable of growth in M9 minimal medium supplemented with either caffeine or acetoaminophen as sole carbon and energy sources. Biochemical and genomic analyses identified these bacteria as belonging to the Klebsiella pneumoniae species. Curiously, these bacteria were able to produce a brown pigment when in contact with acetoaminophen. Spectroscopic analyses in ultraviolet, visible and infrared light indicate that this pigment is a melanin, which may lead to future biotechnological applications, such as its use to remove new pollutants in an environment, as a second-order depollution. Genomic analysis of the isolate point towards the presence of metabolic pathways potentially involved in the biodegradation of these drugs; however further experimental assays are needed to demonstrate this capacity. In the second part of the study, medically relevant features of the bacterial isolate were analyzed, with a focus on genomic analysis. Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and Multilocus Sequence Typing indicate that this isolate represents a novel strain for the species, whose Strain Type was deposited in a database of K. pneumoniae. The antibiogram of the isolate shows that it possesses the multidrug resistance phenotype which comprehends resistance to quinolones, cephalosporins and carbapenems. Genomic analysis found little evidence related to the hypervirulent phenotype, though genes clusters related to virulence and related to drug resistance have been found, including genes of extended- spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase, the latter of which associated with an undescribed transposon in the literature. The isolate also has an extrachromossomal contig that is identical to a sequence found in a local hospital strain, which points toward the presence of a gene flow from local hospitals into the lake, with further studies necessary to test this possibility. This hypothesis is concerning, given that the lake is used for recreational purposes by the local population and it is used as a reservoir for water reuse, including drinking water, even though there are downstream water treatment processes. Finally, there are studies in the literature which present a correlation between increases in environmental temperature and number of antibacterial-resistant bacterial infections in humans. Factors ranging from biochemical pathways to human societal changes have been attributed as possible causes for this correlation and water reuse with antimicrobial resistant bacteria may be one contributing factor

    Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

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    The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

    Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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    A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

    Measurement of the W boson polarisation in ttˉt\bar{t} events from pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV in the lepton + jets channel with ATLAS

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    Measurements of top-quark pair differential cross-sections in the eμe\mu channel in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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    Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying into Wb in pp collisions at s=8\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    Measurement of the bbb\overline{b} dijet cross section in pp collisions at s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    Charged-particle distributions at low transverse momentum in s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV pppp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

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    Search for dark matter in association with a Higgs boson decaying to bb-quarks in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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