INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA NO ALTO VALE DO ITAJAÍ: EFEITOS NO SOLO E NAS CULTURAS DE GRÃOS - I. PRODUTIVIDADE DA PASTAGEM, FEIJÃO E MILHO SILAGEM NA SAFRA 2021/2022

O uso do solo no Alto Vale do Itajaí-SC sofreu mudanças nos últimos anos, observando-se uma expansão das lavouras de produção de grãos, e grande parte delas cultivadas somente com plantas de cobertura no inverno. Contudo, algumas propriedades rurais tem adotado o sistema de integração Lavoura-Pecuária (iLP) como alternativa para uso do solo e geração de renda no período de inverno. Entretanto, o pisoteio animal em iLP pode trazer efeitos adversos nos atributos físicos do solo afetando a cultura subsequente. Assim, esse estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito do pastejo rotativo de bovinos de corte sobre o crescimento da pastagem e o rendimento da cultura de feijão e milho silagem, em comparação ao uso da cultura de inverno somente como adubação verde em dois sistemas de preparo de solo no Alto Vale do Itajaí/SC.O experimento conduzido na safra 2021/2022 em Trombudo Central-SC possuía parcelas de 48 m². Na área experimental 1 avaliou-se os tratamentos em sistema de semeadura direta na cultura de verão: iLP - área cultivada com aveia preta sem adubação na safra de inverno e pastejada por bovinos de corte (novilhos em terminação), seguida do cultivo de feijão; Lavoura - área cultivada com aveia preta na ausência de adubação com a finalidade de adubação verde, seguida do cultivo de feijão. Na área 2 avaliaram-se diferentes manejos da adubação da pastagem de inverno, seguidos do preparo reduzido para a culura do feijão, sendo: Tradicional (sem adubação), Tradicional com N (somente adubaçao nitrogenada) e Preconizado (adubação de base e cobertura). O pastejo rotativo dos bovinos de corte na área de iLP ocorreu entre junho a agosto/2021, avaliando mensalmente antes e pós-pastejo os parâmentros de rendimento da pastagem. As parcelas do tratamento Lavoura foram isoladas neste período. Em novembro/2021 foi realizada a semeadura do feijão cultivar IPR Urutau. Em dezembro/2021 avaliou-se o estande de plantas e rendimento de grãos do feijão. Em seguido a área foi cultivada com milho híbrido Produce Sargento para silagem. Os resultados da safra 2021/2022 indicaram que a taxa média diária de crescimento de matéria seca e a palhada de cobertura do solo foi menor onde o solo foi submetido ao sistema de iLP em comparação sistema Lavoura. O rendimento de grãos de feijão foi mais elevado e semelhante entre os tratamentos iLP sob PR (adubados ou não), indicando que o PR do solo proporcionou melhores condições às plantas, em comparação ao uso do PD pastejado ou não, sendo que, a produtividade superior em até até 9,0 sacas de feijão nos tratamentos em PR . Em relação à média estadual de SC na safra 2021/2022, a produtividade nos tratamentos em PR foi superior em até 20 sacas/ha nesse tratamentos, indicando que, o sistema iLP sob PR é uma alternativa viável para a produção de feijão nas condições edafoclimáticas do Alto Vale do Itajaí-SC. Na produção de milho para silagem não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos , indicando que os efeitos benéficos da descompactação do solo em PR persiste apenas na primeira safra após o preparo do solo

ALTERNATIVAS DE MANEJO DA ADUBAÇÃO NO SISTEMA DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA EM UM CAMBISSOLO HÚMICO – RESULTADOS NA SAFRA 2019/2020

Nos últimos anos ocorreu um aumento expressivo na adoção de um novo sistema produtivo, denominado de Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária – SIPA, o qual possibilita a diversificação de atividades agrícolas e pecuárias dentro de uma propriedade agrícola beneficiando as duas atividades. Dentro desse contexto, observou-se um aumento expressivo das áreas de integração Lavoura-Pecuária (iLP) na região do Planalto Serrano Catarinense. Entretanto, ainda existem dúvidas quanto ao manejo correto da adubação nessas lavouras em sistemas integrados nesta região. Assim, esse estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de formas alternativas de manejos de adubação na produtividade da pastagem de inverno e no rendimento de milho em iLP no Planalto Serrano de SC na safra 2019/2020. O experimento implantado em 2016 está sendo conduzido em um Cambissolo Húmico em Otacílio Costa-SC, sendo constituído por três manejos da adubação de base NPK nas parcelas principais (Tradicional, Preconizado e Antecipado) e pelo efeito da adubação de cobertura nitrogenada na pastagem de inverno nas subparcelas (com 150 kg/ha e sem N). No Tradicional aplica-seadubação de base apenas na cultura de verão, no Preconizado aplica-se adubação de base nas culturas de inverno e verão, no Antecipado aplica-se a adubação de base da cultura de verão no momento da semeadura da cultura de inverno. Na safra 2019/2020, o experimento foi cultivado com o consórcio de aveia preta+azevém em pós-soja, sendo pastejada por bovinos de corte em sistema contínuo entre 44 à 199 dias após a semeadura, seguido do cultivo de milho em semeadura direta. A adubação da pastagem foi calculada para produtividade de 8,0 Mg ha-1 de matéria seca e na cultura do milho para produtividade de grãos igual a 9,0 Mg ha-1. A produção acumulada de matéria seca da pastagem de inverno na safra 2019 foi obtida após seis avaliações usando a técnica do triplo emparelhamento. Na cultura do milho da safra 2019/2020 avaliou-se índice Spad da folha no florescimento da cultura, altura de inserção de espigas e rendimento de grãos. Em abril/2020 avaliou-se o pH em água, teores de fósforo e potássio trocáveis em duas camadas do solo. Quanto aos resultados, a produção inicial da matéria seca e produtividade da pastagem foram maiores nos tratamentos que receberam a adubação de base e de cobertura. O índice Spad foi menor na parte adaxial das folhas no tratamento Antecipado sem N. O rendimento de grãos se mostrou mais elevado no tratamento que recebeu adubação de base duas vezes ao ano nas últimas quatro safras e não se distinguiu quando se realiza apenas uma adubação ao ano (Tradicional e Antecipado com N). Os teores de fósforo e potássio foram maiores na camada de 0 a 10 cm no tratamento Preconizado.Conclui-se que a antecipação da adubação combinada com adubação de N na pastagem se mostra viável, pois eleva o rendimento da pastagem, e afeta pouco a produtividade do milho em relação ao sistema de adubação Tradicional. Contudo, o rendimento de milho é maior quando se realiza adubação preconizada, embora, o custo com aquisição de fertilizantes se torne mais elevado

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Management of coronary disease in patients with advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND Clinical trials that have assessed the effect of revascularization in patients with stable coronary disease have routinely excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 777 patients with advanced kidney disease and moderate or severe ischemia on stress testing to be treated with an initial invasive strategy consisting of coronary angiography and revascularization (if appropriate) added to medical therapy or an initial conservative strategy consisting of medical therapy alone and angiography reserved for those in whom medical therapy had failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. A key secondary outcome was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, a primary outcome event had occurred in 123 patients in the invasive-strategy group and in 129 patients in the conservative-strategy group (estimated 3-year event rate, 36.4% vs. 36.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.29; P=0.95). Results for the key secondary outcome were similar (38.5% vs. 39.7%; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.29). The invasive strategy was associated with a higher incidence of stroke than the conservative strategy (hazard ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.52 to 9.32; P=0.004) and with a higher incidence of death or initiation of dialysis (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction

Health status after invasive or conservative care in coronary and advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial, the primary analysis showed no significant difference in the risk of death or myocardial infarction with initial angiography and revascularization plus guideline-based medical therapy (invasive strategy) as compared with guideline-based medical therapy alone (conservative strategy) in participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease (an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 or receipt of dialysis). A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status. METHODS We assessed health status with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) before randomization and at 1.5, 3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. The primary outcome of this analysis was the SAQ Summary score (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating less frequent angina and better function and quality of life). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate the treatment effect with the invasive strategy. RESULTS Health status was assessed in 705 of 777 participants. Nearly half the participants (49%) had had no angina during the month before randomization. At 3 months, the estimated mean difference between the invasive-strategy group and the conservative-strategy group in the SAQ Summary score was 2.1 points (95% credible interval, 120.4 to 4.6), a result that favored the invasive strategy. The mean difference in score at 3 months was largest among participants with daily or weekly angina at baseline (10.1 points; 95% credible interval, 0.0 to 19.9), smaller among those with monthly angina at baseline (2.2 points; 95% credible interval, 122.0 to 6.2), and nearly absent among those without angina at baseline (0.6 points; 95% credible interval, 121.9 to 3.3). By 6 months, the between-group difference in the overall trial population was attenuated (0.5 points; 95% credible interval, 122.2 to 3.4). CONCLUSIONS Participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease did not have substantial or sustained benefits with regard to angina-related health status with an initially invasive strategy as compared with a conservative strategy

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press