El eco de cartas y mapas en los caminos de la memoria

El recorrido de este texto no es una historia de la Cartografía desde Europa, donde tempranamente se generaron numerosos mapas que domesticaron virtualmente el territorio cubano, con la idea de una necesidad desmedida de poblar cada rincón para ‘evangelizar’ el espacio, una mezcla de fantasía, arte y simbolismos justificantes para satisfacer la sed colonial, sino una mirada al proceso de formación del mapa nacional y al extraordinario papel de los agrimensores, a través de las evidencias que dejaron numerosas instituciones y particulares en los acervos documentales del Archivo Nacional.Una conjunción de factores contribuyó a delinear notables mapas, algunos llegando a superar a los que contemporáneamente poseía la metrópoli y a ser reconocidos posteriormente por las autoridades intervencionistas de 1898. Finalmente se brinda una caracterización de la Mapoteca y su gestión actual, un lugar que recoge la obra de los más destacados agrimensores, pilotos, cartógrafos, dibujantes, arquitectos e ingenieros, desde el siglo XVI al XX, contribuyentes de numerosos aportes e innovaciones a la Cartografía nacional.O percurso deste texto não é uma história da cartografia da Europa, onde rapidamente foram gerados numerosos mapas que domesticaram virtualmente o território cubano, com a idéia de uma necessidade excessiva de preencher todos os cantos para 'evangelizar' o espaço, uma mescla de fantasia, arte e simbolismo para satisfazer a sede colonial, mas sim um olhar para o processo de formação do mapa nacional e o papel especial dos agrimensores, através das evidências deixadas por muitas instituições e indivíduos nas coleções documentais do Arquivo Nacional.Uma combinação de fatores contribuiu para delinear mapas notáveis, alguns chegando a superar aos que contemporaneamente possuia a metrôpole, o que posteriormente foi reconhecido pelas autoridades intervencionistas em 1898. Finalmente, se oferece uma caracterização da Mapoteca e sua gestão corrente, um lugar que reúne a obra dos mais notáveis agrimensores, pilotos, cartógrafos, artistas, arquitetos e engenheiros, a partir do século XVI ao século XX, contribuintes de numerosos aportes e inovações para a Cartografia Nacional.The route of this text is not a history of cartography from Europe, where many early maps virtually domesticated Cuban territory, with the idea of an excessive need to populate every corner to 'evangelize' the space, a mixture of fantasy, art and symbolism to satisfy colonial thirst, but a look at the process of the National Map formation and the special role of surveyors, through the evidence left by many institutions and individuals in the documentary collections of the National Archives.A combination of factors contributed to delineate remarkable maps, some even higher than those owned by the metrópolis, wich was subsequently recognized by the interventionist authorities in 1898. Finally, a characterization of the Map Library and its current management, a place that gathers the most outstanding work of surveyors, pilots, cartographers, artists, architects and engineers, from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, contributions of many inputs and innovations to the national Cartography

El eco de cartas y mapas en los caminos de la memoria

El recorrido de este texto no es una historia de la Cartografía desde Europa, donde tempranamente se generaron numerosos mapas que domesticaron virtualmente el territorio cubano, con la idea de una necesidad desmedida de poblar cada rincón para ‘evangelizar’ el espacio, una mezcla de fantasía, arte y simbolismos justificantes para satisfacer la sed colonial, sino una mirada al proceso de formación del mapa nacional y al extraordinario papel de los agrimensores, a través de las evidencias que dejaron numerosas instituciones y particulares en los acervos documentales del Archivo Nacional.Una conjunción de factores contribuyó a delinear notables mapas, algunos llegando a superar a los que contemporáneamente poseía la metrópoli y a ser reconocidos posteriormente por las autoridades intervencionistas de 1898. Finalmente se brinda una caracterización de la Mapoteca y su gestión actual, un lugar que recoge la obra de los más destacados agrimensores, pilotos, cartógrafos, dibujantes, arquitectos e ingenieros, desde el siglo XVI al XX, contribuyentes de numerosos aportes e innovaciones a la Cartografía nacional.O percurso deste texto não é uma história da cartografia da Europa, onde rapidamente foram gerados numerosos mapas que domesticaram virtualmente o território cubano, com a idéia de uma necessidade excessiva de preencher todos os cantos para 'evangelizar' o espaço, uma mescla de fantasia, arte e simbolismo para satisfazer a sede colonial, mas sim um olhar para o processo de formação do mapa nacional e o papel especial dos agrimensores, através das evidências deixadas por muitas instituições e indivíduos nas coleções documentais do Arquivo Nacional.Uma combinação de fatores contribuiu para delinear mapas notáveis, alguns chegando a superar aos que contemporaneamente possuia a metrôpole, o que posteriormente foi reconhecido pelas autoridades intervencionistas em 1898. Finalmente, se oferece uma caracterização da Mapoteca e sua gestão corrente, um lugar que reúne a obra dos mais notáveis agrimensores, pilotos, cartógrafos, artistas, arquitetos e engenheiros, a partir do século XVI ao século XX, contribuintes de numerosos aportes e inovações para a Cartografia Nacional.The route of this text is not a history of cartography from Europe, where many early maps virtually domesticated Cuban territory, with the idea of an excessive need to populate every corner to 'evangelize' the space, a mixture of fantasy, art and symbolism to satisfy colonial thirst, but a look at the process of the National Map formation and the special role of surveyors, through the evidence left by many institutions and individuals in the documentary collections of the National Archives.A combination of factors contributed to delineate remarkable maps, some even higher than those owned by the metrópolis, wich was subsequently recognized by the interventionist authorities in 1898. Finally, a characterization of the Map Library and its current management, a place that gathers the most outstanding work of surveyors, pilots, cartographers, artists, architects and engineers, from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, contributions of many inputs and innovations to the national Cartography

2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: executive summary.

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2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: executive summary.

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Cryoablation or Drug Therapy for Initial Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

AF is a common chronic and progressive disorder. Without treatment, AF will recur in up to 75% of patients within a year of their index diagnosis. Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) have been proven to be more effective than placebo at maintaining sinus rhythm and remain the recommended initial therapeutic option for AF. However, the emergence of ‘single-shot’ AF ablation toolsets, which have enabled enhanced procedural standardisation and consistent outcomes with low rates of complications, has led to renewed interest in determining whether first-line catheter ablation may improve outcomes. The recently published EARLY-AF trial evaluated the role of initial cryoballoon ablation versus guideline-directed AAD therapy. Compared to AADs, an initial treatment cryoballoon ablation strategy resulted in greater freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia, superior reduction in AF burden, greater improvement in quality of life and lower healthcare resource utilisation. These findings are relevant to patients, providers and healthcare systems when considering the initial treatment choice for rhythm-control therapy

Stroke prevention strategies in North American patients with atrial fibrillation:the GLORIA-AF registry program

Thrombosis and Hemostasi

Remote magnetic versus manual catheters: evaluation of ablation effect in atrial fibrillation by myocardial marker levels

Background A remote magnetic navigation (MN) system is available for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), challenging the conventional manual ablation technique. The myocardial markers were measured to compare the effects of the two types of MN catheters with those of a manual-irrigated catheter in AF ablation. Methods AF patients underwent an ablation procedure using either a conventional manual-irrigated catheter (CIR, n=65) or an MN system utilizing either an irrigated (RMI, n=23) or non-irrigated catheter (RMN, n=26). Levels of troponin T (TnT) and the cardiac isoform of creatin kinase (CKMB) were measured before and after ablation. Results Mean procedure times and total ablation times were longer employing the remote magnetic system. In all groups, there were pronounced increases in markers of myocardial injury after ablation, demonstrating a significant correlation between total ablation time and post-ablation levels of TnT and CKMB (CIR r=0.61 and 0.53, p<0.001; RMI r=0.74 and 0.73, p<0.001; and RMN r=0.51 and 0.59, p<0.01). Time-corrected release of TnT was significantly higher in the CIR group than in the other groups. Of the patients, 59.6% were free from AF at follow-up (12.2± 5.4 months) and there were no differences in success rate between the three groups. Conclusions Remote magnetic catheters may create more discrete and predictable ablation lesions measured by myocardial enzymes and may require longer total ablation time to reach the procedural endpoints. Remote magnetic non-irrigated catheters do not appear to be inferior to magnetic irrigated catheters in terms of myocardial enzyme release and clinical outcome