Ensinando higienização das mãos para crianças em uma escola municipal de Juiz de Fora: relato de experiência

Diversas doenças na infância podem ser prevenidas por meio da higienização das mãos. Com esse propósito, o presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar as experiências dos estudantes e professor orientador envolvidos em um projeto de extensão que abordou o ensino da higienização das mãos para crianças em uma escola municipal localizada na região de Juiz de Fora, MG. Trata-se de um relato de experiência conduzido em uma escola pública da rede municipal de ensino, no período compreendido entre 3 de março e 10 de junho de 2023. O projeto de extensão foi realizado através do planejamento e da elaboração das ações na Faculdade de Enfermagem. Posteriormente, foi implementado na instituição de ensino por meio de duas atividades educativas, conduzidas de forma lúdica para facilitar a compreensão do tema. Participaram deste projeto de extensão 149 crianças, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (54,3%). Após a execução das ações e com o intuito de reforçar a técnica de higiene das mãos, elaborou-se uma peça educativa que visa definir os momentos recomendados para a implementação dessa medida preventiva no âmbito escolar. Observou-se que a educação em saúde voltada à higienização das mãos nas escolas contribuiu para a promoção da autonomia e responsabilidade das crianças em relação à própria saúde

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Reutilization of autoclaved intravaginal progesterone device for estrous induction and synchronization in Toggenburg goats

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da reutilização de dispositivos intravaginais autoclavados sobre a indução do estro, ovulação e fertilidade em caprinos da raça Toggenburg, além de caracterizar o perfil de progesterona plasmática destes animais. O estudo foi realizado na estação de anestro estacional (n=42) e na estação de acasalamento natural (n=67), no município de Piau-MG (21°35 S de latitude e 43°15 W de longitude). As cabras receberam dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona novos (CN) ou que foram previamente utilizados por seis (C6) ou 12 dias (C12) e autoclavados posteriormente. Dinoprost (5 mg) foi administrado latero-vulvar no dia da colocação do dispositivo e eCG (200 UI), aplicado na mesma região, 24 h antes de sua retirada. Os dispositivos permaneceram por seis dias em todos os tratamentos. Dez cabras de cada tratamento foram avaliadas por ultrassonografia transretal (5 MHz). Foram efetuadas coletas de sangue em diferentes momentos para análise de progesterona (P4) plasmática na estação de anestro estacional. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os três tratamentos nos seguintes parâmetros reprodutivos observados na estação de anestro e de acasalamento natural, respectivamente (valor médio dos três tratamentos): taxa média de indução/sincronização de estro (94,9; 76,2%), intervalo médio da retirada do dispositivo ao estro (33,1 ± 11,4; 37,4 ± 16,2 h), duração média do estro (28,6 ± 11,8; 31,7 ± 12,8 h), taxa média de concepção (61,5; 50,7%), taxa média de fêmeas ovulando (95,2; 66,7%), número médio de ovulações (1,7 ± 0,7;1,5 ± 0,6), intervalo médio da retirada do dispositivo à ovulação (68,4 ± 13,0; 77,3 ± 13,8 h), intervalo médio do início do estro à ovulação (36,6 ± 12,6; 36,7 ± 11,2 h), diâmetro médio do maior folículo (7,4 ± 0,6; 6,7 ± 0,5 mm), segundo maior (6,8 ± 0,6; 6,2 ± 0,1 mm) e médio (7,2 ± 0,6; 6,6 ± 0,4 mm). As baixas concentrações iniciais de P4 em todos os tratamentos sete dias antes da inserção dos dispositivos (0,12 ± 0,21) ou no momento da inserção (0,23 ± 0,20) podem ser interpretadas como reflexo da estacionalidade reprodutiva. Às 6 h após a inserção do dispositivo o tratamento CN apresentou maiores (P<0,05) concentrações de P4 (7,16 ± 3,64) do que C6 (4,66 ± 2,13) ou C12 (4,34 ± 1,85) e estes valores mantiveram-se superiores até quatro dias após a inserção. A partir da retirada dos dispositivos, as concentrações plasmáticas de P4 caíram bruscamente para níveis subluteais. Maiores concentrações (P<0,05) de P4 plasmáticas foram identificadas em cabras nulíparas do que em lactantes em diferentes momentos. O processo de autoclavagem não afetou a eficiência da reutilização de dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona em parâmetros reprodutivos como taxa de concepção, indução e sincronização de estro e ovulação em cabras da raça Toggenburg. Os níveis supraluteais mantidos em todos os tratamentos durante o período de permanência do dispositivo permitem inferir que o processo de autoclavagem não interfere na disponibilidade de progesterona nos dispositivos, constituindo-se em uma alternativa viável para reduzir os custos dentro de um rebanho caprino.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reusing autoclaved intravaginal devices on induction of estrus, ovulation and fertility in Toggenburg goats, besides to measure the plasma progesterone (P4) profile in these animals. The study was performed during the seasonal anestrous period (n=42) and in the breeding season (n=67), at the City of Piau-MG (latitude 21°35 S and longitude 43°15 W). Goats received new intravaginal progesterone devices (CN), or devices used previously during six days (C6) or 12 days (C12) and then autoclaved. Dinoprost (5 mg) latero-vulvar was administered on the day of device insertion and eCG (200 IU) latero-vulvar was done 24 h before its removal. The devices were maintained for six days in all treatments. Ten goats from each treatment were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography (5 MHz). Blood was collected at different moments for plasma P4 analysis. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) among the goats of three treatments on the following reproductive parameters observed during the anestrous or breeding season, respectively (average for three treatments): mean estrous induction/synchronization rate (94.9; 76.2%), mean interval from device removal to estrus (33.1 ± 11.4; 37.4 ± 16.2 h), mean duration of estrus (28.6 ± 11.8; 31.7 ± 12.8 h), mean conception rate (61.5; 50.7%), mean ovulating female rate (95.2; 66.7%), mean number of ovulations (1.7 ± 0.7; 1.5 ± 0.6), mean interval from removal to ovulation (68.4 ± 13.0; 77.3 ± 13.8 h), interval from estrus to ovulation (36.6 ± 12.6; 36.7 ± 11.2 h), mean diameter of the dominant follicle (7.4 ± 0.6; 6.7 ± 0.5 mm), co-dominant (6.8 ± 0.6; 6.2 ± 0.1 mm) and medium (7.2 ± 0.6; 6.6 ± 0.4 mm). The small initial concentrations of P4 in alltreatments seven days before device insertion (0.12 ± 0.21) or at the time of insertion (0.23 ± 0.20) may be interpreted as a consequence of reproductive seasonality. Six hours after device insertion CN treatment showed higher (P<0.05) concentrations of P4 (7.16 ± 3.64) when compared to C6 (4.66 ± 2.13) or to C12 (4.34 ± 1.85) and these values remained greater in size up to four days after insertion. One day after device removal, plasma P4 concentration was at subluteal levels. Higher P4 concentrations (P<0.05) were detected in nulliparous when compared to lactating goats in different moments. The autoclave process did not affect the efficiency of reutilizing progesterone intravaginal device in reproductive parameters as fertility rate, induction and synchronization of estrus and ovulation in Toggenburg goats. The supraluteal concentration maintained in all treatments during the insertion device period allow inferring that the autoclave process does not influence progesterone concentration, being a viable alternative to reduce costs in a goat herd

Combination of oviduct fluid and heparin to improve monospermic zygotes production during porcine in vitro fertilization

In vivo, the oviduct provides appropriate microenvironment conditions for monospermic fertilization and early embryo development. In addition, glycosaminoglycans such as heparin are present in the oviduct and have been shown to modulate the activity of oviduct-secreted proteins on the regulation of sperms parameters. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of porcine oocytes exposure to oviduct fluid (OF) before in vitro fertilization (IVF; incubation of oocytes in OF for 30 minutes before IVF), during IVF (supplementation of IVF medium with 10% OF), and during IVF in combination with heparin (10% OF + 10-μg/mL heparin) on IVF parameters. Regardless of sperm concentration used (0.5, 1.5, or 4.5 × 105 cells/mL), exposure of oocytes to OF led to an increased (P 0.05) of the penetration rate in comparison with the control group. This resulted in a general increase (P 0.05) on the monospermy rate in comparison with 10% OF alone. This resulted in a general reduction (P < 0.05) in the final output of the IVF system (%), which was 33 ± 6% and 52 ± 8%, for 10% OF + heparin and 10% OF, respectively. In conclusion, the OF, used in porcine IVF, exerted a beneficial effect on oocytes by reducing the incidence of polyspermy without decreasing the penetration rate. However, the association of the OF with heparin reduced the efficiency of monospermic zygotes' production.Fil: Tavares Pereira Batista, Ribrio Ivan. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universidade Estadual Do Ceara; BrasilFil: Moro, Lucía Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Corbin, Emilie. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Alminana, Carmen. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Gonçalves Souza Fabjan, Joanna Maria. Universidade Estadual Do Ceara; BrasilFil: de Figueirêdo Freitas, Vicente José. Universidade Estadual Do Ceara; BrasilFil: Mermillod, Pascal. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Franci

Suplementação calórica em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês submetidas à indução do estro sincronizado

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 20% increase in dietary energy during short-term estrus induction treatment on the reproductive parameters of Santa Inês ewes. Females (n=43) were allocated into two experimental groups according to the amount of energy inclusion in the diet: maintenance diet or maintenance diet plus 20% energy. Ultrasound examinations were performed in order to detect ovulation. To assess sexual behavior, ewes were teased and further mated. Blood samples were collected for the determination of glucose and insulin concentrations. There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups in the following categories: ovulation rate (80.00% vs. 60.00%), largest follicle diameter (6.00 ± 0.20 vs. 5.90 ± 0.60), interval from device removal to ovulation (52.80 ± 14.87 vs. 59.01 ± 8.34 hours), animals in estrus (75.00% vs. 65.21%), interval from device removal to estrus (30.00 ± 15.49 vs. 30.00 ± 13.35 hours) and conception rate (50.00% vs. 21.73%). There were differences (P0,05) entre os grupos para: taxa de animais ovulando (80% vs 60%), diâmetro do maior folículo (6,00 ± 0,20 vs 5,90 ± 0,60), intervalo da retirada do implante à ovulação (52,80 ± 14,87 vs 59,01 ± 8,34 horas), animais em estro (75,00% vs 65,21%), intervalo da retirada do implante ao estro (30,00 ± 15,49 vs 30,00 ± 13,35 horas) e taxa de concepção (50,00% vs 21,73%). Houve diferença (P<0,05) nas concentrações de insulina e glicose. Pode-se concluir que o aumento em 20% da energia da dieta durante um protocolo curto de sincronização do estro não alterou os parâmetros reprodutivos

Re-used progesterone devices efficiently synchronise oestrus and ovulation after autoclaving process in Toggenburg goats during the breeding season

This study compared new and previously used (and autoclaved) progesterone devices for synchronisation of oestrus during the breeding season in Toggenburg goats. Nulliparous (n = 17) or lactating (n = 50) received new intravaginal devices containing 0.3 g progesterone (CONTROL), or similar devices previously used for either 6 (USED6) or 12 (USED12) days and subsequently autoclaved. All goats received 5 mg dinoprost at device insertion and 200 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin 5 days later and all devices were removed after 6 days. After device removal, females were mated by fertile bucks. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed every 12 h after device removal until ovulation detection. Blood samples were collected for determination of plasma progesterone concentration in different moments and intervals (from 7 days before device insertion to 3 days after its removal). There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) among groups CONTROL, USED6 or USED12 for: oestrus response [75% (18/24), 77% (17/22) or 71% (15/21), respectively]; duration of oestrus (30.7 +/- 3.4, 31.8 +/- 1.7 or 32.8 +/- 3.4 h), percentage of ovulating goats [67% (6/9), 78% (7/9) or 56% (5/9)], ovulation rate (1.3 +/- 0.2, 1.4 +/- 0.2 or 1.8 +/- 0.4 units of corpora lutea), average follicle diameter (6.2 +/- 0.1, 6.7 +/- 0.1 or 6.8 +/- 0.3 mm) and pregnancy rate [54% (13/24), 50% (11/22) or 48% (10/21)]. Plasma progesterone concentrations were not different (P &gt; 0.05) for does among treatments and between nulliparous and lactating females. In conclusion, autoclaved, previously used intravaginal progesterone devices are effective in synchronising oestrus and ovulation in cyclic goats during the breeding season.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq