Study of infectious virus production from HPV18/16 capsid chimeras

AbstractUsing the HPV18 genome as the backbone, we exchanged the HPV18 L2 or L1 genes with those of HPV16. The intertypical exchange of HPV18 L1 with the HPV16 L1 produced genomes that efficiently replicated and produced infectious virus. Genomes containing an intertypical exchange of HPV18 L2 for the HPV16 L2 failed to produce infectious virus in multiple independently derived cell lines. Using chimeric constructs of individual capsid proteins, we identified a type-specific domain at the N-terminus of the HPV18L1 capsid protein, which interferes with its ability to cooperate with the HPV16 L2 protein to form infectious viral particles. Deletion of this domain allows for the cooperation of the HPV18 L1 protein and HPV16 L2 protein and production of infectious progeny. In addition, cooperation of this N-terminal HPV18 L1 deletion mutant protein with the wild-type HPV18 L2 protein efficiently replicates infectious virus but changes occur in the viral structure

Nanoscale Interplay of Strain and Doping in a High-Temperature Superconductor

The highest-temperature superconductors are electronically inhomogeneous at the nanoscale, suggesting the existence of a local variable that could be harnessed to enhance the superconducting pairing. Here we report the relationship between local doping and local strain in the cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x. We use scanning tunneling microscopy to discover that the crucial oxygen dopants are periodically distributed in correlation with local strain. Our picoscale investigation of the intraunit-cell positions of all oxygen dopants provides essential structural input for a complete microscopic theory.Physic

Stress errors in polysyllabic adjective words by the 6th semester students of English Letters Department in Sanata Dharma University

<p>Although clear separation between control and infected rat urine exosomes is seen, a fraction of overlap between the infected male and infected female rat urine exosome proteins is observed.</p

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Optimal Algorithms for the Channel-Assignment Problem on a Reconfigurable Array of Processors with Wider Bus Networks

The computation model on which the algorithms are developed is the reconfigurable array of processors with wider bus networks (abbreviated to RAPWBN). The main difference between the RAPWBN model and other existing reconfigurable parallel processing systems is that the bus width of each network is bounded within the range e#

Brief Report

BackgroundConcentrations of tenofovir (TFV) in hair and tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBSs) as measures of cumulative exposure have been primarily studied in younger, HIV-uninfected individuals taking preexposure HIV prophylaxis. Data on these measures among older HIV-infected individuals are limited.MethodsWe evaluated longitudinal TFV and TFV-DP concentrations in hair and DBS, respectively, from HIV-infected adults. Multivariable model variables included age group (18-35 and 60 years and older), creatinine clearance (CrCl), hematocrit (TFV-DP), and gray hair color (TFV).ResultsBaseline hair TFV and DBS TFV-DP were moderately correlated [r = 0.5 (0.2 to 0.7); P = 0.001] across both age groups [younger (N = 23) and older (N = 22)]. In adjusted models, CrCl was associated with increases of 15.9% (7.4% to 25.0%); P = 0.0006, and 5.7% (-0.2% to 11.9%); P = 0.057 for TFV in hair and TFV-DP in DBS, respectively, for every 20-mL/min CrCl decrease. Although older age (versus younger age) was univariately associated with increased TFV hair levels, older age was not significantly associated with higher concentrations in hair [-1.4% (-26.7% to 32.7%); P = 0.93] or DBS [4.0% (-14.1% to 25.9%); P = 0.68] after adjustment. Similarly, gray color was not significantly associated with higher TFV levels in hair [27.6% (-11.1% to 83.0%; P = 0.18)] in adjusted models. In both adjusted and unadjusted models of TFV-DP levels in DBS, a 1% hematocrit increase was associated with a 3.3% (0.2% to 6.5%) TFV-DP increase (P = 0.04).ConclusionsCumulative drug exposure measures (hair and DBS) were comparable in younger and older HIV-infected individuals on TFV-based therapy after adjustment for renal function

Major publications in the critical care pharmacotherapy literature in 2015

PURPOSE: Recently published practice guidelines and research reports on pharmacotherapy in critical care patient populations are summarized. SUMMARY: The Critical Care Pharmacotherapy Literature Update (CCPLU) Group is composed of over 50 experienced critical care pharmacists who evaluate 31 peer-reviewed journals monthly to identify literature pertaining to pharmacotherapy in critical care populations. Articles are chosen for summarization in a monthly CCPLU Group publication on the basis of applicability and relevance to clinical practice and strength of study design. From January to December 2015, a total of 121 articles were summarized; of these, 3 articles presenting clinical practice guidelines and 12 articles presenting original research findings were objectively selected for inclusion in this review based on their potential to change or reinforce current evidence-based practice. The reviewed guidelines address the management of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), adult advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) and post-cardiac arrest care, and the management of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The reviewed research reports address topics such as nutrition in critically ill adults, administration of β-lactams for severe sepsis, anticoagulant selection in the context of continuous renal replacement therapy, early goal-directed therapy in septic shock, magnesium use for neuroprotection in acute stroke, and progesterone use in patients with traumatic brain injury. CONCLUSION: Important recent additions to the critical care pharmacy literature include updated joint clinical practice guidelines on the management of spontaneous ICH, ACLS, and SVT