Development and Rheological Characterisation of Abrasive Flow Finishing Medium for Finishing Macro to Micro Features

Technological advancement demands the manufacturing of components with a fine surface finish at a minimal cost. This scenario acts as the driving force for the research communities to develop economic finishing processes. Abrasive flow finishing (AFF) is one of the advanced finishing processes employed for finishing, deburring, radiusing and recast layer removal from the workpiece surfaces. AFF process uses a finishing medium that acts as a deformable tool during the finishing process. It is the rheological properties of the medium that profoundly influences the end surface finish obtained on the workpiece after the AFF process. In the current work, an attempt is made to develop an economic AFF medium by using viscoelastic polymers i.e., soft styrene and soft silicone polymer. Detailed static and dynamic characterisation of the medium is carried out. Later, to study the finishing performance of the developed medium, AFF experiments are performed for the finishing of macro and micro feature components. The experimental study showed that the nano surface finish could be achieved by varying the viscosity of the developed medium. Developed medium achieved 89.06 per cent improvement in surface roughness during finishing of tubes (macro feature component), while 92.13 per cent and 88.11 per cent surface roughness improvement is achieved during finishing of microslots and microholes (micro feature component), respectively

Experimental Study and Modeling of Machining with Dry Compressed Air, Flood and Minimum Quantity Cutting Fluid Cooling Techniques

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of dry air cooling (DAC), flood cooling (FC) and cooling with minimum quantity cutting fluid (MQCF) on average surface roughness (Ra), chip thickness and tool flank wear were studied. For MQCF, a specially designed and fabricated mist application system was developed. In MQCF, the cutting fluid and pressurized air are mixed externally to form homogenous mist at the exit of twin holed nozzle, which is delivered to cutting zone. Preliminary experiments were carried out to find the optimum air pressure (cutting fluid discharge) for minimum Ra and tool wear. Later complete experiments were planned according to central rotatable composite design technique. It was found from the experimental results that MQCF was effective in substantially bringing down the Ra (22% & 15.5%), chip thickness (9.5% & 5.0%), and flank wear (15.5% & 6.0%), compared to DAC and FC respectively. In MQCF, due to negligible consumption of cutting fluid, both emissions during machining and cutting fluid cost are negligible. Hence the product cost is reduced greatly in MQCF. Thus MQCF enhances safety standards, environmental cleanliness and reduces the manufacturing cost of the produc

Deep Learning Frameworks for Cardiovascular Arrhythmia Classification

Arrhythmia classification is a prominent research problem due to the computational complexities of learning the morphology of various ECG patterns and its wide prevalence in the medical field, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we used Empirical Mode Decomposition and Discrete Wavelet Transform for preprocessing and then the modified signal is classified using various classifiers such as Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, Linear  SVM, Polynomial SVM, RBF SVM, Sigmoid SVM and Convolutional Neural Networks. The proposed method classify the data into five classes N (Normal), S (Supraventricular premature) beat, (V) Premature ventricular contraction, F (Fusion of ventricular and normal), and Q, (Unclassifiable Beat) using softmax regressor at the end of the network. The proposed approach performs well in terms of classification accuracy when tested using ECG signals acquired from the MIT-BIH database. In comparison to existing classifiers, the Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 score values of the proposed technique are 98.5%, 96.9%, 94.3%, and 91.32%, respectively.  &nbsp

2,4,8,10,13-Penta­methyl-6-phenyl-13,14-dihydro-12H-6λ5-dibenzo[d,i][1,3,7,2]dioxaza­phosphecin-6-thione

In the title compound, C25H28NO2PS, the cyclo­decene ring exhibits a crown conformation. The two dimethyl­benzene rings which are fused symmetrically on either side of the ten-membered ring, make dihedral angles of 20.2 (1) and 18.0 (1)°. The phenyl ring substituted at P is perpendicular to the heterocyclic ring, making a dihedral angle of 88.4 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by very weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

THE SURVEY OF CANCER PATIENTS IN THE REGION OF GUNTUR: BASED ON HOSPITAL REGISTRY

Objective: This survey was conducted to estimate the number of cancer patients in the region of Guntur-based on sex, age and cancer groups. The data were obtained from the hospital-based registries from Bommidala Cancer Institute, NRI Hospital, Balaji Cancer Care Center, and Govt. General Hospital, which was scrutinized and analysed.Methods: The hospital registry entry was considered suitable for assessing the cancer cases in the region of Guntur. In addition, data of NCRP were utilised for comparing the obtained results.Results: The data comprehensively constitutes of 309 patients. Out of which men were 74 (23.95%), and women were 235 (76.05%) who had obtained treatment for various cancer conditions between March-May, 2016. In these hospitals, cancers pertaining to the cervix-83 (31.32%), breast-52 (19.62%), ovary–17 (6.41%), lymphoid-11 (4.15%), pharynx-10 (3.77%), endometrium-10 (3.77%), astrocytoma-08 (3.02%), colon-07 (2.64%), larynx-06 (2.26%), rectum–06 (2.26%), oesophagus–05 (1.88%), post cricoids-04 (1.50%), stomach–04 (1.50%), liver–03 (1.13%) were the leading sites in order. While among these cases, radiation therapy patients were 194 (62.78%), chemotherapy patients were 78 (25.24%), and surgery patients were 37 (11.97 %).Conclusion: Survey reports the highest incidence of cancer cases to be cervix cancer among the women while it was pharyngeal cancer which precedes lung cancer among the men. This hospital-based registry survey is a report that provided internal consistency, reliability and validity

A framework for human microbiome research

A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. Here we present resources from a population of 242 healthy adults sampled at 15 or 18 body sites up to three times, which have generated 5,177 microbial taxonomic profiles from 16S ribosomal RNA genes and over 3.5 terabases of metagenomic sequence so far. In parallel, approximately 800 reference strains isolated from the human body have been sequenced. Collectively, these data represent the largest resource describing the abundance and variety of the human microbiome, while providing a framework for current and future studies

Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group. The definitive version was published in Nature 486 (2012): 207-214, doi:10.1038/nature11234.Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analysed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats so far. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome.This research was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants U54HG004969 to B.W.B.; U54HG003273 to R.A.G.; U54HG004973 to R.A.G., S.K.H. and J.F.P.; U54HG003067 to E.S.Lander; U54AI084844 to K.E.N.; N01AI30071 to R.L.Strausberg; U54HG004968 to G.M.W.; U01HG004866 to O.R.W.; U54HG003079 to R.K.W.; R01HG005969 to C.H.; R01HG004872 to R.K.; R01HG004885 to M.P.; R01HG005975 to P.D.S.; R01HG004908 to Y.Y.; R01HG004900 to M.K.Cho and P. Sankar; R01HG005171 to D.E.H.; R01HG004853 to A.L.M.; R01HG004856 to R.R.; R01HG004877 to R.R.S. and R.F.; R01HG005172 to P. Spicer.; R01HG004857 to M.P.; R01HG004906 to T.M.S.; R21HG005811 to E.A.V.; M.J.B. was supported by UH2AR057506; G.A.B. was supported by UH2AI083263 and UH3AI083263 (G.A.B., C. N. Cornelissen, L. K. Eaves and J. F. Strauss); S.M.H. was supported by UH3DK083993 (V. B. Young, E. B. Chang, F. Meyer, T. M. S., M. L. Sogin, J. M. Tiedje); K.P.R. was supported by UH2DK083990 (J. V.); J.A.S. and H.H.K. were supported by UH2AR057504 and UH3AR057504 (J.A.S.); DP2OD001500 to K.M.A.; N01HG62088 to the Coriell Institute for Medical Research; U01DE016937 to F.E.D.; S.K.H. was supported by RC1DE0202098 and R01DE021574 (S.K.H. and H. Li); J.I. was supported by R21CA139193 (J.I. and D. S. Michaud); K.P.L. was supported by P30DE020751 (D. J. Smith); Army Research Office grant W911NF-11-1-0473 to C.H.; National Science Foundation grants NSF DBI-1053486 to C.H. and NSF IIS-0812111 to M.P.; The Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 for P.S. C.; LANL Laboratory-Directed Research and Development grant 20100034DR and the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency grants B104153I and B084531I to P.S.C.; Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) grant to K.F. and J.Raes; R.K. is an HHMI Early Career Scientist; Gordon&BettyMoore Foundation funding and institutional funding fromthe J. David Gladstone Institutes to K.S.P.; A.M.S. was supported by fellowships provided by the Rackham Graduate School and the NIH Molecular Mechanisms in Microbial Pathogenesis Training Grant T32AI007528; a Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of Canada Grant in Aid of Research to E.A.V.; 2010 IBM Faculty Award to K.C.W.; analysis of the HMPdata was performed using National Energy Research Scientific Computing resources, the BluBioU Computational Resource at Rice University

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

18% of the world's population lives in India, and many states of India have populations similar to those of large countries. Action to effectively improve population health in India requires availability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors. Thus, we aimed to estimate the disease burden and risk factors in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016